CN103064116A - System and method for acquisition of marine seismic source - Google Patents

System and method for acquisition of marine seismic source Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103064116A
CN103064116A CN2012103314586A CN201210331458A CN103064116A CN 103064116 A CN103064116 A CN 103064116A CN 2012103314586 A CN2012103314586 A CN 2012103314586A CN 201210331458 A CN201210331458 A CN 201210331458A CN 103064116 A CN103064116 A CN 103064116A
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China
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piston
shell
earthquake
pressure
actuator
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Granted
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CN2012103314586A
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CN103064116B (en
Inventor
L·吕埃
R·道勒
B·泰桑迪耶
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Sercel SAS
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CGG Services SAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/133—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion
    • G01V1/135—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion by deforming or displacing surfaces of enclosures, e.g. by hydraulically driven vibroseis™
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
    • G01V1/005—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design with exploration systems emitting special signals, e.g. frequency swept signals, pulse sequences or slip sweep arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/133—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/143—Generating seismic energy using mechanical driving means, e.g. motor driven shaft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/143—Generating seismic energy using mechanical driving means, e.g. motor driven shaft
    • G01V1/155—Generating seismic energy using mechanical driving means, e.g. motor driven shaft using reciprocating masses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V13/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices covered by groups G01V1/00 – G01V11/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49005—Acoustic transducer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Abstract

The invention provides a system and a method for acquisition of a marine seismic source. A method configured to generate acoustic waves under water and seismic vibro-acoustic source element is disclosed. The seismic vibro-acoustic source element includes an enclosure having first and second openings; first and second pistons configured to close the first and second openings; an actuator system provided inside the enclosure and configured to actuate the first and second pistons to generate a wave having first frequency; and a pressure mechanism attached to the enclosure and configured to control a pressure of a fluid inside the enclosure such that a pressure of the fluid is substantially equal to an ambient pressure of the enclosure.

Description

Obtain the system and method for offshore seismic focus
Technical field
The embodiment of theme disclosed in this invention relates to method and system basically, more specifically, relates to for the mechanism and the technology that generate seismic event.
Background technology
Reflection seismology is a kind of geophysical exploration method of the character in order to a part of determining the earth time top layer, and these character are useful especially information in the oil and natural gas industry.Marine reflection seismology is based on the use of controlled focus, and described controlled focus can pass in the stratum by ripple.Reflect back into a plurality of receiver institute's time spents by measurement, can estimate to cause the degree of depth and/or the composition of the feature of this type of reflection.These features may be associated with the subterranean hydrocarbon sediment.
In order to carry out offshore applications, focus is (for example, pressurized air can expand suddenly) of impact basically.A kind of the most frequently used focus is air gun, and described air gun produces a large amount of acoustic energy at short notice.This kind focus is towed in the water surface or certain degree of depth under water by ship.Sound wave from air gun is propagated in all directions.The typical frequencies scope of the sound wave that sends is between 6 hertz and 300 hertz.Yet the frequency of impact focus forms not exclusively controlled, and depends on that the needs of specific exploration select different focus.In addition, the use of impact focus may cause some safety and environmental problem.
Therefore, spendable another kind of focus is the vibratility focus.Vibratility focus (vibratory source) comprises hydraulic power focus and the focus that uses piezoelectricity or magnetostriction materials, is used in the offshore operations.Yet this type of focus uses on a large scale, because their power is limited, and owing to generates that seismic event needs a large amount of movable members but insecure.A positive aspects of vibratility focus is that the vibratility focus can generate the signal that comprises various frequency bands, is commonly called " frequency sweep ".In other words, the frequency band of this type of focus is compared and can be controlled better with the impact focus.Yet described known vibratility focus does not provide high vertical resolution, because the typical frequencies scope of offshore seismic focus approximately shows as four octaves.Discuss now several examples of this type of focus.
United States Patent (USP) 7,551, No. 518 full content are incorporated among the present invention by reference, a kind of bullet of described content description Zhang Zhenyuan (flextensional source).Described bullet Zhang Zhenyuan comprises the combination of actuator, and described actuator has the flexure system of serving as force transducer.A shortcoming of this system is to need large size with suitable flexible member, thereby prevents described flexible member overstressing.The reliability of this type systematic may also be a weakness, because those compliant members can constantly be subject to influence of crust deformation during acoustic emission.
The full content of international monopoly WO8603015 is incorporated among the present invention by reference, a kind of seismic generator with hydraulically powered piston focus of described content description.Yet use pressurized hydraulic fluid with driven plunger, may threaten environment if occur to leak.
United States Patent (USP) 6,464, No. 035 full content are incorporated among the present invention by reference, a kind of offshore seismic energy focus that draws of described content description, thus in water body, produce strong sweep frequency and pulse code signal.Described fish shape focus half is between pure Vib. and Pulse Source.Described focus is by the system drive of using pressurized hydraulic fluid.Therefore, it has the risk of contaminated environment.Because stroke restriction, described focus belong to weak scanning focus, this is nonconforming, because good focus need to generate the low frequency frequency sweep.
Therefore, at least based on the deficiency of existing focus as mentioned above, need the new focus of exploitation, it will eliminate or reduce described focus to the impact of environment, and will be also more reliable, have the longer life-span, and another octave improves vertical resolution by increasing at least.Therefore, need to provide new system and method to overcome problem described above and defective.
