CN103061398A - Drainage partition optimized design method of rural life sewage treatment project - Google Patents
Drainage partition optimized design method of rural life sewage treatment project Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drainage partition optimized design method of a rural life sewage treatment project, and provides a design method based on combination of sewage treatment project design and cost calculating comparison. The sewage treatment project design includes that according to rural peasant household residence distribution conditions, drainage partition division with different scattering degrees is carried out, and sewage pipelines and sewage treatment farms (stations) are respectively designed. The cost calculating comparison includes that assessment software is written by means of a visual basic (VB) platform, building cost and operational maintenance cost of drainage pipelines and sewage treatment facilities in different drainage partition schemes and treatment total cost of water per ton after the two preceding parts of cost are added together are calculated, and then the drainage partition dividing method of the rural life sewage treatment project at least treatment cost is obtained by comparison. By means of a drawing function of an EXCEL working sheet, sewage treatment cost of different drainage partition schemes is visually displayed. According to the drainage partition-cost assessment system developed in the method, the rural life sewage treatment design project can be optimized.
Description
Affiliated technical field
Patent of the present invention is based on the draining partition zone optimizing method for designing that rural scattered domestic sewage is administered engineering, is applicable to domestic sewage in rural areas by using and administers the project planning an design field.
Background technology
Because urban residents are sparsely populated, make domestic sewage in rural areas by using have the advantages that the water yield is little, the coefficient of variation is large, the inefficiency that also therefore causes the domestic sewage in rural areas by using pipeline to collect.Simultaneously, for the design of small-scale Sewage Treatment Facilities, China still is in gropes the practice stage, also indefinite for the expense relation that changes with the processing scale.Therefore, domestic sewage in rural areas by using improvement engineering design can not be indiscriminately imitated the city fully and be focused on pattern, and should guarantee under the waste water control prerequisite up to standard according to village peasant household dwelling house distribution situation, based on waste water control network minimal principle, and classifying rationally draining subregion.
Waste water treatment project comprises sewage conduct engineering and sewage treatment project two parts.Generally speaking, if the service area of each draining subregion of dividing is less, just need to build on a small scale Sewage Disposal of more seat.In this case, be used for laying the expense decline of sewage collecting pipeline, but present increase trend for the expense of building sewage treatment facility.The different service area draining partition schemes of collecting to whole village from single household, joint household, section are adopted in contrast, and the expense of pipe works increases, and the expense of sewage treatment project descends, and certainly will have a certain draining partition scheme, is preferred plan.
Use the CAD engineering drawing software, the domestic sewage in rural areas by using of finishing under the different draining partition schemes is administered engineering design.Find the solution by the Matlab GAs Toolbox and to be applicable to the small-sized drainage pipe cost model in rural area.Utilize VB software, write visual operation program, in window interface input waste water treatment project design and running parameter, calculate respectively pipe-line construction and maintenance cost under the different draining partition schemes, sewage treatment facility is built and people's operating cost, and the computational engineering total cost, all these result of calculations all show in the VB window.Utilize simultaneously the EXCEL worksheet to draw draining subregion-total cost changing trend diagram and be linked in the VB window, realize the visual of draining subregion-costing comparative result.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of domestic sewage in rural areas by using and administer engineering drainage partition zone optimizing method for designing, comprise and determine draining subregion step, design pipe works step, design Sewage Disposal step and four steps of scheme evaluation, it is characterized in that: (1) is according to the actual inhabitation situation of resident, consider overall plan and the landform in villages and small towns, divide the draining subregion, each draining subregion sewage is processed separately; (2) according to the draining subregion of dividing, designing and arranging waterpipe; (3) according to the size of population and the sewage drainage standard of draining subregion, determine the Sewage Disposal scale; (4) utilize this draining partition scheme of computer evaluation, calculate evaluation index; (5) repartition the draining subregion, repeating step (1)-(4) are until all draining subregion splitting scheme designs are complete; (6) according to evaluation index, determine best draining partition scheme.
