CN103054575A - Method for studying muscle fatigue on basis of static myoelectricity after electrical stimulation - Google Patents
Method for studying muscle fatigue on basis of static myoelectricity after electrical stimulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103054575A CN103054575A CN2013100146403A CN201310014640A CN103054575A CN 103054575 A CN103054575 A CN 103054575A CN 2013100146403 A CN2013100146403 A CN 2013100146403A CN 201310014640 A CN201310014640 A CN 201310014640A CN 103054575 A CN103054575 A CN 103054575A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- static
- electrode
- power spectrum
- electricity irritation
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 206010049565 Muscle fatigue Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003183 myoelectrical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002567 electromyography Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004118 muscle contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009989 contractile response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000018360 neuromuscular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000615 pisiform bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003314 quadriceps muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000658 ulnar nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Abstract
一种基于电刺激作用后静态肌电研究肌疲劳的方法：分别采集每一个受试者的静态表面肌电信号，包括：选择受试者和安排实验的时间，对受试者安置表面肌电电极和刺激电极，采集静态表面肌电信号；分别对采集到的静态表面肌电信号进行功率谱分析，对采集到的静态表面肌电信号，采用周期图法计算得到功率谱，根据功率谱绘制频谱图，计算中值频率，并进行分析。本发明可以表征出电刺激作用后表面肌电信号的变化，能够从频域对电刺激作用引起的肌电反应作出全面的评价，为后续的研究提供实验基础，从而为评价电刺激对人体作用的技术标准提供思路，促进电刺激的发展。
A method for researching muscle fatigue based on static electromyography after electrical stimulation: collect the static surface electromyographic signals of each subject separately, including: selecting subjects and arranging the time of the experiment, and placing surface electromyographic signals on the subjects Electrodes and stimulating electrodes, collect static surface electromyography signals; respectively analyze the power spectrum of the collected static surface electromyography signals, and calculate the power spectrum of the collected static surface electromyography signals by using the periodogram method, and draw according to the power spectrum Spectrogram, calculate median frequency, and perform analysis. The present invention can characterize the change of the surface electromyographic signal after the electric stimulation, can make a comprehensive evaluation of the electromyographic response caused by the electric stimulation from the frequency domain, and provide an experimental basis for the follow-up research, so as to evaluate the effect of the electric stimulation on the human body. The technical standards provide ideas and promote the development of electrical stimulation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that electricity irritation causes muscle fatigue of estimating.Particularly relate to a kind of method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect.
Background technology
Electricity irritation is applied to the multiple neuromuscular disease of clinical treatment gradually as a kind of safely and effectively rehabilitation mode, and its research and development has been subject to the attention of various countries.Yet the extensive use of electricity irritation also is subject to the restriction of a factor simultaneously, exactly by its muscle fatigue that brings out.Muscle fatigue typically refers to the temporary transient decline of this system's maximal work capacity or maximum collapse ability, and its effect that has a direct impact stimulation has reduced the contractile response of muscle.In the clinical treatment and neuromechanism research of electricity irritation, the measurement of muscle fatigue and Real Time Monitoring all are major issues.
The generation reason of muscle fatigue has exercise fatigue and stimulates tired, but the surface electromyogram signal when mostly being based on motion or stimulation and causing muscle contraction for the research of fatigue utilizes vibration to cause surface electromyogram signal in the fatigue process to estimate the people such as the experimentation of muscle fatigue and Wretcing such as people such as Chen Weiting and changes to estimate muscle fatigue by the myoelectricity of observing the moving contraction such as quadriceps femoris.These all bring out the variation that causes from the angle of muscle contraction to external force (moving or electricity irritation) and make analysis, yet behind the External Force Acting, the variation of the basic energy of myoelectricity itself does not have correlational study during the muscle attonity.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, the static surface electromyographic signal is carried out the analysis of muscle fatigue after providing a kind of method of utilizing power spectrum to the electricity irritation effect, can make from the emg response that frequency domain causes after to the electricity irritation effect method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect of thoroughly evaluating.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect comprises the steps:
1) gather respectively each experimenter's static surface electromyographic signal, comprising:
(1) selects experimenter, the time that arranges each experimenter to accept to test;
(2) to experimenter's seating surface electromyographic electrode and stimulating electrode;
(3) gather the static surface electromyographic signal;
2) respectively the static surface electromyographic signal that collects is carried out power spectrumanalysis,
To the static surface electromyographic signal that collects, adopt period map method to calculate power spectrum, draw spectrogram according to power spectrum, calculate median frequency, and analyze.
Selecting experimenter's number in the step 1) is that age gap was less than 3 years old more than 5.
