CN103057059B - Injection molding device and injection molding method of online mixing and preparing high-performance microcellular foaming plastic - Google Patents
Injection molding device and injection molding method of online mixing and preparing high-performance microcellular foaming plastic Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
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Abstract
本发明公开一种在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型装置与方法，其装置包括挤出发泡单元、超临界流体输送单元和注射发泡单元，挤出发泡单元输出端设置恒温箱和切粒机，切粒机出料口与注射发泡单元相连接，超临界流体输送单元通过管道分别与挤出发泡单元和注射发泡单元连接，注射发泡单元出口端与模具型腔相连接；其方法是物料和超临界流体在挤出发泡单元内塑化熔融混合挤出，初次发泡形成条状物，并通过恒温箱冷却定型，然后由切粒机进行造粒，形成高含气量的聚合物发泡粒料；将聚合物发泡粒料送入注射发泡单元，与超临界流体塑化熔融混合，然后向模具型腔注射进行二次发泡，形成高性能发泡制品。
The invention discloses an injection molding device and method for preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics by on-line compounding. The device includes an extrusion foaming unit, a supercritical fluid delivery unit, and an injection foaming unit. A constant temperature box and a granulator are set up, the discharge port of the granulator is connected with the injection foaming unit, the supercritical fluid delivery unit is respectively connected with the extrusion foaming unit and the injection foaming unit through pipelines, and the outlet end of the injection foaming unit is connected with the injection foaming unit. The mold cavity is connected; the method is that the material and the supercritical fluid are plasticized, melted, mixed and extruded in the extrusion foaming unit, and the first foam is formed into a strip, which is cooled and shaped by a constant temperature box, and then processed by a pelletizer. granules to form polymer foaming pellets with high gas content; the polymer foaming pellets are sent to the injection foaming unit, plasticized, melted and mixed with supercritical fluid, and then injected into the mold cavity for secondary foaming to form High performance foam products.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及微孔发泡塑料成型技术，特别涉及一种在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型装置与方法。The invention relates to a molding technology of microcellular foamed plastics, in particular to an injection molding device and method for preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics by on-line compounding.
背景技术Background technique
微孔塑料是指泡孔直径在0.1~10μm，泡孔密度在109~1015个/cm3的新型泡沫塑料，具有质量轻、比强度高的特点，同时具有良好的吸收冲击载荷的能力、能隔热保温隔音缓冲、绝缘、防腐等优点。Microcellular plastic refers to a new type of foam plastic with a cell diameter of 0.1-10 μm and a cell density of 10 9 to 10 15 cells/cm 3 , which has the characteristics of light weight, high specific strength, and good ability to absorb impact loads , Heat insulation, sound insulation, buffering, insulation, anti-corrosion and other advantages.
微孔发泡注塑成型的原理是在预定背压下熔融塑化树脂，向熔融树脂中定量注入超临界氮气或者二氧化碳，通过进一步混合、扩散后形成均相溶液，并在进入模具型腔之前保持该状态，注射进入到型腔中，通过注射过程中的热力学不稳定性，瞬间形成大量的气泡核，在填充和冷却过程中，气泡长大并被固定，获得微孔发泡制品。微孔发泡注塑成型可以大幅提高制品尺寸精度和稳定性，有效缩短薄壁制品的成型周期，提高生产效率，同时还可以减小聚合物熔体的粘度，提高熔体的流动性。采用此技术的注塑制品已被应用于诸多工业领域，包括汽车、医药、电子、食品包装等行业。The principle of microcellular foam injection molding is to melt and plasticize the resin under a predetermined back pressure, quantitatively inject supercritical nitrogen or carbon dioxide into the molten resin, form a homogeneous solution after further mixing and diffusion, and keep it before entering the mold cavity In this state, the injection enters the cavity, and a large number of bubble nuclei are formed instantaneously through the thermodynamic instability during the injection process. During the filling and cooling process, the bubbles grow up and are fixed to obtain a microcellular foamed product. Microcellular foam injection molding can greatly improve the dimensional accuracy and stability of the product, effectively shorten the molding cycle of thin-walled products, improve production efficiency, and at the same time reduce the viscosity of the polymer melt and improve the fluidity of the melt. Injection molded products using this technology have been used in many industrial fields, including automobile, medicine, electronics, food packaging and other industries.
