CN103061888A - Wet compression method for small and medium size turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wet compression method for small and medium size turbines, belonging to the technical field of aircraft power machinery, power output machinery, and power generation machinery. According to the present invention, at the inlet of the turbine, and the upstream of a compressor, a jetting device is adopted for jetting atomized organic droplets in the moving air that enters the small and medium size turbine in a direction perpendicular to the air moving direction; the diameter of the organic droplets is calculated according to the following formula: wherein, d is the average droplet diameter of the atomized organic droplets, S is the axial length of the compressor 1, V 1 is the air flow rate at a compressor inlet, kappa is the evaporation coefficient of the organic droplets, and pi is the pi constant. The method of the present invention has a wide application range, improves the efficiency of the turbine thermal cycle, increases the output power of the turbine, broadens the application range of wet compression technology, and reduces requirements for jet technology, wherein the droplet particle diameter can be larger than a sprayed water droplet.

Description

A kind of middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method

Technical field

The invention belongs to aircraft dynamic power machine, power stage machinery, generating field of mechanical technique, particularly a kind of middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method.

Background technique

As everyone knows, water spray can increase the gas turbine output power in the working medium of large-scale gas turbine, and this method is applied to the gas turbine power generation field, generally is referred to as wet compression technology.Increase the reason of output power, generally be summarized as: the one, because the water that increases evaporation, cooling effect has reduced power input to compressor, the 2nd, steam helps fuel gas buring; The 3rd, the mass flow rate increase by turbine blade has improved output power.

Industrial generating generally adopts the form of water spraying atomization, formation droplet to participate in compression process with large-scale gas turbine.Because the large-scale gas turbine axial dimension is long, flow velocity is relatively low in the gas compressor, and water droplets has sufficiently long time evaporation.Therefore, large-scale gas turbine employing water spray Wet Compression is feasible.

Yet, the centering small turbomachine, comprise aerial turbo fan, turbojet, turbine shaft, turboprop engine, combustion gas Starter, especially medium and small Micro-Aviation Engine, gas compressor flows to length and is far smaller than generating and use large-scale gas turbine, and the speed air flow in the gas compressor is higher with the interior flowing velocity of large-scale gas turbine than generating.If before middle-size and small-size turbo machine, spray water, water droplet has little time evaporation and just is inhaled into the firing chamber in gas compressor, not only do not have the purpose of Wet Compression process cooling, can cause on the contrary behind the gas compressor water droplet to condense on the metal wall and corrode part, enter the problems such as firing chamber infringement combustion efficiency.This has just lost the use value of wet compression technology.Patent CN1612977A is exactly the wet compression technology of introducing this large-scale gas turbine, and particularly point out the operating pressure ratio of its gas compressor must be greater than 15 bar, this also is the narrow limitation of large-scale gas turbine water spray wet compression technology.

Summary of the invention

For addressing the above problem, the present invention proposes a kind of middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method, the method adopts the volatile organic matter atomized drop to spray, because its evaporation rate is very fast, by accurate Calculation control spray amount, can there not be the problem of water-drop evaporation speed.Therefore can solve the difficulty that middle-size and small-size turbo machine uses wet compression technology.

A kind of middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method, as described below:

At the suction port of turbo machine, the upstream end of gas compressor 1, adopt injection apparatus 5 jet atomization organic substance drop in the moving air that enters middle-size and small-size turbo machine perpendicular to air-flow direction; The diameter of described organic substance drop calculates according to following formula:

$d=\sqrt{\frac{S}{V}\frac{k}{\mathrm{\π}}}$

Wherein, d is the average droplet size of atomizing organic substance drop, and S is the axial length of gas compressor 1, and V is the flowing velocity of gas compressor 1 inlet's air, and k is the factor of evaporation of organic substance drop, and π is the Ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter constant;

Described organic substance is methyl alcohol, ethanol, ether or benzene;

Described organic substance liquid adopts injection apparatus to form particle diameter less than 1 millimeter vaporific drop, the preferred best liquid-drop diameter of formula according to the present invention;

The whole thermal cycle of centering small turbomachine, increase a small amount of organic substance drop and participate in circulation, generally be not more than 1% of the moving air quality that enters middle-size and small-size turbo machine, can obviously improve the middle-size and small-size turbo machine efficiency of cycle, increase output power or acting ability; Consider simultaneously safety problem, control organic substance drop emitted dose generally is not more than 1% of the moving air quality that enters middle-size and small-size turbo machine, makes the organic substance after the evaporation be lower than its lower explosion limit;

Described middle-size and small-size turbo machine refers to the middle-size and small-size turbo machine for various fields such as aircraft Starter, aircraft propelling, output mechanical power, output electric energy;

Described gas compressor 1 refers to one of parts of middle-size and small-size turbo machine, or is used for separately the gas compressor in the various fields such as pressurized air, industrial air-supply, blower, compressor, comprises the various forms of gas compressors such as axial flow, centrifugal, positive displacement.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is:

Middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method provided by the invention, total injection flow generally is not more than 1% of air quality; According to test determination, the output power increase rate is between 5% ~ 32%;

The pressure ratio to gas compressor, the restriction of length have been reduced: because organic substance drop evaporation rate is more faster than water droplet, therefore under the identical contractive condition, organic substance drop particle diameter can be larger than the water spray liquid-drop diameter, so just reduced spraying the harshness restriction of particle diameter and nozzle technology;

Widen the application area of wet compression technology, can be widely used in middle-size and small-size various forms of turbo machine, broken through the past wet compression technology to prophet's requirement of pressure, gas turbine size, liquid-drop diameter.More advantageously, the gaseous organic substance after the Compression Evaporation can also participate in burning, provides more burning energy than the water spray Wet Compression, improves the output power of turbo machine.

