CN103077320B - A kind of solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory analyzes method - Google Patents
A kind of solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory analyzes method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory and analyze method, there is following steps: S100. and include at least for the foundation of many bond pads connector fatigue test: the fatigue data storehouse of load attribute, max architecture stress and cycle-index；S200. to max architecture Stress calculation structural stress variation range delta σ in described fatigue data storehouses；To Δ σsAttribute construction is carried out with cycle-index；Generate the decision attribute values in rough set data base, write rough set data base；Welding point basic parameter in the most described fatigue data storehouse writes described rough set data base as the conditional attribute value in rough set data base；S400. use combination entropy Algorithm for Reduction to carry out reduction of condition attributes and conditional attribute value yojan the rough set data base containing decision attribute values and conditional attribute value obtained, obtain rough set decision rule model；Apply this rule model that new solder joint fatigue data are analyzed, obtain rough set and differentiate result, complete solder joint fatigue analysis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solder joint fatigue and analyze method, particularly relate to a kind of solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory and analyze method.Relate to G01N in Patent classificating number to test or analysis of material by means of the chemically or physically character measuring material.
Background technology
Welding is a kind of important advanced manufacturing technology, plays very important effect in commercial production and the development of the national economy.Welding Structure has the technical advantages such as intensity height, good airproof performance, structure design flexibility height, concise in technology, easy reparation, is widely used in the metal structure manufacture of many industrial departments.The geometric discontinuity etc. of welding procedure characteristic and joint causes its fatigue strength far below the fatigue strength of mother metal, and existing result of study shows: lost efficacy the main mode being to lose efficacy in product validity period by the Welding Structure caused by fatigue rupture.Therefore, the reliability of welded Fatigue Design and biometry directly determines its safety used, equip especially for high-speed rail transportation, continuous lifting along with running velocity, under the common effect of the load such as Wheel Rail Vibration excitation, Pneumatic immpacting, the more conventional rail truck of load situation that Vehicle welded structure bears becomes increasingly complex, and the reliability of Welding Structure analysis of Fatigue-life is had higher requirement by this.
Welding Structure analysis of fatigue at present and Forecasting Methodology mainly have nominal stress method, hot spot stress method, fracture mechanics method and main S-N curve method.
Nominal stress method is the method being applied to Welding Structure analysis of fatigue the earliest, on the basis of a large amount of theories and experimental study, the S-N curve set up based on the method has obtained standard convention in a lot of fields, Code for design of steel structures (GB50017,2003), Britain BS7608:1993, AAR (North America railway association) the Welding Structure fatigue design standard such as engineering manual of standards 1999, IIW (International Institute of Welding) DoesXIII-1539-96/XV-845-1996 are based on nominal stress method.In above standard, by calculating welded nominal stress, and carry out fatigue test for various terminal, and then form the S-N curve for various welding points.In the Fatigue Design stage, the welding point S-N curve provided based on above-mentioned standard, carry out Fatigue Life Assessment according to Miner linear cumulative damage law.The method is applied relatively broad in terms of Welding Structure Fatigue Design at present, but also shows certain limitation during engineer applied.Although first nominal stress has strict definition on mechanics, but it is difficult to determine to actual complex structure, and when using numerical calculations, welding toe singularity causes the inconsistent of stress calculating results, thus compellent stress value cannot be obtained and carry out the evaluation of Welding Structure fatigue life；In addition nominal stress method is to provide S-N curve according to the method for welding classification, and in practical engineering application, the states such as the form of some welding point and load are difficult to correspond in a certain classification the most clearly, so can cause, in S-N Curve selection, there is subjectivity, therefore limit its versatility in engineer applied.