然而，在超临界流体与聚合物熔体形成单一均相体系的关键步骤中，现有的较短时间微孔发泡注塑成型周期内，其混合效果并不理想。无法将超临界氮气或者二氧化碳很好的分散在聚合物熔体内，就难以得到理想结构和性能的发泡制件。由于注射成型工艺固有的复杂性，微孔发泡注塑得到的制件往往孔径大小不一，泡孔密度不稳定，使得发泡试样的各项性能无法满足工业生产的一致性、稳定性和可靠性的要求。另外，实际应用中，单一物料往往难以达到综合性能各项指标的要求，因而多采用填充改性和共混改性技术。由此带来的无机填充粒子分散问题和多相体系中的相分离问题也是微孔注塑发泡成型应用的挑战性难题。因此，如何在短时间内（即一个注射成型周期）将聚合物熔体与超临界流体高效混合，同时增强多相体系的界面作用以及填充粒子的分散效应，从而得到结构均匀的高性能制品，仍然是微孔发泡注射成型发展和推广应用的一个难题。However, in the critical step of forming a single homogeneous system between the supercritical fluid and the polymer melt, the mixing effect of the existing short microcellular foam injection molding cycle is not ideal. If supercritical nitrogen or carbon dioxide cannot be well dispersed in the polymer melt, it is difficult to obtain foamed parts with ideal structure and performance. Due to the inherent complexity of the injection molding process, the parts obtained by microcellular foaming injection molding often have different pore sizes and unstable cell densities, so that the properties of the foamed samples cannot meet the consistency, stability and quality of industrial production. reliability requirements. In addition, in practical applications, it is often difficult for a single material to meet the requirements of various indicators of comprehensive performance, so filling modification and blending modification technologies are often used. The resulting dispersion of inorganic filler particles and phase separation in multiphase systems are also challenging problems in the application of microcellular injection foam molding. Therefore, how to efficiently mix polymer melt and supercritical fluid in a short period of time (that is, one injection molding cycle), and at the same time enhance the interfacial interaction of the multiphase system and the dispersion effect of filled particles, so as to obtain high-performance products with uniform structure, It is still a difficult problem in the development and popularization of microcellular foam injection molding.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种气熔混合效果好、可有效提高发泡制品性能的连续式在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型装置。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an injection molding device for continuous on-line compounding to prepare high-performance microcellular foamed plastics, which has good gas-melt mixing effect and can effectively improve the performance of foamed products.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种通过上述装置实现的在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection molding method for preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics through on-line compounding realized by the above-mentioned device.
本发明的技术方案为：一种在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型装置，包括挤出发泡单元、超临界流体输送单元和注射发泡单元，挤出发泡单元的输出端依次设置恒温箱和切粒机，切粒机的出料口与注射发泡单元的进料端相连接，超临界流体输送单元的流体出口端通过管道分别与挤出发泡单元和注射发泡单元连接，注射发泡单元的出口端与模具型腔相连接。The technical solution of the present invention is: an injection molding device for preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics by on-line compounding, including an extrusion foaming unit, a supercritical fluid delivery unit and an injection foaming unit, and the output of the extrusion foaming unit A constant temperature box and a granulator are arranged in turn at the end of the granulator. The discharge port of the granulator is connected with the feed end of the injection foaming unit. The foam unit is connected, and the outlet end of the injection foam unit is connected with the mold cavity.
