CN103073735A - Electron beam modification method for reducing rolling resistance of tire tread rubber material and improving abrasion resistance - Google Patents
Electron beam modification method for reducing rolling resistance of tire tread rubber material and improving abrasion resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN103073735A CN103073735A CN2013100312121A CN201310031212A CN103073735A CN 103073735 A CN103073735 A CN 103073735A CN 2013100312121 A CN2013100312121 A CN 2013100312121A CN 201310031212 A CN201310031212 A CN 201310031212A CN 103073735 A CN103073735 A CN 103073735A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 12
- OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylguanidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=N)NC1=CC=CC=C1 OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OUBMGJOQLXMSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 OUBMGJOQLXMSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 11
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electron beam modification method for reducing rolling resistance of a tire tread rubber material and improving abrasion resistance. The method comprises the steps of placing tire tread vulcanized rubber on a conveyor belt, and conducting irradiation modification on the vulcanized rubber through a scanning window of an electron beam accelerator mounted in an irradiation room. A cross-linking network of a rubber composite is improved, the interaction between the rubber and a filler is improved, the rolling resistance is reduced, and the abrasion resistance is improved. With the simple and effective electron beam irradiation method, the rolling resistance of a tread is reduced, the abrasion resistance is improved, and a novel technological approach is provided for surface modification of a finished tire.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rubber composite manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of Electron-beam Modified method that reduces tire tread glue material rolling resistance and improve wear resisting property.
Background technology
Desirable tire tread glue material should possess low-rolling-resistance, high-wearing feature and good anti-slippery, but influencing each other between this three large performance, mutually restriction is difficult to the balance optimizing between the realization three, is called as " devil's triangle " of tyre performance.
The tradition method of modifying is the prescription of adjusting the tread rubber matrix material, filler and the design novel rubber raw materials novel such as Application and Development.Adopt carbon black filled method, can give preferably wear resistance of tread rubber, but often rolling resistance is higher; Adopt the white carbon black fill method of coupling agent modified processing, can reduce the rolling resistance of tread rubber and improve wet-sliding resistant performance, yet wear resisting property is relatively poor; Design the method that novel elastomeric material reduces rolling resistance and improve wear resisting property and have the problems such as the catalyzer cost is high, the harsh complexity of synthesis technique.Therefore, how adopting simple effective method to reduce the tyre surface rolling resistance and improve wear resisting property is the research difficult problem of the art.
The electron beam that rumbatron produces is directed beams, can scan at certain width, forms a kind of electron curtain, and product by electron curtain, is realized the irradiation to sample through conveying belt.The irradiation dose of rumbatron is easy to adjust, can be under the condition that does not change the rumbatron parameter, and the speed of only adjusting transport tape just can change irradiation dose.What rumbatron was launched is high-power electron beam, and beam intensity is large, and the pack performance is good, and capacity usage ratio is high, and dose rate is high and adjustable, and the production treatment capacity is large, and does not have radiation hazradial bundle under stopped status, and environment is not produced harmful effect.
The principle of electron beam irradiation modified tread rubber material is to activate rubber macromolecule by the line that rumbatron produces among the present invention, produce living radical, mutually combining between these free radicals, occur crosslinkedly, improve cross-linking density, and the low polysulfidic bond of bond energy is changed to the high monosulfidic bond of bond energy, improve the elasticity of rubber composite, reduce the deformation of rubber composite under dynamic strain, reduce hysteresis loss, reduce rolling resistance; Energetic ray can also destroy filling-material structure simultaneously, form active site at filling surface, these active sites and rubber react, but the interaction of Reinforced Rubber and filler, make rubber surface finer and close, improve wear resistance, reduce the destruction of filler network under dynamic strain, reduce the phase mutual friction between the filler grain, reduce the wastage.
Mention in the patent 200710016031.6 first sulphur rubber section bar not carried out chemicure, form semicure glue after, the application of radiation technology is carried out radiation vulanization to elastomeric material again.Degree to chemical prevulcanized in this patent does not offer some clarification on, and how the most important thing is has effective adhesive also not mentioned with framework material (cord body) through the tyre surface of this explained hereafter, to have difficulties in actual applications.The method of this patent invention can directly apply to the radiation modification of the good tire tread of complete cure, to improve its wear resistance and to reduce rolling resistance, need not again bonding process of tyre surface and skeleton, for the finished tire surface modification provides a new technological approaches.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, provide a kind of Electron-beam Modified method that reduces tire tread glue material rolling resistance and improve wear resisting property, this technique can effectively be improved the cross-linked network of rubber composite, improves the interaction of rubber and filler, reduce rolling resistance, improve wear resisting property.