The nineties in 20th century, Niemi.E proposes Welding Structure Assessment Method for Fatigue based on focus stress on the basis of nominal stress method, i.e. hot spot stress method, the method is written into IIW Welding Structure Fatigue Design document, the document gives the most detailed regulation to the surface Extrapolation method of focus stress, and establishes S-N curve based on focus stress.Hot spot stress method considers the stress concentration that rigidity sudden change causes in stress analysis, welding toe stress is obtained by extrapolation, and set up S-N curve based on this stress parameters, the method can use a general focus stress S-N curve to characterize the fatigue strength of various different joint welding classification in theory, it is possible to reduce the consideration of Welded Joints classification.Although hot spot stress method solves in nominal stress method for the subjectivity problem in terms of the S-N Curve selection of welding point classification, but the accuracy of focus stress depends on extrapolation point and the selection of Extrapolation method, and selection a little of extrapolating must account for the problem such as the toe of weld notch effect zone of influence and geometrical stress concentration effect, therefore, it is difficult to set up unified hotspot type and extrapolation formula.In addition hot spot stress method equally exists Stress calculation problem of inconsistency, also limit its application in engineering.
American scholar Paris establishes the fracture mechanics method of Welding Structure Fatigue Assessment on the basis of fracture mechanics, it is different from both the above method, the law of development of fatigue rupture mainly studied by the method pin, by crack and spreading rate thereof in detection weld seam, Welding Structure is carried out life appraisal.The method uses J-integration or stress intensity factor variation range delta K to describe the propagation of the lower crackle of circulation every time, defines the Paris formula describing crack propagation law, establishes Welding Structure lifetime estimation method based on Crack growth analysis.Fracture mechanics method needs the attributes such as known crackle size, position, shape and direction, thus is used widely in component residual life evaluation with damage tolerance design.But simultaneously in this lifetime estimation method, cracks can spread is closely related with the kind of weld defect, size, distribution and stress thereof etc., cannot predict for actual welding structure, therefore cannot be used for the evaluation of design phase fatigue performance of welded structure.
Calendar year 2001, scientist Chinese descendant in America PingshaDong proposes main S-N curve method (Mesh-insensitiveMasterS-NCurveMethod) based on the insensitive structural stress of grid, the method solves Stress calculation consistency problem by definition to the computation of structure stress that finite element analysis stress and strain model size is insensitive, establish and comprise joint thickness of slab, the stress intensity factor expression formula of the influence factors such as load modes, the each parameter in expression formula is determined on the basis of a large amount of welding point fatigue datas, to obtain a main S-N curve that can characterize welding point fatigue life.nullMain S-N curve method based on the insensitive structural stress of grid has obtained the accreditation of numerous researcher in terms of the analysis of fatigue of welded steel structure，And be widely used in multiple fields，U.S. ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeSectionVIIIDivision2Part5 (2007) standard and API579-1/ASMEFFS-12007Fitness-for-Service standard all recommend main S-N curve method is used for weld fatigue analysis，The method is at the pressure vessel of more than 50 countries and regions、Oil pipeline、Boats and ships、The welded Fatigue Design in the fields such as drilling platforms is used widely in analyzing，Since two thousand nine，The application of main S-N curve method is begun attempt in China's railway transportation equipment field.
In main S-N curve method, the insensitive computation of structure stress of grid solves the discordance in weld stress distribution FEM calculation, but in the Fatigue Life Assessment stage based on crack growth theory, loading is carried out simplification process, the factor such as material properties, welding procedure being ignored the impact of fatigue life, problem above will reduce the accuracy to Welding Structure analysis of Fatigue-life and prediction.Welded fatigue life, it is relatively independent in terms of the analysis of above-mentioned influence factor that current solder joint fatigue analyzes method, lacks the degree of association each other, fails to consider the impact of various factors by many factors coupling influence.Patent of the present invention is for this problem, insensitive to rough set theory and grid computation of structure stress is combined, on the basis of each influence factor's ration contribution of comprehensive analysis, set up a kind of novel solder joint fatigue analyze method, provide a kind of more accurate and effective technological means for Welding Structure analysis of fatigue.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the proposition of problem above, and a kind of based on rough set theory the solder joint fatigue developed analyze method, there are following steps:
S100. set up for many bond pads connector fatigue test and include at least: the fatigue data storehouse of welding point basic parameter, max architecture stress and cycle-index；
S200. to max architecture Stress calculation structural stress variation range delta σ in described fatigue data storehouses；To Δ σsAttribute construction is carried out with cycle-index；Generate the decision attribute values in rough set data base, write rough set data base；
Welding point basic parameter in the most described fatigue data storehouse writes described rough set data base as the conditional attribute value in rough set data base；
S400. use combination entropy Algorithm for Reduction to carry out reduction of condition attributes and conditional attribute value yojan the rough set data base containing decision attribute values and conditional attribute value obtained, obtain rough set decision rule model；Apply this rule model that new solder joint fatigue data are analyzed, obtain rough set and differentiate result, complete solder joint fatigue analysis.