所述挤出发泡单元为单螺杆挤出机，包括挤出螺杆、挤出料筒、挤出机头、挤出料斗和挤出螺杆动力机构，挤出螺杆设于挤出料筒内，挤出机头和挤出螺杆动力机构分别设有挤出螺杆的两端，挤出料斗设于挤出螺杆的进料端；挤出料筒上设有第一超临界流体入口，第一超临界流体入口处通过管道与超临界流体输送单元连接。其中，挤出螺杆动力机构用于驱动挤出螺杆工作，物料从挤出料斗进入挤出料筒后，随着挤出螺杆的旋转进行塑化，形成熔体，该过程中，来自超临界流体输送单元的超临界流体同时进入挤出料筒内，超临界流体与熔融物料混合，然后经过挤出机头的释压、发泡和定型，挤出送至恒温箱。The extrusion foaming unit is a single-screw extruder, including an extrusion screw, an extrusion barrel, an extrusion head, an extrusion hopper and an extrusion screw power mechanism, and the extrusion screw is arranged in the extrusion barrel. The extruder head and the extrusion screw power mechanism are respectively provided with two ends of the extrusion screw, and the extrusion hopper is provided at the feeding end of the extrusion screw; the extrusion barrel is provided with a first supercritical fluid inlet, and the first supercritical fluid The critical fluid inlet is connected with the supercritical fluid delivery unit through a pipeline. Among them, the extrusion screw power mechanism is used to drive the extrusion screw to work. After the material enters the extrusion barrel from the extrusion hopper, it is plasticized with the rotation of the extrusion screw to form a melt. During this process, the supercritical fluid The supercritical fluid of the conveying unit enters the extrusion barrel at the same time, the supercritical fluid is mixed with the molten material, and then it is extruded and sent to the constant temperature box through the pressure release, foaming and shaping of the extruder head.
为了使超临界流体与熔体混合更充分，所述挤出料筒上可分布有多个第一超临界流体入口，各第一超临界流体入口处分别通过管道与超临界流体输送单元连接。In order to make the supercritical fluid and the melt mix more fully, a plurality of first supercritical fluid inlets may be distributed on the extrusion barrel, and each first supercritical fluid inlet is respectively connected to a supercritical fluid delivery unit through a pipeline.
所述注射发泡单元为微孔发泡注射成型机，包括注射螺杆、注射料筒、注射喷嘴、注射料斗和注射螺杆动力机构，注射螺杆设于注射料筒内，注射喷嘴和注射螺杆动力机构分别设于注射螺杆两端，注射料斗设于注射螺杆的进料端；注射料筒上设有第二超临界流体入口，第二超临界流体入口处通过管道与超临界流体输送单元连接。其中，注射螺杆动力机构用于驱动注射螺杆工作，聚合物发泡粒料从注射料斗进入注射料筒后，随着注射螺杆的旋转进行塑化，形成含气熔体，该过程中，来自超临界流体输送单元的超临界流体同时进入注射料筒内，超临界流体与熔融物料混合，然后经过注射喷嘴注入模具型腔，在模具型腔内冷却定型后得到发泡制品。The injection foaming unit is a microcellular foaming injection molding machine, including an injection screw, an injection barrel, an injection nozzle, an injection hopper, and an injection screw power mechanism. The injection screw is arranged in the injection barrel, and the injection nozzle and the injection screw power mechanism They are respectively arranged at both ends of the injection screw, and the injection hopper is arranged at the feed end of the injection screw; the injection barrel is provided with a second supercritical fluid inlet, and the second supercritical fluid inlet is connected to the supercritical fluid delivery unit through a pipeline. Among them, the injection screw power mechanism is used to drive the injection screw to work. After the polymer foamed pellets enter the injection barrel from the injection hopper, they are plasticized with the rotation of the injection screw to form a gas-containing melt. The supercritical fluid of the critical fluid delivery unit enters the injection barrel at the same time, the supercritical fluid is mixed with the molten material, and then injected into the mold cavity through the injection nozzle, and the foamed product is obtained after cooling and shaping in the mold cavity.
为了使超临界流体与熔体混合更充分，所述注射料筒上可分布有多个超临界流体入口，各第二超临界流体入口处分别通过管道与超临界流体输送单元连接。In order to make the supercritical fluid and the melt mix more fully, a plurality of supercritical fluid inlets may be distributed on the injection barrel, and each second supercritical fluid inlet is respectively connected to the supercritical fluid delivery unit through pipelines.