The evaluation index of the design's method can be to implement the spent resource of this engineering, and this index is lower, and the draining zoning design is more excellent.It also can be the number of duct length, Sewage Disposal.
The draining subregion of the method can be single household, joint household or whole village.
The step of the designing and arranging waterpipe of the method comprises, carries out successively according to main pipe, main, arm order, at first determines the position of control point and pumping plant, then determines design discharge, selects pipe diameter according to design discharge, assesses at last the pipeline consumes resources.
The step of described definite design discharge comprises: at first determine resident's crude sewage mean daily flow (Q), according to formula
Calculate sanitary sewage amount peaking variation factor (K
z), at last according to formula Q
1=Q * K
zCalculation Design flow (Q
1).
The drainage pipe that Ben Fafa relates to can use concrete and concrete reinforced pipe, PE winding structure pipe or PE double-wall corrugated pipe.And select buried depth of pipeline according to pipeline foundation, when selecting 90 ° of pipeline foundations, the optional depth of burying (H) has two kinds of H≤2m and 2m＜H≤4m; When selecting 120 ° of pipeline foundations, the optional depth of burying is H≤4m, three kinds of 4m＜H≤6m and 6m＜H≤8m; When selecting 180 ° of pipeline foundations, the optional depth of burying is H≤6m and 6m＜H≤8m.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is composition schematic diagram of the present invention.(domestic sewage in rural areas by using pollution abatement costs Optimization Design forms schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1).
Fig. 2 is engineering design principle schematic among Fig. 1, i.e. engineering design comprises pipe design and the Sewage Disposal design two parts content that is directed to each draining subregion.(engineering design module operating principle schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2).
Fig. 3 is the operating principle schematic diagram that calculates the waste water control cost among Fig. 1, calculates respectively sewage conduct expense, sewerage treatment expense, acquired results is carried out addition obtain the waste water control total cost.By the comparison to different draining partition scheme total costs, the draining subregion of network minimal wherein is exactly and the optimal draining partition scheme in design rural area.(costing module operating principle schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3).
The specific embodiment
Patent of the present invention proposes a kind of domestic sewage in rural areas by using that combines with multiple computational tools such as Excel, Matlab, VB based on the CAD engineering drawing software and administers engineering drainage partition zone optimizing method for designing.According to method for designing of the present invention, domestic sewage in rural areas by using is administered the engineering drainage partition zone optimizing and is comprised engineering design and two contents of costing, is further divided into relatively four steps of the design of draining partition scheme, pipe works design, Sewage Disposal design and scheme.
(1) draining partition scheme design: according to the actual inhabitation situation of urban residents, divide respectively the draining subregion according to single household (joint household), section to whole village collection mode.For example, be 10000 people's center village for the population size number, divide the draining subregion according to 50 people, 100 people, 200 people, 500 people, 1000 people, 2000 people, 5000 people, 10000 people's draining scale respectively.The sewage of each draining subregion is collected separately respectively, enters this district's Sewage Disposal independent process.When dividing the draining subregion, follow following principle:
1. the design scale of villages and small towns overall plan has determined the probable ranges of draining regional boundary;
2. in the draining regional boundary, according to the vertical planning in landform and villages and small towns, with the several different sewage collecting intensity of intending comparing, carry out respectively the division of draining subregion.General on the hills and the area of hypsography, can mark watershed line by isohypse, watershed line and draiage divide are basically identical usually.In the smooth area without remarkable watershed line of landform, can divide the draining subregion according to the principle that draining focuses on nearby, make the pipe-line system of each adjacent sectors can rationally share drainage area, main is in maximum reasonable buried depth situation, and most sewage can access in the gravity flow mode in the subregion.Each draining subregion often has the main more than 1 or 1, indicates the area that water (flow) direction and sewage needs promote according to physical features in the subregion
(2) pipe works design: the rural sewage treatment small scale, the plastic drain-pipe of general multiplex pipe with small pipe diameter such as polyethylene pipe, polyvinyl chloride pipe etc., also adopts concrete pipe or concrete reinforced pipe sometimes.Pipe works design considerations China drainage pipe design relevant criterion and standard are carried out.