Summary of the invention
According to an exemplary, a kind of earthquake acoustic shock source element (seismic vibro-acoustic source element) that shakes, it is configured to generate sound wave.The described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes comprises the shell with the first opening and second opening; First piston and the second piston, it is configured to seal the first opening and the second opening; Actuator system, it is arranged on enclosure and is configured to activate first piston and the second piston has the ripple of first frequency with generation; And pressure regulating mechanism, it is attached to shell and is configured to control the pressure of fluid in the enclosure, in order to make hydrodynamic pressure be substantially equal to the environmental pressure of shell.
According to another exemplary, produce the submarine earthquake ripple with focus array.Described focus array comprises at least one as mentioned above earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes.
According to another exemplary, there is the shake method of acoustic shock source element of a kind of earthquake that becomes to generate under water sound wave for assembled configuration.Described method comprises the step that the shell with the first opening and second opening is set; The step of actuator is installed by section in the enclosure; First piston and the second piston are attached to actuator system, in this way to seal the step of described the first opening and the second opening; And with pressure regulating mechanism be installed to shell with control enclosure hydrodynamic pressure, in order to make hydrodynamic pressure be substantially equal to the step of the environmental pressure of shell.
According to another exemplary, a kind of method that produces under water sound wave.Described method comprises the step that activates the first stiff piston and the second stiff piston by the actuator system that is arranged on enclosure, has the ripple of first frequency with generation; And activating the step of first piston and the second piston by the pressure regulating mechanism that is attached to shell, the hydrodynamic pressure with the control enclosure makes hydrodynamic pressure be substantially equal to the shell environmental pressure.
According to many exemplary again, a kind of earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes, it is configured to generate sound wave.The described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes comprises the shell with single opening; Be configured to seal the single piston of described single opening; Be arranged on enclosure and be configured to activate single piston has the ripple of first frequency with generation actuator system; And be attached to shell and be configured to control the pressure regulating mechanism of the pressure of the fluid in the shell, in order to make hydrodynamic pressure in the shell be substantially equal to the environmental pressure of shell.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is incorporated in the instructions and has been consisted of the part of instructions, and described accompanying drawing illustrates one or more embodiment, and with instructions these embodiments is described.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is according to the shake synoptic diagram of acoustic shock source element of the earthquake of an exemplary;
Fig. 2 is according to the shake synoptic diagram of acoustic shock source element of the earthquake of another exemplary;
Fig. 3 is the curve map of the stroke of piston when being activated by electromagnetic actuators according to exemplary diagram, and described electromagnetic actuators is comprised of the earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes;
Fig. 4 is the curve map of the stroke of piston when being activated by electromagnetic actuators and pressure regulating mechanism according to exemplary diagram, and described electromagnetic actuators and pressure regulating mechanism are comprised of the earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes;
Fig. 5 is according to the shake synoptic diagram of acoustic shock source element of another earthquake of exemplary;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram according to the focus of a plurality of acoustic shock source elements that shake of having of exemplary;
Fig. 7 is according to the shake synoptic diagram of acoustic shock source element of another earthquake of exemplary;
Fig. 8 is used for the shake a kind of process flow diagram of method of acoustic shock source element of assembling earthquake according to exemplary;
Fig. 9 is used for using the described earthquake a kind of process flow diagram of method of acoustic shock source element that shakes according to exemplary;
Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram of control system.
Embodiment
Below the description of exemplary is carried out with reference to accompanying drawing.The same or analogous element of identical designated in the difference diagram.Below detailed description is not construed as limiting the present invention, and scope of the present invention is defined by claims.For the sake of simplicity, in the discussion of following embodiment about the acoustics focus, electromagnetism and pneumatic driven plunger such term and structure have been used.Yet the embodiment that next will discuss is not limited to this structure, but can be applicable to be configured to generate other structures of the ripple with controlled frequency scope.
Running through " embodiment " or the meaning of " embodiment " that this instructions mentions is that special characteristic, structure or the characteristic described in conjunction with this embodiment are to be included at least one embodiment of theme of the present disclosure.Therefore, phrase " in one embodiment " or " in embodiments " running through this instructions and occurring, may not refer to same specific embodiments everywhere.In addition, described special characteristic, structure or characteristic can in any suitable manner combinations in one or more embodiments.
According to exemplary, a kind of have a shake focus array of acoustic shock source element of one or more earthquakes, and the described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes is the unit that can produce sound wave.Focus array can comprise one or more earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes.For the sake of simplicity, next the shake situation of acoustic shock source element of an earthquake only is discussed.The term of below using " earthquake shake acoustic shock source element " is interchangeable with term " acoustic shock source element shakes ".The earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes can have the electromagnetic linear actuator system, and this electromagnetic linear actuator system is configured to drive a piston (or pair of pistons).Yet described actuator system may have hydraulic pressure or piezo-activator replaces electromagnetic actuators.The described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes also can comprise pressure regulating mechanism, and it utilizes pressure to regulate with the outside hydrostatic pressure of balance, so that the operating load on the electromagnetic actuator system reduces.The power that described pressure regulating mechanism also can be used to provide additional is to piston, and the output of lower frequency sound.