所述超临界流体单元包括储气瓶、压力表、冷却循环泵和高压计量泵，储气瓶、压力表、冷却循环泵和高压计量泵通过管道依次连接，管道末端为流体出口端；流体出口端与挤出发泡单元和注射发泡单元连接的管道上设有高压电磁阀，压力表与冷却循环泵之间的管道上设有高压阀。The supercritical fluid unit includes a gas storage bottle, a pressure gauge, a cooling circulation pump and a high-pressure metering pump. The gas storage bottle, a pressure gauge, a cooling circulation pump and a high-pressure metering pump are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the end of the pipeline is a fluid outlet port; the fluid outlet A high-pressure solenoid valve is provided on the pipeline connected to the extrusion foaming unit and the injection foaming unit, and a high-pressure valve is provided on the pipeline between the pressure gauge and the cooling circulation pump.
本发明通过上述装置实现一种在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型方法，在挤出发泡单元内，物料和来自超临界流体输送单元的超临界流体塑化熔融混合挤出，初次发泡形成条状物，并通过恒温箱冷却定型，然后由切粒机进行造粒，形成高含气量的聚合物发泡粒料；将聚合物发泡粒料送入注射发泡单元，聚合物发泡粒料和来自超临界流体输送单元的超临界流体塑化熔融混合，然后向模具型腔注射进行二次发泡，形成高性能发泡制品。该方法不仅适用于制备单一聚合物的高性能发泡制品，也适用于制备填充改性和共混改性的高性能聚合物基复合材料发泡制品。The present invention realizes an injection molding method for preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics through online compounding. In the extrusion foaming unit, the material and the supercritical fluid from the supercritical fluid delivery unit are plasticized, melted, mixed and extruded , the initial foaming forms a strip, and is cooled and shaped by a constant temperature box, and then granulated by a pelletizer to form polymer foamed pellets with high gas content; the polymer foamed pellets are sent to the injection foaming unit , The polymer foamed pellets and the supercritical fluid from the supercritical fluid delivery unit are plasticized, melted and mixed, and then injected into the mold cavity for secondary foaming to form high-performance foamed products. The method is not only applicable to the preparation of high-performance foamed products of a single polymer, but also suitable for the preparation of high-performance polymer-based composite foamed products of filling modification and blending modification.
本发明相对于现有技术，具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
（1）本发明由于采取在线配混连续式挤出发泡制得的发泡粒料，使得物料在进入微孔发泡注塑成型机之前已经充分形成微孔结构，包含一定气体量，在某种程度上提高了超临界流体与聚合物的配混效果，可以使氮气或二氧化碳更多更好的分散在聚合物基体里，以此来提高气体在聚合物中的溶解度，提高了制品的质量和性能。(1) The present invention adopts on-line compounding and continuous extrusion foaming to obtain foamed pellets, so that the material has fully formed a microporous structure before entering the microcellular foaming injection molding machine, which contains a certain amount of gas. To a certain extent, the compounding effect of supercritical fluid and polymer is improved, and nitrogen or carbon dioxide can be more and better dispersed in the polymer matrix, so as to improve the solubility of gas in the polymer and improve the quality of the product and performance.
（2）本发明的联动式工艺方法将得到的发泡粒料立即进入微孔发泡注射工艺过程，有效避免了传统预发泡方法在聚合物发泡材料放置一段时间后的气体逃逸问题。(2) The linkage process method of the present invention immediately enters the obtained foamed pellets into the microcellular foaming injection process, which effectively avoids the gas escape problem of the traditional pre-foaming method after the polymer foaming material is placed for a period of time.
（3）对于复合材料，特别是纳米基复合材料的分散问题历来是行业内公认的难题，采用本在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型方法有助于最终注射成型制品中纳米粒子的分散，因为在发泡过程中的气体长大过程可认为是一种多维轴向拉伸的扩展过程，这种在微尺度下的扩展过程会大大改善共混相和填充增强体系的分散。(3) The dispersion of composite materials, especially nano-based composite materials, has always been a recognized problem in the industry. The injection molding method of preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics by this online compounding method is helpful for the final injection molding products. The dispersion of particles, because the gas growth process in the foaming process can be considered as a multi-dimensional axial stretching expansion process, this expansion process at the micro scale will greatly improve the dispersion of the blended phase and the filling reinforcement system.