1. pipe alignment: generally carry out successively by main pipe, main, arm order; Should be as far as possible during alignment in short at pipeline in the situation that buried depth is less, allow the discharge of flowing automatically of the sewage of maximum region.Landform and land used layout have been considered during alignment; Draining system and number of lines; Sewage Plant and delivery port position; Hydrogeological conditions; Road width; Underground utilities and structure position; Produce the situations such as distribution of the building of large amount of sewage.
2. determine the position of control point and pumping plant: follow following two principles when determining the control point, one is the vertical planning according to villages and small towns, guarantees that the sewage of each point in the draining subregion can both be discharged, and considers development, suitably allows some leeway on buried depth; Another is the buried depth that can not increase because looking after unit control point whole pipe-line system.The particular location of pumping station layout should be considered the factors such as sanitation of environment, geology, power supply and execution conditions, and should seek the opinion of the suggestion of the departments such as planning, environmental protection, urban construction.
3. design the design discharge of pipeline section: calculate the sanitary sewage design discharge with the service population number among the design.Determine resident living sewage mean daily flow according to reliable data or actual investigation data, then according to formula
Try to achieve sanitary sewage amount peaking variation factor, try to achieve at last the design discharge of resident living sewage pipe.Draining subregion take population as 200 people is example calculating sanitary sewage drainage pipe design discharge.
Suppose average 3.3 people of villages and small towns each household, domestic consumption for each person every day is 100L, and quantity of wastewater effluent is by 80% of domestic consumption, and then villages and small towns quantity of wastewater effluent for each person every day is 80L, this village's resident living sewage mean daily flow:
Q＝80L/(cap·d)×200cap＝16000L/d＝0.185185L/s
According to sanitary sewage amount peaking variation factor design formulas
Trying to achieve peaking variation factor is K
z=3.25, so this village's resident living sewage pipe design discharge is: Q
1=Q * K
z=0.185185L/s * 3.25=0.6019L/s.Other population size village sanitary sewage drainage pipe design discharge sees Table 1.
The resident living sewage design discharge of the different service population scale of table 1 draining subregion
4. determine the drainage pipe caliber
Regulation according to the drainage pipe design specifications, table look-up and calculate certain caliber pipeline and allow the design maximum water yield passed through, compare with each subregion sanitary sewer design discharge as shown in table 1, thus the suitable caliber of definite each draining subregion main pipe, main and arm.For example, inquiry " buried polyethylene gutter pipe works tecnical regulations CECS164:2004 " appendix A and B, the maximum that calculates the different tube diameters pipeline allows inflow-rate of water turbine, and is as shown in table 2.
Data on flows in comparison sheet 1 and the table 2, the suitable caliber that can draw different scales village sanitary sewage drainage pipes at different levels is as shown in table 3.
Generally speaking, the caliber that goes out the family drainage pipe that is connected with sanitary apparatus is DN110, and pipeline connects from going out family pipe, tube connector, arm follows the step by step principle of method to main, main pipe.Therefore, when adopting single household or joint household sewage treatmentmethod, the flow in the sewage conduct does not reach the above-mentioned design discharge of calculating usually, and sewage conduct in this case belongs to and do not calculate pipeline, directly determines pipe diameter according to amplifying principle step by step.
The pipeline design maximum flow of table 2 different tube diameters
The village sanitary sewage gutter caliber reference table of the different sizes of population of table 3 service
5. the construction of drainage pipe and maintenance cost
The factor that affects the drainage pipe construction cost has tubing, caliber, pipe range, buried depth and base form.Alternative kind of tube types has three kinds of concrete and concrete reinforced pipe, PE winding structure pipe and PE double-wall corrugated pipes, and pipeline foundation has 90 °, 120 ° and 180 ° three kinds.When selecting 90 ° when basic, the optional depth of burying (H) has two kinds of H≤2m and 2m＜H≤4m; When selecting 120 ° when basic, the optional depth of burying is H≤4m, three kinds of 4m＜H≤6m and 6m＜H≤8m; When selecting 180 ° when basic, the optional depth of burying is H≤6m and 6m＜H≤8m.According to the related data in the municipal engineering comprehensive quota drainage works fascicle, can calculate the construction cost C of unit length caliber D in various tubing, foundation and the buried depth situation.
