CN103055900A - Pt/CdS composite visible-light-induced photocatalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pt/CdS composite visible-light-induced photocatalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂及其制备方法，所述的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂，即将助催化剂铂纳米颗粒负载到硫化镉上而形成的，负载量按重量比计算，即助催化剂铂纳米颗粒：硫化镉优选为0.5：100。其制备方法首先制备出具有特定形貌的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒，然后将所得的具有特定形貌的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒用浸渍法搅拌2h负载到硫化镉上，将得到的悬浊液过滤、洗涤、烘干，最终得到Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂。本发明的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂具有较高的光催化分解水制氢的反应活性。其制备方法简单易行，便于规模化生产。
The invention discloses a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst is formed by loading co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles on cadmium sulfide, and the loading is calculated by weight ratio, namely The ratio of promoter platinum nanoparticles: cadmium sulfide is preferably 0.5:100. The preparation method firstly prepares the co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles with a specific shape, and then the obtained co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles with a specific shape are loaded on the cadmium sulfide by an impregnation method for 2 hours, and the obtained suspension is filtered, After washing and drying, a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst is finally obtained. The Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst of the present invention has high photocatalytic reaction activity of decomposing water to produce hydrogen. The preparation method is simple and easy, and is convenient for large-scale production.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂及其制备方法，属于太阳能利用光解水制氢技术。 The invention relates to a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technology of hydrogen production by photolysis of water using solar energy.
技术背景 technical background
光催化技术以其易操作、无污染、可直接利用太阳光等优点成为当前太阳能利用的研究热点之一。 Photocatalytic technology has become one of the current research hotspots in solar energy utilization due to its advantages of easy operation, no pollution, and direct use of sunlight.
助催化剂在光催化分解水制氢反应体系中，起着非常重要的作用。光催化剂自身通常只有较低的或者根本没有分解水制氢活性，只有负载助催化剂之后，光催化剂才表现出较高的光催化分解水制氢活性。Pt有着很好的催化活性，改变助催化剂的晶体形貌，影响助催化剂对氢离子或水分子的表面吸附能力，将对分解水制氢反应体系的光催化活性带来巨大的影响。 The co-catalyst plays a very important role in the photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production reaction system. The photocatalyst itself usually has low or no activity of splitting water to produce hydrogen at all. Only after the co-catalyst is loaded, the photocatalyst shows a high photocatalytic activity of splitting water to produce hydrogen. Pt has good catalytic activity, changing the crystal morphology of the co-catalyst and affecting the surface adsorption ability of the co-catalyst to hydrogen ions or water molecules will have a huge impact on the photocatalytic activity of the water splitting hydrogen production reaction system.
本发明基于贵金属纳米颗粒的形貌控制合成对光催化活性的提高，开发出一种的Pt/CdS可见光复合光催化剂，来提高光解水体系的光催化性能。 The invention develops a Pt/CdS visible light composite photocatalyst based on the improvement of photocatalytic activity by the shape-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles to improve the photocatalytic performance of the photolysis water system.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一是提供一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂。 One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst.
本发明的目的之二是提供上述的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的制备方法，该制备方法简单易行、不需要复杂昂贵的设备、合成条件温和、便于规模化生产。 The second object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned preparation method of a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst, which is simple and easy, does not require complex and expensive equipment, has mild synthesis conditions, and is convenient for large-scale production.
本发明的技术方案 Technical scheme of the present invention
一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂，即将助催化剂铂纳米颗粒负载到硫化镉上而形成的，负载量按重量比计算，即助催化剂铂纳米颗粒：硫化镉为0.5：100； A Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst, which is formed by loading platinum nanoparticles as a co-catalyst on cadmium sulfide. The load is calculated by weight ratio, that is, platinum nanoparticles as a co-catalyst: cadmium sulfide is 0.5:100;
所述的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒的形貌优选为正立方八面体。 The morphology of the cocatalyst platinum nanoparticles is preferably cubo-octahedral.