（4）微孔发泡注塑成型机的剪切作用将聚合物粒料中包含的气体和聚合物熔体以及适应性补充的超临界流体有效混合，有效地解决了现有技术混合效果不理想、无法使超临界氮气或二氧化碳更好的分散在聚合物基体里的问题，同时有助于改善发泡结构得到最优高性能的发泡塑料。(4) The shear action of the microcellular foaming injection molding machine effectively mixes the gas contained in the polymer pellets with the polymer melt and the adaptively supplemented supercritical fluid, effectively solving the unsatisfactory mixing effect of the prior art 1. The problem that supercritical nitrogen or carbon dioxide cannot be better dispersed in the polymer matrix, and at the same time helps to improve the foam structure to obtain foamed plastics with optimal performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型装置的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the injection molding device for preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics by on-line compounding.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例及附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例Example
本实施例一种在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型装置，如图1所示，包括挤出发泡单元、超临界流体输送单元和注射发泡单元，挤出发泡单元的输出端依次设置恒温箱1和切粒机2，切粒机的出料口与注射发泡单元的进料端相连接，超临界流体输送单元的流体出口端通过管道分别与挤出发泡单元和注射发泡单元连接，注射发泡单元的出口端与模具型腔3相连接。In this embodiment, an injection molding device for preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics by on-line compounding, as shown in Figure 1, includes an extrusion foaming unit, a supercritical fluid delivery unit and an injection foaming unit, and the extrusion foaming unit The output end of the granulator is provided with a constant temperature box 1 and a granulator 2 in turn. The discharge port of the granulator is connected with the feed end of the injection foaming unit, and the fluid outlet end of the supercritical fluid delivery unit is respectively connected with the extrusion foaming unit through pipelines. The unit is connected with the injection foaming unit, and the outlet end of the injection foaming unit is connected with the cavity 3 of the mold.
挤出发泡单元为单螺杆挤出机，包括挤出螺杆4、挤出料筒5、挤出机头6、挤出料斗7和挤出螺杆动力机构8，挤出螺杆设于挤出料筒内，挤出机头和挤出螺杆动力机构分别设有挤出螺杆的两端，挤出料斗设于挤出螺杆的进料端；挤出料筒上设有第一超临界流体入口，第一超临界流体入口处通过管道与超临界流体输送单元连接。其中，挤出螺杆动力机构用于驱动挤出螺杆工作，物料从挤出料斗进入挤出料筒后，随着挤出螺杆的旋转进行塑化，形成熔体，该过程中，来自超临界流体输送单元的超临界流体同时进入挤出料筒内，超临界流体与熔融物料混合，然后经过挤出机头的释压、发泡和定型，挤出送至恒温箱。The extrusion foaming unit is a single-screw extruder, including an extrusion screw 4, an extrusion barrel 5, an extrusion head 6, an extrusion hopper 7 and an extrusion screw power mechanism 8, and the extrusion screw is arranged on the extrusion material In the barrel, the extruder head and the extrusion screw power mechanism are respectively provided at both ends of the extrusion screw, and the extrusion hopper is arranged at the feeding end of the extrusion screw; the extrusion barrel is provided with a first supercritical fluid inlet, The inlet of the first supercritical fluid is connected with the supercritical fluid delivery unit through a pipeline. Among them, the extrusion screw power mechanism is used to drive the extrusion screw to work. After the material enters the extrusion barrel from the extrusion hopper, it is plasticized with the rotation of the extrusion screw to form a melt. During this process, the supercritical fluid The supercritical fluid of the conveying unit enters the extrusion barrel at the same time, the supercritical fluid is mixed with the molten material, and then it is extruded and sent to the constant temperature box through the pressure release, foaming and shaping of the extruder head.