Structural stress σ described in step S100sDefinition be:
σs=σm+σb(1)
Wherein σm、σbIt is respectively membrane stress and bending stress that welding toe is subject to；
The definition a length of l of bonding wire, thickness of slab is t, and the power of vertical toe of weld is Fy, the moment of flexure around toe of weld is Mx, the line power on toe of weld is fy, line moment is mx, according to mechanics of materials structural stress value σsComponent membrane stress σm, bending stress σbComputing formula is as follows:
Definition wires power:
It is derived by line moment:
Comprehensive above formula, welding toe computation of structure stress such as following formula:
Calculate max architecture stress according to finite element analysis and formula 5, write fatigue data storehouse.
Described step S200 specifically comprises step:
S201: calculate each structural stress variation range delta σ organizing data in described fatigue data storehouse according to the max architecture stress in described data base and stress ratios；
S202: by described fatigue life cycle and structural stress variation range delta σsWrite logarithmic coordinates system, sets up S-N curve by least square fitting；
S203: curve centered by described S-N curve, sets the standard deviation of different multiplying, obtains a plurality of characteristic curve parallel with center curve, using the region between each curve as different fatigue property field；
S204: each group of fatigue data is carried out level of fatigue division with the distribution in fatigue characteristic territory of the fatigue data point, as decision attribute organizing data each in rough set data base.
In described step S202, described S-N curve-fitting method:
Welding point fatigue load structural stress range delta σsWith the relation between fatigue life N is represented by:
C=N (Δ σs)m
Wherein: C is material constant；M is S-N slope of a curve；Above formula is taken the logarithm:
lgΔσs=-BlgN+A
In formula: Δ σsStructural stress scope for added load；N is fatigue life；B, A are fitting constant.
Described step S300 specifically comprises:
S310. the method using hand inspection removes obvious singular point, removes noise data；
S320. the correlation analysis of data, removes the data that dependency is told somebody what one's real intentions are；
S330. Data Discretization after above-mentioned steps being processed.
In described step S400, use uncertain reasoning as the inference strategy of rough set decision rule model.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: with the nominal stress method for Welding Structure analysis of fatigue, hot spot stress method, fracture mechanics method is compared, the present invention uses the grid insensitive computation of structure stress method in main S-N curve method to characterize welding point welding toe stress under load effect, in the method, solving of structural stress is the nodal force by result of finite element extraction unit, it is the distributing line load in element sides by panel load based on merit equivalent transformation, according to mechanics of materials equations structural stress, and solve stress not over stress and strain relationship in physical equation, decrease the calculating error that shape function derivation is brought, ensure that computation of structure stress is to cell type, mesh shape and the insensitivity of size.For the simplification of some influence factor being processed by main S-N curve method and ignoring process, combining rough set synthesis in theory of the present invention analyzes contribution degree and the degree of association of each factor Welded Joints fatigue life, and set up solder joint fatigue prediction algorithm with this, to welded analysis of fatigue with prediction the most accurately and reliably.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For clearer explanation embodiments of the invention or the technical scheme of prior art, introduce the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art is done one simply below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory designed by the present invention analyzes method
Fig. 2 is definition and the computational methods of the grid insensitive structural stress method center line power of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the welding point fatigue characteristic territory of the present invention divides example.