A kind of Electron-beam Modified tyre surface method that reduces rolling resistance and improve wear resisting property described in the invention, it is that the tread rubber material of complete cure is carried out radiation modification: the rubber unvulcanizate that at first prepares rubber composite, make cross-linked rubber through after the hot sulfurization, then cross-linked rubber is placed on the transport unit, transport unit is by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber, realization makes end article to the irradiation of cross-linked rubber.Wherein rubber composite under the scanning window of rumbatron when carrying out irradiation, transfer rate is 0.001-200m/min, rumbatron adopts low-energy electronic accelerator, the acceleration voltage of rumbatron is 0.01-5MeV, the line of rumbatron is 0.001-200mA, and the absorption dose of rubber composite is 0.001-600kGy.
Radiation parameter is: temperature is-20 ℃ ~ 100 ℃, and pressure is normal pressure, and irradiation atmosphere is air atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere, finishes the modification of tire tread by 1-100 irradiation.
Electron-beam Modified tread rubber material method proposed by the invention, can be used for building accelerator installation outward, the tire of the complete cure that the tire production line is rolled off the production line is realized off-line irradiation, also can increase the rumbatron device at the tire production line and realize continuously online irradiation.
Tire tread glue material electronics beam modifying method proposed by the invention is finished the modification of tire tread by 1-100 irradiation.
Tire tread glue material electronics beam modifying method proposed by the invention can be by adjusting the acceleration voltage control penetration depth of rumbatron.
Tire tread glue material electronics beam modifying method proposed by the invention can by regulating acceleration voltage, beam intensity and transfer rate, be controlled irradiation dose accurately.
Tire tread glue material electronics beam modifying method proposed by the invention can be by adjustment electron accelerator irradiation dosage, accurate control surface modification degree, and this is that conventional surface modifying method is difficult to realize.
Owing to adopting above-mentioned electronic beam irradiation technology that tyre surface is carried out radiation treatment, so that the present invention reaches following effect: through after electron beam irradiation modified, the wear resistance of tire tread glue material improves, rolling resistance reduces, and has reached purpose of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the transmission electron microscope photo in conjunction with glue of the used tread rubber material of the present invention (Comparative Examples), and Fig. 1 b is the transmission electron microscope photo in conjunction with glue of the electron beam irradiation modified tread rubber material of the present invention (embodiment 5).Electromicroscopic photograph shows, electron beam irradiation modified after, greater than there not being modification, the Interaction enhanced of rubber and filler is described in conjunction with the thickness of glue.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Comparative Examples
The prescription of tread rubber is in this Comparative Examples: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
At first prepare the rubber unvulcanizate of tire tread glue, rubber unvulcanizate under 150 ℃, is vulcanized 30min, make the cross-linked rubber of tread rubber.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of cross-linked rubber sees Table 1.