The arrangement of surface myoelectric electrode is in the step 1), the active electrode of recording electrode is placed the muscle belly of muscle place that surveys, reference electrode places tendon, it is neighbouring without the muscle place that ground electrode then is positioned over recording electrode, the arrangement of stimulating electrode is, be positioned over the nervus motorius place, with the distance of recording electrode less than or equal to 10cm.
Gather the static surface electromyographic signal in the step 1) and comprise following process:
(1) the tranquillization surface electromyogram signal before one group of electricity irritation effect of record is as initialize signal;
(2) experimenter is applied electricity irritation, stop after the certain time, the static surface electromyographic signal when recording one group of muscle attonity at once;
(3) rest 1min;
(4) carry out successively again (2), (3) process.
Step 2) power spectrum described in is to adopt following method to obtain:
Period map method is the N point observation data x stochastic signal x (n)
N(n) directly carry out Fourier transformation, n is 1,2 ... N obtains X
N(Ω), then the mould of composing is carried out square operation and try to achieve power spectrum, formula is:
P in the formula
x(Ω) be real power spectrum P
xEstimated value (Ω).
Step 2) the calculating median frequency described in is to adopt following formula:
MDF is the median frequency of signal in the formula, and P (f) is the power spectrum energy value of each Frequency point, and N 〉=1 is signal data length.
Method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect of the present invention, can characterize out the variation of electricity irritation effect rear surface electromyographic signal, can make comprehensive evaluation from the emg response that frequency domain causes the electricity irritation effect, for follow-up research provides experiment basis, thereby provide thinking for estimating electricity irritation to the technical standard of human body effect, promote the development of electricity irritation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that gathers the static surface electromyographic signal in the embodiments of the invention;
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect of the present invention is made a detailed description.
Method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) gather respectively each experimenter's static surface electromyographic signal, comprising:
(1) select the experimenter, selecting experimenter's number is that age gap was less than 3 years old more than 5.The time that arranges each experimenter to accept to test; The experimenter is 7 in the present embodiment, and the age, physical condition was good between 23～25 years old, and 24h is not engaged in strenuous exercise before the experiment, and is subjective without arm muscle fatigue symptom.
(2) to experimenter's seating surface electromyographic electrode and stimulating electrode.
In the experiment of present embodiment, the amplification filtering of electromyographic signal and data acquisition system adopted be that the Micromed that is used for nerve diagnosis that Italian electric armarium company produces leads Physiological Signal Acquiring System more.Recording electrode adopts the bipolar electrode method, and the arrangement of surface myoelectric electrode is, the active electrode of recording electrode is placed the muscle belly of muscle place that surveys, i.e. the flexor carpi ulnaris m. place of experimenter's right upper extremity forearm, and reference electrode places tendon, and electrode diameter is 5mm.It is neighbouring without the muscle place that ground electrode then is positioned over recording electrode, as be placed on right finesse pisiform bone place, and electrode diameter is 5mm.With scrubbing cream skin is carried out frictional cleaning before the electrode arrangement, to reduce skin resistance.System carries electrostimulator and selects the constant current stimulation mode, and this mode can guarantee that larger variation does not occur because the experimenter is different from the impedance between stimulating electrode the electricity irritation degree.Stimulating electrode adopts copper saddle electrode, the arrangement of stimulating electrode is, be positioned over the nervus motorius place, with the distance of recording electrode less than or equal to 10cm, as be positioned over ulnar nerve place, right hand ancon top, and described stimulus parameter is that stimulus waveform is the pulse ripple, frequency is 5Hz, electric current is 6mA, and pulsewidth is 75us.
(3) gather the static surface electromyographic signal, as shown in Figure 2, comprise following process in the experiment of present embodiment:
(ⅰ) persistent period before one group of electricity irritation effect of record is that 5 seconds tranquillization surface electromyogram signal is as initialize signal;
(ⅱ) experimenter is applied cause tired electricity irritation, stimulus frequency is 5Hz, stops after the certain time, and present embodiment is to be to stop behind the 5min persistent period, the static surface electromyographic signal when recording one group of persistent period and be 5 seconds muscle attonity at once;
(ⅲ) rest 1min;
(ⅳ) carry out successively (ⅱ), (ⅲ) process, so circulation finishes for 15 times totally afterwards again.
2) respectively the static surface electromyographic signal that collects is carried out power spectrumanalysis,
To the static surface electromyographic signal that collects, adopt period map method to calculate power spectrum, draw spectrogram according to power spectrum, calculate median frequency, and analyze; Described power spectrum is to adopt following method to obtain:
Period map method is the N point observation data x stochastic signal x (n)
N(n) directly carry out Fourier transformation, n is 1,2 ... N obtains X
N(Ω), then the mould of composing is carried out square operation and try to achieve power spectrum, formula is:
P in the formula
x(Ω) be real power spectrum P
xEstimated value (Ω).