The described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes can have the radiation piston of radiated wave, and described piston can have the axostylus axostyle of axial guiding, is directly activated by actuator system.Described piston can be rigidity, and namely it is not flexible as in No. 7551518, United States Patent (USP).In other words, when the part of piston with respect to another part of piston be do not move the time, piston is rigidity.Local control system can be arranged on the earthquake element place, acoustic shock source that shakes and control electromagnetic actuator system and pressure regulating mechanism, thereby realizes the shake real-time control of acoustic shock source element of earthquake.Real-time local control system like this can be configured to adjust continuously or intermittently earthquake and shake the performance of acoustic shock source element with the output of coupling expectation.In an application, cooling system can be set with the cooling electric magnetic actuator system.Water around described cooling system can utilize is to realize refrigerating function.Discuss now the more details of all these characteristics in exemplary.
According to exemplary (as shown in Figure 1), the earthquake of the earthquake source acoustic shock source element 10 that shakes comprises shell 20, and described shell 20 impales electromagnetic actuator system 40 with piston 30 and 32 and itself and the surrounding environment 50 that may be water are separated.Although Fig. 1 shows two movably pistons 30 and 32, it should be noted that the acoustic shock source element that shakes can only have a movably piston (as discussing after a while).Described shell 20 has the first opening 22 and the second opening 24, and these two openings are configured to by piston 30 and piston 32 sealings.Electromagnetic actuator system 40 is configured in the opposite direction simultaneously driven plunger 30 and piston 32 to generate seismic event.In an application, piston 30 and piston 32 are rigidity.Electromagnetic actuator system 40 can comprise two or more independently electromagnetic actuators 42 and electromagnetic actuators 44.No matter used how many electromagnetic actuators independently in acoustic shock source element 10 is shaken in single earthquake, described actuator all arranges and is configured to act on simultaneously in the opposite direction corresponding piston in couples in order to prevent shake " waving " motion of acoustic shock source element 10 of earthquake.Noticing aspect this, when generating ripple " waving " described earthquake shake acoustic shock in a steady stream element 10 be undesirable because when its when quilt is towed in water the earthquake acoustic shock of shaking should follow predetermined path in the position of element in a steady stream.
The shake sound output of acoustic shock source element of earthquake is depended in the size of electromagnetic actuators and configuration.Fig. 1 has shown the wall 46 between two actuators 42 and 44, and described wall 46 needn't be at actuator system 40 middle parts.In addition, in one embodiment, two actuators 42 and 44 form single unit, and do not have the interface between these two actuators.In Another application, described two actuators 42 and 44 are spaced from each other within a predetermined distance, as shown in Figure 2.Also in Another application, actuator system 40 is attached to shell 20 by annex 48.Described annex 48 can be the column type structure.In an application, annex 48 can be the wall that shell 20 is divided into the first chamber 20a and the second chamber 20b.If annex 48 is walls, so described actuator 42 and actuator 44 can be attached to wall 48, perhaps can be attached to by other means shell 20 according to the mode that actuator 42 and actuator 44 do not contact wall 48.
To move in order to generate the ability of seismic event in order providing with respect to shell 20 to piston 30 and piston 32, between piston and shell, to be provided with sealing mechanism 60.Described sealing mechanism 60 can be configured to sliding before and after the piston.Described sealing mechanism 60 can be made by elastomeric material, perhaps can be the metal flexible structure.In Another application, sealing mechanism 60 can be sealing gland or fluid-tight.Sealing gland (air bearing sealing) is configured to the at the interface injecting gas between shell and piston, enters in the shell to prevent Environmental Water.Fluid-tight can be between shell and piston at the interface use (for example) ferrofluid, enter in the shell to prevent Environmental Water.Those skilled in the art will realize that and to use other sealings.
Described embodiment (as shown in Figure 1) also can comprise pressure regulating mechanism 70.Described pressure regulating mechanism 70 can be with so that the pressure equilibrium of the fluid that the external pressure of surrounding environment 50 and shell 20 impale, thereby reduces the working load of actuator system 40.Notice, if the pressure of surrounding environment at point 72 places (in piston 30 fronts) is substantially equal to fluid 73 that shell 20 impales at the pressure at point 74 places, the working load of actuator system 40 can all generate sound wave in order to power piston so, rather than some working load will be used for overcoming the some environmental pressure at 72 places.The fluid that impales 73 of described shell 20 can be air or other gas or mixed gas.
Pressure regulating mechanism 70 can be pneumatic mechanism, namely activates described mechanism with air.Pressure regulating mechanism 70 can fluid media (medium) be connected to and towing shake pressure source (not shown) on the ship of acoustic shock source element 10 of earthquake.Pressure regulating mechanism 70 also can be configured to provide additional power at piston 30 and 32, for example, with lower frequency, thus increase earthquake shake acoustic shock source element sound output and expanded the shake frequency spectrum of acoustic shock source element of earthquake.
Embodiment shown in Figure 1 can be used single axostylus axostyle 80 and 82 by each piston, and actuating movement is transferred to piston 30 and piston 32 from actuator system 40.Yet each piston can use more than one axostylus axostyle, and this depends on the shake requirement of acoustic shock source element of earthquake.For axostylus axostyle 80 can be moved reposefully with respect to shell 20 (for example, to prevent the oscillating motion of axostylus axostyle), guidance system 90 can be set.
In an application, actuator system 40 can Heat of Formation.This heat may affect the motion of axostylus axostyle and/or the operation of actuator system.For this reason, can cooling system 94 be set at the earthquake element place, acoustic shock source that shakes.As discussing after a while, cooling system 94 can be configured to heat is delivered to surrounding environment 50 from actuator system 40.