Embodiment 1
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is 30 ℃, normal pressure, air atmosphere, umber of exposures are 5 times, acceleration voltage is 5MeV, beam intensity is 30mA, irradiation dose is 100kGy, Negotiation speed is the 80m/min clock.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is-10 ℃, normal pressure, air atmosphere, umber of exposures are 100 times, acceleration voltage is 2MeV, beam intensity is 100mA, irradiation dose is 600kGy, Negotiation speed is the 200m/min clock.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 3
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is 100 ℃, normal pressure, nitrogen atmosphere, umber of exposures are 1 time, acceleration voltage is 1MeV, beam intensity is 0.001mA, irradiation dose is 0.001kGy, Negotiation speed is the 0.001m/min clock.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 4
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is-20 ℃, normal pressure, air atmosphere, umber of exposures is 60 times, acceleration voltage is 3MeV, beam intensity is 200mA, irradiation dose is 300kGy, Negotiation speed is the 150m/min clock.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 5
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is 50 ℃, normal pressure, helium atmosphere, umber of exposures are 0 ℃, acceleration voltage is 0.01MeV, beam intensity is 60mA, irradiation dose is 50kGy, Negotiation speed is 30m/min.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 6
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is 15 ℃, normal pressure, air atmosphere, umber of exposures are 20 times, acceleration voltage is 2MeV, beam intensity is 45mA, irradiation dose is 100kGy, Negotiation speed is 50m/min.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 7
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is 50 ℃, normal pressure, air atmosphere, umber of exposures are 70 times, acceleration voltage is 5MeV, beam intensity is 65mA, irradiation dose is 450kGy, Negotiation speed is 30m/min.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 8
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is 25 ℃, normal pressure, nitrogen atmosphere, umber of exposures are 20 times, acceleration voltage is 3.5MeV, beam intensity is 50mA, irradiation dose is 200kGy, Negotiation speed is 45m/min.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 9
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is 35 ℃, normal pressure, air atmosphere, umber of exposures are 60 times, acceleration voltage is 5MeV, beam intensity is 45mA, irradiation dose is 500kGy, Negotiation speed is 80m/min.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Embodiment 10
The prescription of tread rubber is in the present embodiment: natural gum 70phr, butadiene-styrene rubber 30phr, zinc oxide 3phr, stearic acid 3phr, antioxidant 4010NA 2phr, anti-aging agent RD 2phr, solid paraffin 1.5phr, carbon black (N330) 50phr, accelerant CZ 1.1phr, vulkacit D 0.3phr, sulphur 0.5.
The tire tread glue cross-linked rubber is placed on the travelling belt, and travelling belt is finished the irradiation to cross-linked rubber by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber.Cross-linked rubber under the scanning window of rumbatron by the time, irradiation temperature is 20 ℃, normal pressure, air atmosphere, umber of exposures are 5 times, acceleration voltage is 2.5MeV, beam intensity is 30mA, irradiation dose is 150kGy, Negotiation speed is 10m/min.Carry out the properties test by national standard, the physical and mechanical properties parameter of radiation modification tread rubber material sees Table 1.
Table 1
Claims (2)
1. one kind is reduced tire tread glue material rolling resistance and the Electron-beam Modified method that improves wear resisting property, it is characterized in that: the tyre surface of complete cure is carried out radiation modification: the rubber unvulcanizate that at first prepares rubber composite, make cross-linked rubber through hot sulfurization, then cross-linked rubber is placed on the transport unit, by being installed in the scanning window of the electron-beam accelerator in the radiation chamber, realization makes end article to the irradiation of cross-linked rubber; Wherein tyre surface under the scanning window of rumbatron when carrying out irradiation, transfer rate is 0.001-200m/min, rumbatron adopts low-energy electronic accelerator, the acceleration voltage of rumbatron is 0.01-5MeV, the line of rumbatron is 0.001-200mA, and the absorption dose of rubber composite is 0.001-600kGy; Radiation parameter is: temperature is-20 ℃ ~ 100 ℃, and pressure is normal pressure, and irradiation atmosphere is air atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere, finishes the modification of tire tread by 1-100 irradiation.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: by building accelerator installation outward the tire of complete cure is realized off-line irradiation, perhaps increase the rumbatron device at the tire production line and realize continuous online irradiation.
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| CN104292523B (en) * | 2014-10-12 | 2016-02-17 | 怡维怡橡胶研究院有限公司 | The method of instantaneous increase rubber in conjunction with glue content and the rubber item of preparation |
| CN108676214A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-10-19 | 安吉欧也钣金科技有限公司 | Abrasive rubber |
| CN112319140A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-05 | 吉林工程技术师范学院 | Integrated environment-friendly wheel and preparation method thereof |
| CN112319140B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2024-01-26 | 吉林工程技术师范学院 | Integrated environment-friendly wheel and preparation method thereof |
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Inventor after: Liu Li Inventor after: Shen Jing Inventor after: Gao Sihang Inventor after: Zhang Liqun Inventor after: Yang Yusheng Inventor after: Wen Shipeng Inventor before: Liu Li Inventor before: Shen Jing Inventor before: Zhang Liqun Inventor before: Yang Yusheng Inventor before: Wen Shipeng Inventor before: Zhang Fazhong |
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