Urban discharging pipeline construction cost model is C=a*D
b, a, b are model coefficient.Also there is not at present ripe country sewage pipe-line construction cost model.Adopt the city model form, according to the aforementioned D that calculates, C data group, utilize the Matlab GAs Toolbox to find the solution to be applicable to coefficient a value and the b value of the small-sized drainage pipe cost model in rural area, draw rural area small-sized drainage pipe construction cost model.
For a design pipeline, after selected good tubing, pipeline foundation and the depth of burying, the rural area that utilizes back to draw small-sized drainage pipe construction cost model, input caliber and pipe range just can be obtained the pipe-line construction expense.
When calculating the maintenance cost of drainage pipe, account for the regulation commonly used of the ratio of cost of erection according to maintenance expense, determine the pipeline maintenance expense.
(3) Sewage Disposal design: according to each the draining subregion size of population and sewage drainage standard, calculate the total amount of sewage effluent every day, determine the scale of each Sewage Disposal, as shown in table 4.
The different subregion Sewage Disposal of table 4 design scale
For sewage-farm (station), its construction cost can with reference to built expense of establishing similar engineering, be carried out budget after perhaps finishing according to layout design and draw; Its running cost can be tried to achieve by the electricity charge, medicament expense, wage welfare fund, top overhaul expense, repair and maintenance expense and overhead cost sense and six of other fees that the operation of calculating sewage treatment facility expends, and circular is seen Water And Drainage System Design handbook Technological Economy fascicle.
The related data of the MBR method that obtains take investigation sees Table 5 as example describes.
The costing of table 5 MBR method
Wherein:
1. energy consumption expense (E
1) comprise the water rate equal energy source expense that consumes in the electricity charge that consume in the sewage disposal process and the backwash process.This method is only counted the electricity charge, and calculating formula is
E
1＝8760Nd/k
The power summation (without stand-by equipment) of water pump, air compressor machine or blast fan and other electromechanical equipment (Kw) in N in the formula---the Sewage Plant
K---sewage quantity peaking variation factor
D---electricity charge unit price [unit/(Kwh)]
2. medicament expense (E
2) calculating formula is
E
2＝365Q(a
1b
1+a
2b
2+a
3b
3+...)/10
6k
1
K in the formula
1---daily variation factor;
a
1, a
2, a
3---the average dosage (mg/L) of various medicaments (comprising coagulant, flocculation aid, disinfectant etc.);
b
1, b
2, b
3---corresponding medicament unit price (unit/t);
3. wage welfare fund E
3: calculating formula is
E
3=worker average salary and welfare fund * worker's staffing for each person every year
4. top overhaul expense E
4: calculating formula is
E
4=original value of fixed assets * top overhaul rate
5. repair and maintenance takes E
5: mean the daily expenses such as inspection and maintenance, do not comprise the top overhaul expense.Calculating formula is E
5=original value of fixed assets * repair and maintenance rate
6. overhead cost and other fees E
6: comprise the tax (such as house property tax, vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax etc.) of being disbursed from the cost and expenses in the administrative expenses, heating fee, rental charge, insurance premium, travel charge, research and test expense, meeting expense, cost of administrative department, and other do not belong to expenditure of beginning a project etc.