上述的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤： The above-mentioned preparation method of a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst specifically comprises the following steps:
（1）、助催化剂铂纳米颗粒的制备； (1) Preparation of cocatalyst platinum nanoparticles;
将K2PtCl4 固体溶于去离子水中，得到K2PtCl4 溶液； K 2 PtCl 4 solid was dissolved in deionized water to obtain K 2 PtCl 4 solution;
将C14TABr放入去离子水中，超声溶解，得到C14TABr溶液； Put C 14 TABr into deionized water and ultrasonically dissolve to obtain a C 14 TABr solution;
将上述所得的K2PtCl4 溶液和C14TABr溶液两者混合后放入50℃的水浴锅中待溶液澄清后，加入硼氢化钠继续控制温度为50℃进行还原反应6h，得到助催化剂铂纳米颗粒； Mix the K 2 PtCl 4 solution and the C 14 TABr solution obtained above and put them in a water bath at 50°C until the solution is clarified, then add sodium borohydride and continue to control the temperature at 50°C to carry out the reduction reaction for 6 hours to obtain the cocatalyst platinum nanoparticles;
上述反应所用的K2PtCl4 溶液、C14TABr溶液和硼氢化钠的量按摩尔比计算，即K2PtCl4 ：C14TABr：硼氢化钠为1:1:45； The amount of K 2 PtCl 4 solution, C 14 TABr solution and sodium borohydride used in the above reaction is calculated by molar ratio, that is, K 2 PtCl 4 : C 14 TABr : sodium borohydride is 1:1:45;
（2）、将步骤（1）所得的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒通过浸渍法搅拌2h负载到硫化镉上，将得到的悬浊液过滤、洗涤、烘干，最终得到Pt/CdS复合光催化剂。 (2) The co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles obtained in step (1) were loaded onto cadmium sulfide by impregnation method and stirred for 2 hours, and the obtained suspension was filtered, washed and dried to finally obtain a Pt/CdS composite photocatalyst.
本发明的有益效果 Beneficial effects of the present invention
本发明的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂，由于利用具有特定的形貌，特别是正立方八面体特殊形貌的助催化剂Pt负载到光催化剂CdS的表面上，从而实现了对光催化剂CdS表面进行改性，并大幅提高硫化镉光催化剂光催化分解水制氢的反应活性。 A kind of Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst of the present invention, owing to utilize the co-catalyst Pt that has specific morphology, especially the specific morphology of cubo-octahedron to be loaded on the surface of photocatalyst CdS, thereby realized the surface of photocatalyst CdS Modification, and greatly improve the reactivity of cadmium sulfide photocatalyst photocatalytic splitting water to produce hydrogen.
进一步，本发明的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的制备方法简单易行、不需要复杂昂贵的设备、合成条件温和、便于规模化生产。 Further, the preparation method of a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst of the present invention is simple and easy, does not require complex and expensive equipment, has mild synthesis conditions, and is convenient for large-scale production.
附图说明 ： Description of drawings :
图1a、实施例1所得的具有正立方八面体的助催化剂Pt的TEM; The TEM of Fig. 1a, the cocatalyst Pt with regular cubo-octahedral obtained in Example 1;
图1b、实施例1所得的具有正立方八面体的助催化剂Pt的HRTEM图; The HRTEM figure that Fig. 1b, embodiment 1 gained have the cocatalyst Pt of regular cubo-octahedron;
图1c、实施例1所得的具有正立方八面体的助催化剂Pt的能谱EDS图; The energy spectrum EDS figure that Fig. 1c, embodiment 1 gained have the cocatalyst Pt of regular cubo-octahedron;
图2a、实施例1所得的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的TEM图； A TEM figure of a kind of Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst obtained in Fig. 2a, embodiment 1;
图2b、实施例1所得的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的HRTEM图； The HRTEM figure of a kind of Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst of Fig. 2b, embodiment 1 gained;
图2c、实施例1所得的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的能谱EDS图； The energy spectrum EDS figure of a kind of Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst of Fig. 2c, embodiment 1 gained;
图3、对照实施例和实施例1所得的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂利用可见光（波长大于 420nm）分解水制氢的活性情况，曲线a为对照实施例普通没有进行形貌控制的金属铂负载硫化镉所得的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂光催化分解水制氢的情况，曲线b为实施例1具有正立方八面体形貌的助催化剂铂负载的硫化镉所得的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂光催化分解水制氢的情况。 Figure 3, the activity of a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst obtained in the comparative example and Example 1 using visible light (wavelength greater than 420nm) to decompose water to produce hydrogen. The Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst obtained by loading cadmium sulfide is obtained by photocatalytically decomposing water to produce hydrogen. Catalytic splitting of water to produce hydrogen.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明进一步阐述，但并不限制本发明。 The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited.