In figure: 1, center curve；2, fatigue data point；3, characteristic curve；4, fatigue characteristic territory.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of embodiments of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out the most complete description:
As shown in Figure 1: a kind of solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory analyzes method, mainly comprises the steps of:
S100. set up for many bond pads connector fatigue test and include at least: the fatigue data storehouse of welding point basic parameter, max architecture stress and cycle-index:
Described welding point basic parameter specifically includes that the parameters such as title material, joint categories, load type, stress ratio, weldment thickness, leg length, welding method, yield strength, tensile strength, bending stress ratio.Further, load type therein, stress ratio, bending stress ratio and max architecture stress are defined as load attribute.
After obtaining data base, utilize the data construct rough set data base in data base.
S200. to max architecture Stress calculation structural stress variation range delta σ in described fatigue data storehouses；To Δ σsAttribute construction is carried out with cycle-index；Generate the decision attribute values in rough set data base, write rough set data base.
In the present invention, structural stress σ is usedsCharacterize structural stress state, definition
σs=σm+σb(1)
Wherein σm、σbIt is respectively membrane stress and bending stress that welding toe is subject to；
The definition a length of l of bonding wire, thickness of slab is t, and the power of vertical toe of weld is Fy, the moment of flexure around toe of weld is Mx, the line power on toe of weld is fy, line moment is mx, according to mechanics of materials structural stress value σsComponent membrane stress σm, bending stress σbComputing formula is as follows:
Definition wires power:
It is derived by line moment:
Comprehensive above formula, welding toe computation of structure stress such as following formula:
Structural stress variation range delta σ of each fatigue data can be calculated according to the load attribute in above computational methods and data bases。
Structural stress range delta σsWith the relation between fatigue life N is represented by:
C=N (Δ σs)m
Wherein: C is material constant；M is S-N slope of a curve；Above formula is taken the logarithm:
lgΔσs=-BlgN+A (6)
In formula: Δ σsStructural stress scope for added load；N is fatigue life；B, A are fitting constant.
As a example by aluminum alloy joint, the fatigue data of aluminum alloy joint is carried out regression treatment, then formula (6) can be expressed as
lgΔσs=-3.47883lgN+12.3605 (7)
The log-log coordinate S-N curve that formula (7) is drawn is as shown in mean line in Fig. 3.Set different multiplying powers, set the multiplying power of established standards difference in this experiment the most respectively and, as 1, respectively draw 3 characteristic curves in center curve both sides, thus all samples are divided into 6 big classes.
All fall decision attribute corresponding to sample between "-3staDev " and "-2staDev " two lines value be 1；All fall sample correspondence decision attribute between "-2staDev " and "-1staDev " two lines value be 2；All fall sample correspondence decision attribute between "-1staDev " and " mean " two lines value be 3；All fall sample correspondence decision attribute between " mean " and "+1staDev " two lines value be 4；All fall sample correspondence decision attribute between "+1staDev " and "+2staDev " two lines value be 5；The value of the decision attribute of other all samples is 6.
Other attributes of original fatigue data storehouse kind simultaneously, are write new rough set data base as the conditional attribute value in rough set data base by the decision attribute values in calculating rough set data base.
Owing to the data in original fatigue data storehouse are the most incomplete, Noise and be inconsistent, need the quality carrying out pretreatment to improve modeling data.In an experiment the main method of data prediction is included: the steps such as noise data removal, correlation analysis and continuous data discretization.
The removal of noise data is to remove apparent error and deviateing desired outlier data.Be not modeling data acquisition step obtained all data be involved in modeling, the obvious singular point of some of them to be removed at data preprocessing phase.Preferably, mainly use the method for hand inspection to remove obvious singular point, reach to remove the purpose of noise data.
Correlation analysis, primarily to determine the conditional attribute bigger with decision attribute relation, gets rid of the attribute that degree of association is relatively low, reduces the workload of subsequent step.