Overhead cost and other fees can be calculated by the certain ratio of above every summation.According to the statistic data of water supply and sewage work facility, its ratio is general desirable 15%, and calculating formula is
E
6＝(E
1+...+E
5)×15％
7. annual operating cost E
c: calculating formula is
E
c＝E
1+E
2+E
3+E
4+E
5+E
6
8. total annual cost YC: calculating formula is
YC＝E
c
9. processed in units cost AC: calculating formula is
AC＝YC/365Q
Original value of fixed assets approximates construction cost in this software.The top overhaul rate is domestic according to employed fixed assets or has an amount of import to decide, if domestic, then be 2.4%, if an amount of import is arranged, then be 2.2%.The repair and maintenance expense means and the daily expenses such as inspection and maintenance does not comprise the top overhaul expense.According to plumbing industry statistic analysis of data, the drainage works maintenance repair safeguards that rate is generally 1%.In software, software user can be filled in according to concrete actual conditions.Overhead cost and other fees can be calculated by the certain ratio of above every summation.According to the statistic data of water supply and sewage work facility, its ratio general desirable 15%.
(4) scheme relatively: to construction, the maintenance cost of construction, operating cost and the drainage pipe of the sewage treatment facility of different draining partition schemes under the above-mentioned employing single household that calculates respectively, joint household, section and the whole village collection mode, be converted to and process every cubic metre of needed cost of sewage every day, and sum up, the expense of different schemes relatively draws the waste water control draining partition scheme of processing cost minimum.Equally, also can according to indexs such as duct length, difficulty of construction, maintenance difficulties, Sewage Disposal numbers, select waste water control draining partition scheme.
Utilize the VB platform that above-mentioned computational process is written as software for calculation, and pipeline fee is linked to the EXCEL worksheet with (pipe-line construction expense+pipe-line maintenance expense) result of calculation and Sewage Disposal expense (Sewage Disposal construction cost+Sewage Disposal operating cost) or other evaluation index result of calculations, utilize the EXCEL worksheet to draw draining subregion-total cost changing trend diagram, this tendency chart is got back in the VB window by secondary link, can see from VB platform objective interface ground the variation tendency that the waste water control cost occurs with the variation of draining zoning design scheme.
Be implemented as follows: according to design rural area peasant household inhabitation distribution situation, divide the draining subregion according to single household, joint household, section and whole village collection mode.Different draining subregion situations are carried out waste water control scheme preliminary design, form respectively scheme 1, scheme 2 ..., scheme m.Draw the CAD plan of each design scheme, add up respectively the duct length of different tubing, different tube diameters, different buried depth under each design scheme and quantity, scale and the occupation of land situation of sewage-farm (station).
The software for calculation that utilization is write based on the VB platform, total treatment cost of calculation Design scheme 1.Calculate on the inputting interface in the sewage conduct expense, select the sewage conduct material type, the caliber of input channel 1, buried depth and pipe range data, the construction cost that such pipeline is laid in system's output, successively input channel 2 ..., the data of pipeline n, obtain respectively the expense of laying of various pipes, add up, draw the expense of laying of design scheme 1 sewage conduct.Change the pipeline material type, repeat above-mentioned steps, can obtain the pipe-line construction cost of different tubing, add the pipeline maintenance expense, be pipeline fee and use.Calculate on the inputting interface at sewage disposal expense, select the sewage treatment process type, the scale at input processing station 1 and occupation of land data, the construction cost that this treating stations is built in system's output, successively input processing station 2 ..., the data for the treatment of stations n, obtain respectively the construction cost of each treating stations, add up, draw the construction cost of design scheme 1 sewage plant.Change the sewage treatment process type, repeat above-mentioned steps, can obtain the sewerage treatment construction cost of different process, add the operating cost of sewage treatment facility, be the sewerage treatment expense.Pipeline fee is used and the addition of sewerage treatment expense, compared the expense sum of pipeline material and sewage treatment process various combination, obtain the minimum waste water control expense of schematic design 1.
Repeat above-mentioned steps, calculate the waste water control expense of different designs scheme (being that different sewage is processed decentralization), compare, the sewerage treatment draining partition scheme that draws the treatment cost minimum comes.
The present invention calculates the waste water control cost, comprises construction investment and the operation and maintenance cost of sewage conduct and sewage treatment facility.For the construction that makes pipeline and sewage treatment facility, operation and maintenance cost can additions, sewage conduct and sewage treatment facility construction investment are adjusted " day ton " construction investment according to the design length of service, and the sewage conduct expense is calculated " day ton " maintenance cost from annual charge.