实施例1Example 1
一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂，即将具有正立方八面体的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒负载到硫化镉上而形成的，负载量按重量比计算，即具有正立方八面体的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒：硫化镉为0.5：100。 A Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst, which is formed by loading co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles with cubo-octahedron on cadmium sulfide. Cadmium sulfide is 0.5:100.
上述的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤： The above-mentioned preparation method of a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst specifically comprises the following steps:
（1）、正立方八面体形貌的铂纳米颗粒的制备(1) Preparation of platinum nanoparticles with cube-octahedral morphology
取0.01245g 即1mM K2PtCl4 固体溶于10ml去离子水中，得到K2PtCl4 溶液； Dissolve 0.01245g of 1mM K 2 PtCl 4 solid in 10ml of deionized water to obtain a K 2 PtCl 4 solution;
取1.009g 即100mM的C14TABr溶于10ml去离子水中，超声10min，得到C14TABr溶液； Dissolve 1.009g of 100mM C 14 TABr in 10ml of deionized water, and sonicate for 10 minutes to obtain a C 14 TABr solution;
将上述所得的K2PtCl4 溶液和C14TABr溶液混合后放入50℃的水浴锅中待溶液澄清后，加入0.03405g 即45mM硼氢化钠，反应容器密闭，50℃水浴条件下进行催化还原反应6h，即得具有正立方八面体形貌的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒; Mix the K 2 PtCl 4 solution and C 14 TABr solution obtained above and put them in a water bath at 50°C until the solution is clarified, then add 0.03405g of 45mM sodium borohydride, seal the reaction vessel, and carry out catalytic reduction in a water bath at 50°C After reacting for 6 hours, the co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles with cube-octahedral morphology are obtained;
上述所得的具有正立方八面体形貌的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒的TEM、HRTEM图和能谱EDS图如图1a、图1b、图1c。从图1a的TEM图可以看出，制备所得的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒具有正立方八面体结构，从图1b的HRTEM图可以得出晶格间距为2.28，查表得该颗粒沿<111>方向生长，所得纳米颗粒为正立方八面体，从图1c的能谱EDS图可知所制备的具有正立方八面体的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒为纯相。 The TEM, HRTEM and energy spectrum EDS diagrams of the co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles with cubo-octahedral morphology obtained above are shown in Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b and Fig. 1c. From the TEM image of Figure 1a, it can be seen that the prepared co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles have a cube-octahedral structure. From the HRTEM image of Figure 1b, it can be concluded that the lattice spacing is 2.28, and the particle is along the <111> direction Growth, the resulting nanoparticles are cube-octahedral, from the energy spectrum EDS diagram of Figure 1c, it can be seen that the prepared platinum catalyst catalyst nanoparticles with cube-octahedron are pure phase.
（2）、Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的制备 (2) Preparation of Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst
称取1.09g即硫化镉固体，溶于100ml去离子水中，搅拌片刻，将步骤（1）已经制备好的具有正立方八面体的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒加入到硫化镉溶液中，使具有正立方八面体的助催化剂铂纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.5wt%，搅拌2h，将悬浊液过滤，用无水乙醇洗涤后，控制温度为60℃进行烘干，得到黄色纳米颗粒即为(0.5wt%) Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂。 Weigh 1.09g of cadmium sulfide solid, dissolve it in 100ml of deionized water, stir for a while, add the co-catalyst platinum nanoparticles with cube-octahedron prepared in step (1) into the cadmium sulfide solution to make The mass fraction of the octahedral cocatalyst platinum nanoparticles is 0.5wt%, stirred for 2h, the suspension is filtered, washed with absolute ethanol, and dried at a controlled temperature of 60°C to obtain yellow nanoparticles (0.5wt%) %) Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst.