Expectation piston 30 and piston 32 generate the output with predetermined spectrum.In order to control this output, can be with respect to shell 20 inner, outside, or simultaneously inside and outside, local control system 100 is set.Described local control system 100 can be configured to work in real time to proofread and correct the shake output of acoustic shock source element 10 of earthquake.Therefore, local control system 100 can comprise one or more processors, and these processors are connected to shake sensor that the state of acoustic shock source element 10 monitors and give an order to actuator system 40 and/or pressure regulating mechanism 70 of earthquake.
In order to discuss the earthquake of discussing above each more details of acoustic shock source element of shaking, and the shake operator scheme of acoustic shock source element of this kind earthquake is set, the detailed earthquake acoustic shock source element 200 that shakes is provided among Fig. 2 now.Yet this detailed earthquake acoustic shock source element 200 that shakes should not be understood to limit the applicability of the feature of the novelty of discussing herein.
As shown in Figure 2, except a few exceptions, the described earthquake acoustic shock source element 200 that shakes is similar to earthquake and shakes acoustic shock source element 10(as shown in Figure 1).For example, actuator system 40 has an actuator 42 that is arranged on fully among the first chamber 20a, has simultaneously another actuator 44 that is arranged on fully among the second chamber 20b.To wall 48 predetermined distance B places actuator 42 and actuator 44 are being set, wherein D is equal to or greater than zero.Support tool 202(for example, pillar, bar, bolt, mechanical part, etc.) and 204 arrange to each actuator, with respect to shell 20 supporting actuators.
Described actuator 42 and actuator 44 are main drivers, its with predetermined stroke linearly, power piston reciprocally, the ripple that has the frequency bandwidth (for example, 4 to 32 hertz) of expectation with generation.Each linear actuators is made by moving-member and fixed part, and one in them contains permanent passive magnet, and another contains the have source coil of electric current from wherein passing through.The power that this actuator produces is directly proportional with the electric current that cycles through coil block.In magnet or the coil any one all can be mobile parts, and another is fixed.Other known electromagnetic actuators can be used.
Drive shaft rod 80 and 82 is configured to directly transmit actuation force to piston 30 and piston 32 from actuator 42 and actuator 44 respectively.Described axostylus axostyle is configured to prevent off-axis deformation, and namely described axostylus axostyle is to be made and/or by the guide rail setting by rigid material.In an application, axostylus axostyle is rigidity (for example, being made by iron and steel), and is hard, and it can have circle, rectangle or foursquare section.Certainly, can use other sections.In a variant, this axostylus axostyle also can be divided into, and for example, three axostylus axostyles are installed so that transmissibility and the further off-axis rigidity that increases to be in 120 degree.Other layout also is possible.
By assisting of guidance system 90, described axostylus axostyle 80 and axostylus axostyle 82 can be realized the axially-movable of piston 30 and 32, and prevent off-axis deformation.For example, Fig. 2 has shown two guide element 90a and the guide element 90b around axostylus axostyle 80.Guide element more or less can be used.Described guide element is configured to realize this task, can not worsen too soon or wearing and tearing or damage axostylus axostyle.For example guide element can use air cushion mechanism, liquid pad or by the contact of Metal Ball and/or roller.In an application, guide element can comprise that ball bearing is with contact and guiding axostylus axostyle.
Described axostylus axostyle 80(axostylus axostyle 82 also is) can be equipped with end and stop (end-stop) mechanism 210.End shut-down mechanism 210 is configured to stop the axially-movable (X-axis in the figure) of axostylus axostyle, namely prevents the displacement that axostylus axostyle is excessive.This mechanism can be made by hard material, and can comprise that some damping layers are with the damping impulsive force.In an application, end shut-down mechanism 210 can comprise first 212 and one or two block 214 that is attached on the axostylus axostyle 80, the motion that its restriction is first 212.Other layout also is possible.
Piston 30 is attached to an end (similar to piston 32 and axostylus axostyle 82) of axostylus axostyle 80.Piston 30 is rigidity, and makes by surpassing the indeformable material of required bandwidth.Piston 30 can have circle, sphere or other shape of cross section.The shape of piston 30 and size be with such design, the working load that raising sound output simultaneous minimization is caused by the quality of Environmental Water.
As about the described embodiment of Fig. 1, the fluid 73 that is limited in shell 20 inside can be air.This fluid 73 is by the outside liquid static pressure of pressure regulating mechanism 70 pressurizations with balance environment (water).As being discussed after a while, described fluid 73 also serves as flexible member.According to different application, extra mechanical elastic body may be essential, and it will directly be added on the axostylus axostyle or on the piston.
For anti-sealing enters into shell 20 inside, sealing 60a and sealing 60b are arranged between each piston and the shell 20.Sealing 60a shown in Fig. 2 and sealing 60b can be made by elastomeric material, and described sealing is flexible, and it allows piston to move around along X-axis, does not allow water to enter into shell 20 inside.
Just as discussed above, pneumatic regulating system 70 can have dual-use function.Pneumatic regulating system 70 is controlled at the pressure of the fluid 73 of shell 20 inside, makes it be substantially equal to environmental pressure.For this reason, differential pressure pickup 76 can arrange to determine pressure differential, for example, and point 72 and putting between 74.In this way, described pneumatic regulating system 70 can allow the air under pressure to enter or withdraw from shell 20 with equalized pressure.Air under pressure can be supplied to provide by the outside, for example from pipeline or the flexible pipe of seismic vessel.Excessive air pressure can be released to shell 20 outsides, for example, and directly to environment or turn back on the ship.Pressure regulating mechanism 70 can be configured to along with external pressure changes the pressure of regulating shell 20 inside, and described external pressure changes because wave or change in depth cause.