In brief, beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1, improves the turbo machine efficiency of cycle, increased output power;

2, widened the using scope of wet compression technology, especially the centering small turbomachine;

3, reduction is to the requirement of spraying technique, and the drop particle diameter can be larger than the water spray drop.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the position relationship schematic diagram of injection apparatus and middle-size and small-size turbo machine;

Wherein, 1 expression gas compressor, 2 expression firing chambers, 3 expressions drive the high-pressure turbine of gas compressor, the free turbine of 4 expression output powers; 5 expression injection apparatus;

Fig. 2 is the two kind grid mode schematic diagram of organic substance drop nozzles on injection apparatus 5;

Wherein, 5 expression injection apparatus, 6 expression nozzle riding positions;

A figure is small-sized grid form, and b figure is the spread pattern of medium-sized grid.

Embodiment

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:

Embodiment 1:

The organic substance drop nozzles adopts the array-type trellis work at injection apparatus 5, places a plurality of nozzles 6 at injection apparatus 5, calculates the organic substance liquid-drop diameter according to following formula, selects the nozzle model according to the organic substance liquid-drop diameter that calculates again.

$d=\sqrt{\frac{S}{V}\frac{k}{\mathrm{\π}}}$

Wherein, d is the average droplet size of atomizing organic substance drop, and S is the axial length of gas compressor 1, and V is the flowing velocity of gas compressor 1 inlet's air, and k is the factor of evaporation of organic substance drop, and π is the Ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter constant.

When turbine rotor, air is at first sucked the turbine interior circulatory system through suction chamber by gas compressor 1.At the suction port of turbo machine, the upstream end of gas compressor 1, perpendicular to air-flow direction an injection apparatus 5 is set, the organic substance drop nozzles adopts the array format shown in Fig. 2 a at injection apparatus 5, all nozzles 6 all are connected on the high-pressure bottle of same organic substance liquid refrigerant, and the pressure in the pressurized container is generally 8 ~ 10 barometric pressure; If this turbine inlet air amount mass flow rate is 1kg/s, then controlling the total drop jet quality flow of injection apparatus is below the 0.01kg/s.By injection apparatus 5 high-pressure injection organic substance working medium, form vaporific organic substance drop at turbine inlet, mix with air, sucked by gas compressor, be inhaled into gas compressor 1 through suction chamber.In compression process, because the volatilization of organic substance drop has reduced the outlet temperature of gas compressor, thereby improved compressor efficiency.

Organic substance working medium after the volatilization enters firing chamber 2 with air, participates in the oil inflame in the firing chamber 2, generates CO ₂And H ₂O enters high-pressure turbine 3 and free turbine 4 with the flue gas after the burning, participates in the turbine acting.High-pressure turbine 3 drives gas compressor, free turbine 4 output powers, all owing to having increased by 1% flow working medium, has improved simultaneously turbine inlet temperature, and has increased significantly the output power of turbine.

Claims (8)

1. one kind middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method is characterized in that, at the suction port of turbo machine, the upstream end of gas compressor 1, adopts injection apparatus (5) jet atomization organic substance drop in the moving air that enters middle-size and small-size turbo machine perpendicular to air-flow direction; The diameter of described organic substance drop calculates according to following formula:

$d=\sqrt{\frac{S}{V}\frac{k}{\mathrm{\π}}}$

Wherein, d is the average droplet size of atomizing organic substance drop, and S is the axial length of gas compressor (1), and V is the flowing velocity of gas compressor (1) inlet air, and k is the factor of evaporation of organic substance drop, and π is the Ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter constant.

2. middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described organic substance is methyl alcohol, ethanol, ether or benzene.

3. middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described organic substance liquid adopts injection apparatus to form particle diameter less than 1 millimeter vaporific drop.

4. middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the quality that sprays into the organic substance drop of middle-size and small-size turbo machine is not more than 1% of the moving air quality that enters middle-size and small-size turbo machine.

5. middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described middle-size and small-size turbo machine refers to the middle-size and small-size turbo machine for aircraft Starter, aircraft propelling, output mechanical power, output electric energy.

6. middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described gas compressor (1) refers to one of parts of middle-size and small-size turbo machine.

7. middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described gas compressor (1) is the gas compressor that is used for separately pressurized air, industrial air-supply, blower, compressor.

8. middle-size and small-size turbo machine Wet Compression method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described gas compressor (1) is the gas compressor of axial flow, centrifugal, positive displacement.

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