为了使超临界流体与熔体混合更充分，挤出料筒上也可分布有多个第一超临界流体入口，各第一超临界流体入口处分别通过管道与超临界流体输送单元连接。In order to make the supercritical fluid and the melt mix more fully, a plurality of first supercritical fluid inlets may also be distributed on the extrusion barrel, and each first supercritical fluid inlet is respectively connected to the supercritical fluid delivery unit through pipelines.
注射发泡单元为微孔发泡注射成型机，包括注射螺杆9、注射料筒10、注射喷嘴11、注射料斗12和注射螺杆动力机构13，注射螺杆设于注射料筒内，注射喷嘴和注射螺杆动力机构分别设于注射螺杆两端，注射料斗设于注射螺杆的进料端；注射料筒上设有第二超临界流体入口，第二超临界流体入口处通过管道与超临界流体输送单元连接。其中，注射螺杆动力机构用于驱动注射螺杆工作，聚合物发泡粒料从注射料斗进入注射料筒后，随着注射螺杆的旋转进行塑化，形成熔体，该过程中，来自超临界流体输送单元的超临界流体同时进入注射料筒内，超临界流体与熔融物料混合，然后经过注射喷嘴注射入模具型腔，在模具型腔内张大并冷却定型得到发泡制品。The injection foaming unit is a microcellular foaming injection molding machine, including an injection screw 9, an injection barrel 10, an injection nozzle 11, an injection hopper 12, and an injection screw power mechanism 13. The injection screw is arranged in the injection barrel, and the injection nozzle and the injection The screw power mechanism is respectively arranged at both ends of the injection screw, and the injection hopper is arranged at the feed end of the injection screw; the injection barrel is provided with a second supercritical fluid inlet, and the second supercritical fluid inlet passes through the pipeline and the supercritical fluid delivery unit connect. Among them, the injection screw power mechanism is used to drive the injection screw to work. After the polymer foamed pellets enter the injection barrel from the injection hopper, they are plasticized with the rotation of the injection screw to form a melt. During this process, the supercritical fluid The supercritical fluid of the delivery unit enters the injection barrel at the same time, the supercritical fluid is mixed with the molten material, and then injected into the mold cavity through the injection nozzle, expanded in the mold cavity, cooled and shaped to obtain a foamed product.
为了使超临界流体与熔体混合更充分，注射料筒上也可分布有多个超临界流体入口，各第二超临界流体入口处分别通过管道与超临界流体输送单元连接。In order to make the supercritical fluid and the melt mix more fully, a plurality of supercritical fluid inlets can also be distributed on the injection barrel, and each second supercritical fluid inlet is respectively connected to the supercritical fluid delivery unit through pipelines.
超临界流体单元包括储气瓶14、压力表15、冷却循环泵17和高压计量泵18，储气瓶、压力表、冷却循环泵和高压计量泵通过管道依次连接，管道末端为流体出口端；流体出口端与挤出发泡单元和注射发泡单元连接的管道上设有高压电磁阀19，压力表与冷却循环泵之间的管道上设有高压阀16。The supercritical fluid unit includes a gas storage bottle 14, a pressure gauge 15, a cooling circulation pump 17 and a high-pressure metering pump 18, and the gas storage bottle, pressure gauge, cooling circulation pump and high-pressure metering pump are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the end of the pipeline is a fluid outlet; A high-pressure solenoid valve 19 is provided on the pipeline connecting the fluid outlet end with the extrusion foaming unit and the injection foaming unit, and a high-pressure valve 16 is provided on the pipeline between the pressure gauge and the cooling circulation pump.