Second optional function of pressure regulating mechanism 70 be under lower frequency (for example, less than 4 hertz) by extra power driven plunger (30 and 32).Therefore, piston 30 can generate to have because the ripple of the kinetic first frequency of actuator system 40, and has because the ripple of the second frequency that the pressure of the increase that produces by pressure regulating mechanism 70 or minimizing causes.In other words, described piston can generate at least two different frequencies simultaneously, and a frequency is by actuator system 40 controls, and another frequency is by pressure regulating mechanism 70 controls.This advantage of the acoustic shock source element that shakes of described novelty is discussed after a while.
In earthquake control system 100 is set with shaking element 200 places, acoustic shock source.Control system 100 is responsible for one or more functions.For example, control system 100 is connected to the sensor (for example, piston position and acceleration) 102 of the signal that produces for the measurement piston.Then, control system 100 compares measured signal and performance and wanted signal and performance thereof.If not mating greater than predetermined threshold value between these elements, control system 100 can order actuator system 40 to change the electric current of driving actuator 42 and actuator 44 locally.Similarly, control system 100 can be configured to from differential pressure pickup 76 reception information, and is configured to determine set up what kind of pressure with the balance environmental pressure in shell 20 inside.In addition, control system 100 can be configured to controlled pressure governor motion 70, so that frequency drives piston 30 and piston 32 to expect.
Fig. 2 has shown that control system 100 comprises processor 104, and described processor 104 is connected to pressure regulating mechanism 70, actuator 42 and actuator 44, and be connected to power amplifier 106.Power amplifier 106 is configured to be converted to the required electric current that is applied on actuator 42 and the actuator 44 with receiving electric power from electric port one 08.Control system 100 also comprises any electronic package 110 of supporting power transfer described above, in real time control, sensing and telemetry function.Control system 100 can be arranged in the outer cover (housing), described outer cover can be sealed and environmental sealing, arrive described control system to prevent water.Described control system 100 can leave in this outer cover that basically is under the atmospheric pressure.Data and command port 112 can be set so that the exchanges data between promotion control system 100 and the ship.
According to exemplary, cooling system 94 can comprise the first heat exchanger 94a and the second heat exchanger 94b.The first heat exchanger 94a can be arranged on the actuator 42 to remove heat from described actuator.The second heat exchanger 94b can be arranged on the shell 20, so that outside from the actuator heat of transfer to focus.Fluid 73 can be used as working fluid, so that heat is transferred to the second heat exchanger 94b from the first heat exchanger 94a.Can be arranged between the first and second heat exchangers with the piping system of the special use of its oneself working fluid and to come heat of transfer.
The shake possible embodiment of acoustic shock source element of the earthquake of having described has the feature of a plurality of novelties, discusses now a shake feature of acoustic shock source element of earthquake.Control system 100 can comprise, following will the description, processor and memory storage.Instruction (for example, software) can be downloaded in the control system 100, perhaps shakes before acoustic shock source element portion is deployed under water in earthquake, perhaps shakes before acoustic shock source element towed in earthquake, controls various activities, next discusses.Such activity is, keeps the shake pressure equilibrium of acoustic shock source element internal of environment and earthquake.Control system order pressure regulating mechanism is carried out this function.If the pressure of shell 20 inside is less than the pressure of environment, described pressure regulating mechanism allows more pressure to enter shell 20 from pressure port 78.If the pressure of shell 20 inside is greater than the pressure of environment, the part of the fluid of section is allowed to withdraw from shell in the enclosure, in order to reduce the internal pressure of described shell.
Control system 100 also is configured to control actuator system 40.Notice that as top control system 100 can have the instruction that is stored in the local storage with the control actuator system, and processor can order suitable element to realize this function.For example, processor can order actuator system 40 to send the driving signal of power, and (for example, the signal of scanning or other type) moves back and forth by axially pushing away and drawing to guide axostylus axostyle.In this way, the piston that is attached to axostylus axostyle is actuated to apply acoustic pressure in order to generate the sound wave of expectation in the environment around.
The quality (except other side, it depends on the area of piston) of the frequency of the expectation that the displacement of piston depends on available power from electromagnetic actuator system 40, be issued, the water that promoted by piston and the elastic stiffness of the fluid of section in the enclosure.For minimum frequency, the displacement of piston can and mechanically be limited by end shut-down mechanism entity.Along with the increase of frequency, displacement can reduce rapidly and becomes very soon almost ignores, although the power that actuator provides may be near maximal value.
In this, Fig. 3 illustrates the stroke of electromagnetic actuators as the variation of the function of the earthquake wave frequency of sending by piston.Notice, the maximum stroke of about 15% expectation of bandwidth, and the remainder of bandwidth does not use whole advantages of available stroke.Notice that also along with the earthquake wave frequency of sending increases, described stroke reduces rapidly, shown in curve 300.
In this basic manipulation mode, pressure regulating mechanism need not generate low-frequency earthquake waves.Pressure regulating mechanism is configured to this basic manipulation mode, an inside and outside pressure of balance shell.For basic manipulation mode, the earthquake frequency (being presented among Fig. 2) that acoustic shock source element sends of shaking is 4 to 32 hertz.Similarly design can be used for generating the seismic event (for example, 32 to 300 hertz) of higher frequency.Shake acoustic shock source arrangements of components of earthquake shown in Figure 2 becomes with opposite direction at (side by side) mobile piston 30 of identical time and piston 32.In this way, earthquake is shaken and is not had clean power (net force) on the element of acoustic shock source undesirable " waving " appears in acoustic shock source element so that earthquake is shaken.