The present invention is for pipeline fee is used and sewage disposal expense computational process convenient operation, based on VB platform development waste water control expense software for calculation.
The present invention is for making result of calculation intuitively visual, unite and use EXCEL worksheet and VB platform tools, pipeline fee under the different draining subregions with being linked to the EXCEL worksheet with the sewerage treatment expense, is drawn draining subregion-control expense graph of a relation, and its chain is taken back on the VB interface.
The method for designing of utilizing patent of the present invention to propose is carried out the design of draining partition zone optimizing to the countryside sewage treating engineering, and the waste water control expense of different designs scheme is high-visible, can realize simultaneously the benefit of environment, society and economic three aspects:.
Claims (9)
1. a domestic sewage in rural areas by using is administered engineering drainage partition zone optimizing method for designing, comprise and determine draining subregion step, design pipe works step, design Sewage Disposal step and four steps of scheme evaluation, it is characterized in that: (1) is according to the actual inhabitation situation of resident, consider overall plan and the landform in villages and small towns, divide the draining subregion, each draining subregion sewage is processed separately; (2) according to the draining subregion of dividing, determine the drainage pipe design scheme; (3) according to the size of population of draining subregion and Sewage volume index per capita, determine the Sewage Disposal scale; (4) utilize this draining partition scheme of computer evaluation, calculate evaluation index; (5) repartition the draining subregion, repeating step (1)-(4) are until all draining subregion splitting scheme designs are complete; (6) according to evaluation index, determine best draining partition scheme.
2. draining partition zone optimizing method for designing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described evaluation index is for implementing the spent resource of this engineering, and this index is lower, and the draining zoning design is more excellent.
3. draining partition zone optimizing method for designing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described evaluation index is duct length.
4. draining partition zone optimizing method for designing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described evaluation index can be the number of Sewage Disposal.
5. such as the described draining partition zone optimizing of the arbitrary claim of claim 1-4 method for designing, it is characterized in that: described draining subregion can be single household, joint household or whole village.
6. draining partition zone optimizing method for designing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the step of described designing and arranging waterpipe comprises, at first determines the position of control point and pumping plant, then determines design discharge, select pipe diameter according to design discharge, assess at last the pipeline consumes resources.
7. draining partition zone optimizing method for designing as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the step of described definite design discharge comprises: at first determine resident's crude sewage mean daily flow (Q), according to formula
Calculate sanitary sewage amount peaking variation factor (K
z), at last according to formula Q
1=Q * K
zCalculation Design flow (Q
1).
8. such as claim 1-4,6, the described draining partition zone optimizing method of 7 arbitrary claims, it is characterized in that: described drainage pipe can use concrete and concrete reinforced pipe, PE winding structure pipe or PE double-wall corrugated pipe.
9. such as claim 1-4,6, the described draining partition zone optimizing method of 7 arbitrary claims, it is characterized in that: select buried depth of pipeline according to pipeline foundation, when selecting 90 ° of pipeline foundations, the optional depth of burying has two kinds of H≤2m and 2m＜H≤4m; When selecting 120 ° of pipeline foundations, the optional depth of burying is H≤4m, three kinds of 4m＜H≤6m and 6m＜H≤8m; When selecting 180 ° of pipeline foundations, the optional depth of burying is H≤6m and 6m＜H≤8m.
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| CN105396869A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-16 | 成都绿源新创环保科技有限公司 | Comprehensive zoning treatment method for soil heavy metal pollution |
| CN111696423A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-22 | 中建水务环保有限公司 | Sewage treatment facility layout method, system and carrier |
| CN112883456A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-01 | 同济大学 | Design method of sewage collection system in rural area |
| CN113421177A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-21 | 广州资源环保科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining station position of sewage treatment equipment |
| CN113863479A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2021-12-31 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Controllable pressure flow industrial wastewater drainage method and system |
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| CN113863479A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2021-12-31 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Controllable pressure flow industrial wastewater drainage method and system |
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