As a preferably embodiment, in the present invention, in the experimental data that modeling data acquisition step obtains, owing to the absolute value of weldment thickness and leg length attribute and the correlation coefficient of decision attribute is less than 0.1, therefore removed.
The process of asking for of correlation coefficient:
For(C is conditional attribute set, and D is decision attribute set, and k ∈ [1, m], m are conditional attribute number), attribute akCorrelation coefficient u with decision attributec(ak) calculate by following equation:
A in above formulakFor conditional attribute, card (X) represents the base of set X, and POSC (D) represents that the knowledge expressed by all that condition class U/C of C positive region, i.e. domain U can correctly be categorized into the object set among Decision Classes U/D.uc(ak) the biggest, show attribute akThe most important to decision-making, it is the highest with the relative coefficient of decision attribute.
nullOwing to rough set theory can only process the data of discretization，It is thus desirable to value continuous print attribute in data base is carried out the pretreatment of discretization，Use discretization method based on combination entropy，Concrete grammar please refer to: [list of references: ZouL,YangXY,DengW.Researchondiscretizationofcontinuousattributeandattributereductionbasedonunitedentropy[J].IJACT:InternationalJournalofAdvancementsinComputingTechnology.2012,4(18):441-449.]
As follows to initial data policy database after above-mentioned process:
Yojan is carried out for the rough set data base obtained, mainly comprise reduction of condition attributes and conditional attribute value yojan, from being transversely compressed rule, Rules Reduction is to realize being compressed fuzzy rules from longitudinally by reducing fuzzy rules. the optimal solution of solving condition attribute reduction is that NP (Non-deterministicPolynomial) is difficult.
This experiment use Algorithm for Reduction based on combination entropy carry out attribute reduction and value yojan, about combination entropy Algorithm for Reduction, please refer to [list of references: ZouL, YangXY, DengW.Researchondiscretizationofcontinuousattributeandat tributereductionbasedonunitedentropy [J] .IJACT:InternationalJournalofAdvancementsinComputingTech nology.2012,4 (18): 441-449.]
Obtaining 3 groups of yojan results is:
{ stress ratio, yield strength }, { stress ratio, title material }, { stress ratio, tensile strength }.Wherein stress ratio is core.Core is the attribute all comprised in all yojan, has most important effect for classification.
After attribute reduction and value yojan process, an available rough set model being made up of rule, use this model, use suitable Model reasoning method for developing equality, the output of unknown sample can be predicted.
How to use model to make inferences and be referred to as inference strategy.Suitably inference strategy has critically important impact for the predictive ability improving model.The present invention needs use uncertain reasoning.After pretreatment and reduction steps, experiment obtains one group of rough set decision rule model.
Based on the requirement to reliability, setting the Minimum support4 of decision rule model as 0.5, minimum vertex-covering degree is 0.2, obtains one group of rule the most valuable to actual welding analysis of Fatigue-life, list wherein 9 as follows:
Stress ratio ([0.1,0.3)) AND tensile strength ([305,317))=> DEC (3)
Stress ratio ([0.3, *)) AND tensile strength ([305,317))=> DEC (3)
Stress ratio ([*, 0.1)) AND tensile strength ([329, *))=> DEC (4)
Stress ratio ([0.1,0.3)) AND yield strength ([*, 144))=> DEC (3)
Stress ratio ([0.1,0.3)) AND title material (5083H11)=> DEC (3)
Stress ratio ([0.3, *)) AND title material (5083H11)=> DEC (3)
Stress ratio ([*, 0.1)) AND title material (NP5/6)=> DEC (4)
Stress ratio ([*, 0.1)) AND tensile strength ([317,329))=> DEC (4) ORDEC (5)
Stress ratio ([*, 0.1)) AND title material (HP30)=> DEC (4) ORDEC (5)
From obtaining rough set model after attribute reduction it can be seen that affect the many factors of welded joints in aluminium alloy fatigue life, stress ratio is most important factor, from the point of view of other factors, during welding point Fatigue Life, its contribution degree is maximum.