The described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes does not use hydraulic fluid or oil, and is the focus that pollutes still less therefore.Acoustic shock source component failure or fault even earthquake is shaken do not have the hydraulic pressure material to be discharged in the environment yet.In addition, the earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes is the system of a highly linear.Therefore, the existing focus of the mass ratio of output signal is better, and does not have essential signal cleaning process.The described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes has little volume, for example, and 1000 liters of every pistons.The described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes does not rely on deformation component such as traditional focus yet, and it is to lose efficacy easily in essence.Therefore, the shake life and reliability of acoustic shock source element of earthquake is improved.
The earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes also may operate in the higher level operation pattern.The performance of the low frequency drive signal that described higher level operation pattern is overlapping with operation and high-frequency driving signal is added in the basic manipulation mode, as shown in Figure 4.More specifically, the frequency that provides when electromagnetic actuators increases and the displacement of piston when reducing, and such as the curve 302 among Fig. 4, pneumatic actuator moves the low frequency drive signal overlapping with high-frequency driving signal simultaneously, such as the curve 304 among Fig. 4.In this way, along with the axostylus axostyle stroke for high-frequency driving signal reduces, pressure regulating mechanism utilizes remaining stroke operation low frequency drive signal.Such action has strengthened all-bottom sound output in the situation that the acoustic shock source element that shakes with respect to electromagnetic actuators with for earthquake is not paid.Notice that the low frequency drive signal of pressure regulating mechanism can increase the shake low-frequency range of acoustic shock source element of earthquake, for example, is created in the seismic event of 0 to 4 hertz of scope.
In an application, control system is configured to driving machine electrical actuator system and pressure regulating mechanism, so that piston 30 produces two kinds of ripples with different frequencies simultaneously.
The lower rigidity of acoustic shock source elements relative because the large tracts of land (it serves as efficient pressure for force transducer) of piston and earthquake are shaken is quite little from the required change of pneumatic pressure of air operated controller, and need not higher air-flow can satisfy.
The top earthquake of discussing shake acoustic shock source element a kind of variant as shown in Figure 5.According to this exemplary, the earthquake of the focus array acoustic shock source element 500 that shakes has with the acoustic shock source element 200 that shakes of earthquake as shown in Figure 2 and compares the stroke of increase.The shake stroke restriction of acoustic shock source element 200 of described earthquake mainly is that mechanical constraint by electromagnetic actuator system 40 causes.Yet, if separating, shell 20 is front casing 502 and rear casing 504, and the restriction of the combined stroke of system can increase so, and in this manner, actuator 42, guidance system 90 and end shut-down mechanism 210 are installed in the front casing 502.Inwall 540 is from rear casing 504 isolation front casings 502.Notice, front casing 502 together with rear casing 504 corresponding to the first chamber 20a among Fig. 2.The second chamber 20b is not shown among Fig. 5, but should understand described the second chamber 20b and have the structure identical with the first chamber 20a, and described the second chamber 20b is arranged symmetrically with respect to line 506, the acoustic shock source element 500 so that the first chamber 20a and the earthquake of the second chamber 20b composition are shaken.Therefore, only on chamber 20a, the structure that is appreciated that chamber 20b is identical to the emphasis of following discussion.
Additional sealing 520 places between front casing 502 and the rear casing 504, so that front casing 502 can move with respect to rear casing 504.Notice that the rear wall 526 of the first chamber 20a is fixed with respect to the earthquake acoustic shock source element 500 that shakes.In other words, shell 20 is divided into fixed part 530(, and it is corresponding with rear casing 504, and fixes) and movable part 532(it is corresponding with front casing 502), described movable part 532 together with its content (for example is configured to, actuator 42) together, move with respect to fixed part 530.Inwall 540 is from rear casing 504 isolation front casings 502, and described inwall 540 has passage 542, and it allows the fluid between rear casing and the front casing to circulate.Therefore, the at a slow speed pressure between front casing and the rear casing changes and can by a shell to another shell, change fast and then can not.
It is fixed parts with respect to front casing 502 for described actuator 42() be installed in the front casing, and be attached to described front casing, so that the fixed part of actuator 42 is mobile with front casing 502.In order to control the motion of whole actuator 42, axostylus axostyle 541 is attached to the fixed part of actuator 42.Described axostylus axostyle arranges by guide mechanism 542, and it can be similar to shown in Figure 2 with end shut-down mechanism 544() provide.In this way, when the pressure of the fluid in rear casing 504 increased, whole driver 42 moved forward along the opposite direction of axle X, thereby eliminated or minimize the swing of actuator 42.
Therefore, in this embodiment, electromagnetic actuator system 40 and pressure adjusting mechanism 70 move serially, rather than concurrently action as shown in Figure 2.In other words, if actuator system 40 makes piston 30 translocation distance d1, pressure adjusting mechanism 70 further makes piston 30 translocation distance d2, so piston is shifted always apart from d1+d2.Be also noted that according to this embodiment when pressure regulating mechanism 70 was activated, actuator system 40 was shifted apart from d2.When pressure regulating mechanism 70 superchargings or decompression rear casing 504, this layout allows whole front casing 502, actuator system 40 and piston 30 to move, and utilizes the full stroke of actuator system 40.Described actuator system 40 also can be with its oneself stroke driven plunger 30.