本实施例通过上述装置实现一种在线配混制备高性能微孔发泡塑料的注射成型方法，在挤出发泡单元内，物料和来自超临界流体输送单元的超临界流体塑化熔融混合挤出，初次发泡形成条状物，并通过恒温箱冷却定型，然后由切粒机进行造粒，形成高含气量的聚合物发泡粒料；将聚合物发泡粒料送入注射发泡单元，聚合物发泡粒料和来自超临界流体输送单元的超临界流体塑化熔融混合，然后向模具型腔注射进行二次发泡，形成高性能发泡制品。该方法不仅适用于制备单一聚合物的高性能发泡制品，也适用于制备填充改性和共混改性的高性能聚合物基复合材料发泡制品。In this embodiment, an injection molding method for preparing high-performance microcellular foamed plastics by on-line compounding is realized through the above-mentioned device. out, the initial foaming forms a strip, and is cooled and shaped by a constant temperature box, and then granulated by a pelletizer to form polymer foamed pellets with high gas content; the polymer foamed pellets are sent into the injection foaming Unit, polymer foam pellets and supercritical fluid from the supercritical fluid delivery unit are plasticized, melted and mixed, and then injected into the mold cavity for secondary foaming to form high-performance foamed products. The method is not only applicable to the preparation of high-performance foamed products of a single polymer, but also suitable for the preparation of high-performance polymer-based composite foamed products of filling modification and blending modification.
其具体过程为：在挤出发泡单元内，物料由挤出料斗进入挤出料筒，随着挤出螺杆的旋转进行熔融塑化，待挤出工艺条件稳定后打开连接挤出料筒的管道上的高压电磁阀，由超临界流体输送单元开始供气，熔融物料与气体在挤出螺杆的剪切塑化作用下均匀混合并推向挤出螺杆前端，形成的聚合物熔体和气体单一均相体系经过挤出机头的释压、发泡和定型，以及经过可控调节冷却温度的恒温箱后，进入切粒机，此时得到具有特定发泡结构和发泡密度，以及包含一定气量的聚合物发泡粒料。在注射发泡单元内，待发泡粒料在注射料斗中储积一定量后，启动微孔发泡注射成型机，通过控制连接注射料筒的管道上的高压电磁阀来调节注射料筒内的进气量，注射螺杆的剪切塑化作用将包含一定气量的聚合物熔体和适应性补充的打入注射料筒的气体再一次混合成均匀的单相体系，聚积在注射螺杆前端的熔体以一定的注射速度、注射压力和注射量被打入模具型腔内，由于压力突然释放带来的热力学巨大不稳定性，从而导致泡孔成核，最后经过模具内冷却定型后得到孔径相对均匀，泡孔密度稳定的发泡制品。结构的均一性和稳定性使得注射制品的性能大大提高。The specific process is: in the extrusion foaming unit, the material enters the extrusion barrel from the extrusion hopper, melts and plasticizes with the rotation of the extrusion screw, and opens the connection to the extrusion barrel after the extrusion process conditions are stable. The high-pressure solenoid valve on the pipeline starts to supply gas from the supercritical fluid delivery unit, and the molten material and gas are uniformly mixed under the shearing and plasticizing action of the extrusion screw and pushed to the front end of the extrusion screw to form polymer melt and gas The single homogeneous system enters the pelletizer after the pressure release, foaming and shaping of the extruder head, and the thermostat with controllable cooling temperature, at this time, it has a specific foam structure and foam density, and contains A certain volume of polymer foam pellets. In the injection foaming unit, after a certain amount of foamed material has been accumulated in the injection hopper, the microcellular foaming injection molding machine is started, and the pressure in the injection barrel is adjusted by controlling the high-pressure solenoid valve on the pipeline connected to the injection barrel. The amount of air intake, the shear plasticization of the injection screw mixes the polymer melt containing a certain amount of gas and the adaptive supplementary gas injected into the injection barrel into a uniform single-phase system again, and the melt accumulated at the front end of the injection screw The body is injected into the mold cavity at a certain injection speed, injection pressure and injection volume. Due to the huge thermodynamic instability caused by the sudden release of pressure, the cells are nucleated. Finally, after cooling and shaping in the mold, the relative pore size is obtained. Uniform, foamed product with stable cell density. The uniformity and stability of the structure greatly improves the performance of injection products.
如上所述，便可较好地实现本发明，上述实施例仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非用来限定本发明的实施范围；即凡依本发明内容所作的均等变化与修饰，都为本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围所涵盖。As mentioned above, the present invention can be better realized. The above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the scope of the present invention; Covered by the scope of protection required by the claims of the present invention.
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