The rule obtained in experiment can be used to instruct be predicted the fatigue life to aluminum alloy joint, has the strongest actual application value.In order to verify the rough set model of the acquisition effectiveness during analyzing welded joints in aluminium alloy fatigue life, obtaining one group of new test samples by consulting pertinent literature and experiment, number of samples is 64, and its part data are as shown in the table:
Rough set differentiates that result is as shown in the table:
The above; it is only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses; according to technical scheme and inventive concept equivalent or change in addition thereof, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory analyzes a method, has following steps:
S100. set up for many bond pads connector fatigue test and include at least: the fatigue data storehouse of welding point attribute, load attribute, welding method, max architecture stress and cycle-index；
S200. to max architecture Stress calculation structural stress variation range delta σ in described fatigue data storehouses；To Δ σsAttribute construction is carried out with cycle-index；Generate the decision attribute values in rough set data base, write rough set data base；
Welding point attribute, load attribute and welding method in the most described fatigue data storehouse writes described rough set data base as the conditional attribute value in rough set data base；
S400. use combination entropy Algorithm for Reduction to carry out reduction of condition attributes and conditional attribute value yojan the rough set data base containing decision attribute values and conditional attribute value obtained, obtain rough set decision rule model；Apply this rule model that new solder joint fatigue data are analyzed, obtain rough set and differentiate result, complete solder joint fatigue analysis；
Max architecture calculation method for stress described in step S100 is as follows:
Structural stress σsDefinition be:
σs=σm+σb(1)
Wherein σm、σbIt is respectively membrane stress and bending stress that welding toe is subject to；
The definition a length of l of bonding wire, thickness of slab is t, and the power of vertical toe of weld is Fy, the moment of flexure around toe of weld is Mx, the line power on toe of weld is fy, line moment is mx, according to mechanics of materials structural stress value σs, membrane stress σ that welding toe is subject tom, bending stress σbComputing formula is as follows:
Definition wires power:
It is derived by line moment:
Comprehensive above formula, welding toe computation of structure stress such as following formula:
Calculate max architecture stress according to finite element analysis and formula 5, write fatigue data storehouse.
A kind of solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory the most according to claim 1 analyzes method, is further characterized in that described step S200 specifically comprises step:
S210: calculate each structural stress variation range delta σ organizing data in described fatigue data storehouse according to the max architecture stress in described fatigue data storehouse and stress ratios；
S220: by fatigue life cycle and structural stress variation range delta σsWrite logarithmic coordinates system, sets up S-N curve by least square fitting；
S230: curve centered by described S-N curve, sets the standard deviation of different multiplying, obtains a plurality of characteristic curve parallel with center curve, using the region between each curve as different fatigue property field；
S240: each group of fatigue data is carried out level of fatigue division with the distribution in fatigue characteristic territory of the fatigue data point, as decision attribute organizing data each in rough set data base.
A kind of solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory the most according to claim 2 analyzes method, is further characterized in that in step S220, described S-N curve-fitting method:
Welding point fatigue load structural stress variation range delta σsWith the relation between fatigue life N is represented by:
C=N (Δ σs)m
Wherein: C is material constant；M is S-N slope of a curve；Above formula is taken the logarithm:
lgΔσS=-BlgN+A
In formula: Δ σSStructural stress excursion for added load；N is fatigue life；B, A are fitting constant.
A kind of solder joint fatigue based on rough set theory the most according to claim 1 analyzes method, is further characterized in that described step S300 specifically comprises:
S310. the method using hand inspection removes obvious singular point, removes noise data；
S320. the correlation analysis of data, removes the data that dependency is told somebody what one's real intentions are；
S330. Data Discretization after step S310 and S320 being processed.
5. analyze method according to a kind of based on rough set theory the solder joint fatigue described in any claim of claim 1-4, be further characterized in that: in described step S400, use uncertain reasoning as the inference strategy of rough set decision rule model.
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