The shake class of operation of acoustic shock source element 500 of earthquake is similar to the shake operation of acoustic shock source element 200 of earthquake, except when when reducing corresponding to the stroke of high-frequency driving signal, low frequency drive signal does not need to be employed.
Have the shake focus array 600 of acoustic shock source element 602 and 604 of a pair of earthquake and comprise that the piston of four movements has replaced two, it is shown among Fig. 6.According to this exemplary, piston 30 and 32 is activated simultaneously, and piston 30' and 32' are also activated simultaneously.Described two pairs of pistons can simultaneously or side by side not activated.As in the embodiment of being correlated with at Fig. 2 or discussed in Fig. 5 embodiment of being correlated with, for every a pair of piston is provided with corresponding actuator system.The piston that surpasses two pairs can be used.
Fig. 7 has shown a kind of alternative acoustic shock source element that shakes.The acoustic shock source element 700 that shakes comprises a movably piston 710, and described piston 710 forms chamber 714 with shell 712.Chamber 714 has and is configured to receive the movably opening 715 of piston 710.Wall 720 closures 712, and electromechanical actuator 722 is arranged on wall 714 inside, for example, is attached on the wall 720.Bar 724 is connected to piston 710, and is activated by actuator 722.Guidance system 728 can arrange guide bar 724.Sealing 730 is arranged between piston 710 and the shell 712 in case the medium in the stop ring border 740 mixes with the medium 742 of chamber 714.Be similar to cooling system 94(as shown in Figure 1) cooling system 750 can arrange.At element 700 places, acoustic shock source that shake control system 755 and pneumatic mechanism 760 can be set further, with the motion of control piston 710.Therefore, the embodiment that shows among this figure is similar to the embodiment that shows among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, except only have one movably piston be arranged at the whole acoustic shock source element that shakes.
According to exemplary shown in Figure 8, have a kind ofly for the shake method of acoustic shock source element 10 of assembling earthquake, the described acoustic shock source arrangements of components of shaking becomes to generate under water sound wave.Described method comprises step 800, and the shell 20 with the first opening 22 and second opening 24 is set; Step 802 is at the shell 20 inner electromagnetic actuators 40 of installing; Step 804 is attached to electromagnetic actuators 40 with the first stiff piston 30 and the second stiff piston 32, in this way to seal described the first opening 22 and the second opening 24; With step 806, pressure regulating mechanism 70 is installed to shell 20 with the hydrodynamic pressure of control shell 20 inside, like this in order to make hydrodynamic pressure be substantially equal to the environmental pressure of shell.
According to another exemplary shown in Figure 9, a kind of method that produces under water sound wave, described method comprises, step 900, the electromagnetic actuator system 40 by being arranged on shell 20 inside activate the first stiff pistons 30 and the second stiff piston 32 have first frequency with generation ripple; With step 902, by being attached to shell 20 with the hydrodynamic pressure of control shell 20 inside, like this so that the pressure regulating mechanism 70 that makes hydrodynamic pressure be substantially equal to the shell environmental pressure activates the first stiff piston 30 and the second stiff piston 32.
The example of the representational control system that can operate consistent with exemplary mentioned above as shown in figure 10.Hardware, firmware, software or their combination can be used for carrying out various step described herein and operation.Control system 1000 shown in Figure 10 is exemplary network structures, and it can be used to therewith kind system connection.
The exemplary control system 1000 that is suitable for carrying out the activity described in the exemplary can comprise server 1001.This kind server 1001 can comprise central processing unit (CPU) 1002, and described central processing unit (CPU) 1002 is connected to random-access memory (ram) 1004 and arrives ROM (read-only memory) (ROM) 1006.ROM (read-only memory) 1006 also can be in order to the medium of stored program other types, for example programmable read-only memory (prom), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM (EPROM), etc.Described processor 1002 can be by I/O (I/O) circuit 1008 and bus connection 1010 and other inside and outside component communications, so that control signal etc. to be provided.For example, processor 1002 can be communicated by letter with sensor, electromagnetic actuator system and/or pressure regulating mechanism.Processor 1002 is implemented as known in the art by software and/or the indicated various functions of firmware instructions.
Described server 1001 also can comprise one or more data storage devices, comprises hard disk and floppy disk 1012, CD-ROM drive 1014, and other hardware that can read and/or store information (for example, DVD) etc.In one embodiment, can store and be distributed in CD-ROM1016, diskette 1 018 or can store the other forms of media of information in Portable ground for the software that carries out above-mentioned steps.These mediums can be inserted in the devices such as CD-ROM drive 1014, disc driver 1012 and by described device and read.Server 1001 can be connected to display 1020, and described display 1020 can be the known display of any type or present screen, for example, and LCD display, plasma scope, cathode ray tube (CRT) etc.User's input interface 1022 is set, comprises one or more user interface mechanism, such as mouse, keyboard, microphone, Trackpad, touch-screen, speech recognition system etc.
Server 1001 can be via network connection to other calculation elements, for example equipment on the ship.Described server can be such as the part than the macroreticular configuration in the Internet 1028 nets such as Global Regional such as grade (GAN), thereby allows finally to be connected to various landlines and/or mobile client/monitor apparatus.
To recognize also that such as the those skilled in the art exemplary can be embodied in radio communication device, the communication network, be presented as a kind of method, or be embodied in the computer program.Therefore, can to take be the embodiment of hardware or the form that has made up the embodiment of hardware and software aspect to exemplary entirely.In addition, exemplary can take to be stored in the form of the computer program on the computer-readable storage medium, has comprised computer-readable instruction in the wherein said media.Any suitable computer-readable media be can utilize, hard disk, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD), light storage device comprised, or magnetic memory apparatus, for example floppy disk or tape.Other limiting examples of computer-readable media comprise the storer of flash type memory or other known types.