上述所得的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂纳米颗粒的TEM、HRTEM图和能谱EDS图如图2a、图2b、图2c。从图2a的TEM图可以看出，助催化剂铂纳米颗粒成功的负载到了硫化镉表面，且分布均匀，从图2b中可以看出负载到硫化镉上的铂纳米颗粒保持了原有的特定的正立方八面体形貌，从图2c的EDS图可知Pt/CdS复合催化剂里含有硫、镉和铂元素。 The TEM, HRTEM, and energy spectrum EDS images of the Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst nanoparticles obtained above are shown in Figure 2a, Figure 2b, and Figure 2c. From the TEM image of Figure 2a, it can be seen that the cocatalyst platinum nanoparticles are successfully loaded on the surface of cadmium sulfide, and the distribution is uniform. From Figure 2b, it can be seen that the platinum nanoparticles loaded on cadmium sulfide maintain the original specific The morphology of the cubic octahedron, from the EDS diagram of Figure 2c, shows that the Pt/CdS composite catalyst contains sulfur, cadmium and platinum elements.
对照实施例1Comparative Example 1
一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂，即将金属铂负载到硫化镉上而形成的，负载量按重量比计算，即金属铂：硫化镉为0.5：100。 A Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst, which is formed by loading metal platinum on cadmium sulfide, and the loading amount is calculated by weight ratio, that is, metal platinum: cadmium sulfide is 0.5:100.
上述的一种Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤： The above-mentioned preparation method of a Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst specifically comprises the following steps:
称取1.09g即硫化镉固体，溶于100ml去离子水中，搅拌片刻，将金属铂加入到硫化镉溶液中，使铂的质量分数为0.5wt%，搅拌2h，将悬浊液过滤洗涤后控制温度为60℃进行烘干，得到黄色的(0.5wt%)Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂。 Weigh 1.09g of cadmium sulfide solid, dissolve it in 100ml of deionized water, stir for a while, add metal platinum to the cadmium sulfide solution so that the mass fraction of platinum is 0.5wt%, stir for 2h, filter and wash the suspension to control Dry at 60°C to obtain a yellow (0.5wt%) Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst.
应用实施例 Application example
将实施例1和对照实施例所得的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂在分解水制氢中的应用 Application of the Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example in splitting water to produce hydrogen
称取2份16.77g(NH4)2SO3，分别溶于100mL去离子水中，待(NH4)2SO3·H2O完全溶解后，一份加入实施例1所得的0.05g（0.5wt%）Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂，一份加入对照实施例所得的0.05g（0.5wt%）Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂，分别搅拌5min，将反应器与光解水制氢反应系统连接，将系统内的空气抽净。光源利用300W Xe灯，使用滤光片使入射光为可见光（420nm<λ<800nm），利用10cm高的水层滤掉光源中的红外线，防止反应液温度升高，使光降解反应温度稳定在室温状态。在氮气的气氛中，用气相色谱仪（GC7890Ⅱ，上海天美科学仪器有限公司）隔一定时间测其光催化性能。
上述的光催化分解水制氢的活性情况如图3所示，图3中曲线a表示对照实施例中按常规光还原法将铂金属负载在CdS上制备的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂光催化分解水制氢；曲线b表示实施例1所得的具有立方八面形貌的铂纳米颗粒负载到硫化镉上所得的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂光催化分解水制氢的活性情况，从图3中可以看出，对助催化剂铂进行形貌控制后所得的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂的催化活性有明显的提高，表明形貌控制合成的Pt/CdS复合可见光催化剂具有高效的可见光光催化性能。 The activity of the above-mentioned photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen is shown in Figure 3. Curve a in Figure 3 represents the photocatalytic decomposition of the Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst prepared by carrying platinum metal on CdS according to the conventional photoreduction method in the comparative example Hydrogen production from water; Curve b represents the activity of the Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst photocatalytically decomposing water to produce hydrogen from the Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst obtained by loading the platinum nanoparticles with cubic octahedral morphology obtained in Example 1, as can be seen from Figure 3 It can be seen that the catalytic activity of the Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst obtained after the morphology control of the cocatalyst platinum is significantly improved, indicating that the Pt/CdS composite visible light catalyst synthesized by the morphology control has efficient visible light photocatalytic performance.
上述内容仅为本发明构思下的基本说明，而依据本发明的技术方案所作的任何等效变换，均应属于本发明的保护范围。 The above content is only a basic description of the concept of the present invention, and any equivalent transformation made according to the technical solution of the present invention shall belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN104923264B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-05-10 | 淮北师范大学 | Preparation method and application of a noble metal-modified CdS nanorod photocatalyst |
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| CN104998663B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-06-06 | 福州大学 | A kind of composite photo-catalyst CdS Pt@CeO2And its preparation method and application |
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| CN113368874A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-10 | 福建技术师范学院 | Up-conversion photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
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