The exemplary that discloses provides a kind of like this focus, shake acoustic shock source element and be used for producing with improved frequency spectrum the method for submarine earthquake ripple of earthquake.Should be understood that this describes does not wish to limit the present invention.On the contrary, set replacement scheme, modification and the equivalent that is included in the spirit and scope of the present invention that define such as appended claims of containing of exemplary.In addition, in the detailed description of exemplary, numerous specific detail have been stated so that the invention that complete understanding is advocated.Yet, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, can in the situation without this type of specific detail, put into practice various embodiments.
Although the feature of current exemplary and element are to be described in a plurality of embodiments with particular combinations, do not rely on other features and the element of embodiment but each feature or element can use separately, perhaps can in the situation that has or do not have other features disclosed herein and element, use with various combinations.
This instructions has used the example of the theme that discloses, and makes any those skilled in the art can both put into practice described theme, comprises making and using any device or system and carry out any method of incorporating into.The patentable scope of theme is defined by claims, and can comprise other examples that the those skilled in the art expects.The set scope that belongs to claims of these type of other examples.

Claims (10)

1. an earthquake that is configured to generate sound wave acoustic shock source element that shakes, the described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes comprises:
Shell, described shell have the first opening and the second opening;
First piston and the second piston, described first piston becomes described the first opening of sealing and the second opening with the second cylinder configuration;
Actuator system, described actuator system are arranged on described enclosure and are configured to activate first piston and the second piston has the ripple of first frequency with generation; And
Pressure regulating mechanism, described pressure regulating mechanism are attached to described shell and are configured to control the pressure of the fluid in the shell so that hydrodynamic pressure is substantially equal to the environmental pressure of shell.
2. the earthquake that is configured to the to generate sound wave according to claim 1 acoustic shock source element that shakes, it further comprises:
Wall, described wall are configured to described shell is divided into the first chamber and the second chamber,
Wherein said actuator system is electromagnetic actuator system, and described electromagnetic actuator system comprises:
The first actuator, described the first actuator are arranged in described the first chamber; And
The second actuator, described the second actuator are arranged in described the second chamber,
Wherein said the first actuator and the second actuator are configured to act on simultaneously described first piston and the second piston.
3. the earthquake that is configured to the to generate sound wave according to claim 2 acoustic shock source element that shakes, it further comprises:
The first axostylus axostyle, described the first axostylus axostyle is connected to described the first actuator with described first piston; With
The second axostylus axostyle, described the second axostylus axostyle is connected to described the second actuator with described the second piston.
4. the earthquake that is configured to the to generate sound wave according to claim 3 acoustic shock source element that shakes, it further comprises:
The first guidance system, described guidance system are configured to guide vertically described the first axostylus axostyle.
5. the earthquake that is configured to the to generate sound wave according to claim 1 acoustic shock source element that shakes, it further comprises:
Cooling system, described cooling system is configured to cool off described actuator system.
6. the earthquake that is configured to the to generate sound wave according to claim 1 acoustic shock source element that shakes, it further comprises:
Control system, described set-up of control system are on described shell or in described enclosure and be configured to control described actuator system and described pressure regulating mechanism.
7. focus array that is used for generating the submarine earthquake ripple, described focus array comprises:
At least one earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes, the wherein said earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes comprises:
Shell, described shell have the first opening and the second opening;
First piston and the second piston, described first piston becomes described the first opening of sealing and the second opening with the second cylinder configuration;
Actuator system, described actuator system are arranged on enclosure and are configured to activate first piston and the second piston has the ripple of first frequency with generation; With
Pressure regulating mechanism, described pressure regulating mechanism are attached to shell and are configured to be controlled at the hydrodynamic pressure of enclosure so that hydrodynamic pressure is substantially equal to the environmental pressure of shell.
8. assemble the shake method of acoustic shock source element of the earthquake that generates underwater sound wave for one kind, described method comprises:
Shell with the first opening and second opening is provided;
In described enclosure actuator is installed;
First piston and the second piston are attached to described actuator system, in this way to seal described the first opening and the second opening; With
The setting pressure governor motion to described shell in order to be controlled at the hydrodynamic pressure of described enclosure so that hydrodynamic pressure is substantially equal to the environmental pressure of described shell.
9. method that is used for generating underwater sound wave, described method comprises:
Activate the first stiff piston and the second stiff piston generates the ripple with first frequency by the actuator system that is arranged on enclosure; With
Activate described first piston and the second piston by the pressure regulating mechanism that is attached to described shell, with the pressure of the fluid that is controlled at described enclosure so that described hydrodynamic pressure is substantially equal to the environmental pressure of described shell.
10. an earthquake that is configured to generate sound wave acoustic shock source element that shakes, the described earthquake acoustic shock source element that shakes comprises:
Shell, described shell has single opening;
Single piston, described single piston is configured to seal described single opening;
Actuator system, described actuator system are arranged on enclosure and are configured to activate described single piston has first frequency with generation ripple; With
Pressure regulating mechanism, described pressure regulating mechanism are attached to shell and are configured to be controlled at the hydrodynamic pressure of enclosure so that hydrodynamic pressure is substantially equal to the environmental pressure of shell.
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