After electricity irritation caused muscle fatigue, the spectrum energy of electromyographic signal had obvious increase.But whether spectrum energy has skew not find out from this result, so again signal has been carried out the median frequency analysis.
Described calculating median frequency is to adopt following formula:
MDF is the median frequency of signal in the formula, and P (f) is the power spectrum energy value of each Frequency point, and N 〉=1 is signal data length.
The generation of the muscle fatigue that causes along with electricity irritation, the median frequency of static surface electromyographic signal is on a declining curve, and then the explanation spectrum curve has the effect of moving to left.This also verified generally believe at present deepen the viewpoint that the sEMG signal spectrum distributes and will compress left with degree of fatigue.
Claims (6)
1. the method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) gather respectively each experimenter's static surface electromyographic signal, comprising:
(1) selects experimenter, the time that arranges each experimenter to accept to test;
(2) to experimenter's seating surface electromyographic electrode and stimulating electrode;
(3) gather the static surface electromyographic signal;
2) respectively the static surface electromyographic signal that collects is carried out power spectrumanalysis,
To the static surface electromyographic signal that collects, adopt period map method to calculate power spectrum, draw spectrogram according to power spectrum, calculate median frequency, and analyze.
2. the method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that selecting experimenter's number in the step 1) is that age gap was less than 3 years old more than 5.
3. the method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the arrangement of surface myoelectric electrode is in the step 1), the active electrode of recording electrode is placed the muscle belly of muscle place that surveys, reference electrode places tendon, and it is neighbouring without the muscle place that ground electrode then is positioned over recording electrode, and the arrangement of stimulating electrode is, be positioned over the nervus motorius place, with the distance of recording electrode less than or equal to 10cm.
4. the method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that, gathers the static surface electromyographic signal in the step 1) and comprises following process:
(1) the tranquillization surface electromyogram signal before one group of electricity irritation effect of record is as initialize signal;
(2) experimenter is applied electricity irritation, stop after the certain time, the static surface electromyographic signal when recording one group of muscle attonity at once;
(3) rest 1min;
(4) carry out successively again (2), (3) process.
5. the method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described in power spectrum be to adopt following method to obtain:
Period map method is the N point observation data x stochastic signal x (n)
N(n) directly carry out Fourier transformation, n is 1,2 ... N obtains X
N(Ω), then the mould of composing is carried out square operation and try to achieve power spectrum, formula is:
P in the formula
x(Ω) be real power spectrum P
xEstimated value (Ω).
6. the method based on static myoelectricity research muscle fatigue after the electricity irritation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described in the calculating median frequency be to adopt following formula:
MDF is the median frequency of signal in the formula, and P (f) is the power spectrum energy value of each Frequency point, and N 〉=1 is signal data length.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310014640.3A CN103054575B (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | Based on the method for myoelectricity research muscle fatigue static after electricity irritation effect |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310014640.3A CN103054575B (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | Based on the method for myoelectricity research muscle fatigue static after electricity irritation effect |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103054575A true CN103054575A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| CN103054575B CN103054575B (en) | 2016-03-23 |
Family
ID=48097697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310014640.3A Expired - Fee Related CN103054575B (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | Based on the method for myoelectricity research muscle fatigue static after electricity irritation effect |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103054575B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105147251A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-16 | 宁波工程学院 | Muscle fatigue dynamic prediction method based on multi-channel sEMG |
| CN105232039A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-01-13 | 上银科技股份有限公司 | Physiological state feedback control method of gait training equipment |
| CN106175761A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of sense of touch detection device of synchronous detecting tactual stimulation power and electromyographic signal |
| CN107320097A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-07 | 合肥工业大学 | The method and apparatus that muscular fatigue feature is extracted using electromyographic signal marginal spectrum entropy |
| CN107468255A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | Smk株式会社 | Muscular states determine piece |
| CN108742614A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of muscular fatigue detection method of joint surface myoelectric flesh sound and near infrared spectrum |
| CN109864740A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-06-11 | 北京津发科技股份有限公司 | A kind of the surface electromyogram signal acquisition sensor and equipment of motion state |
| CN109965874A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-07-05 | 中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所 | A method of extracting duration cortex quiescent stage |
| CN111729199A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-10-02 | 上海市同济医院 | A nerve conduction block device for spasmolytic therapy |
-
2013
- 2013-01-15 CN CN201310014640.3A patent/CN103054575B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 何庆华等: "电刺激诱发表面肌电信号的初步实验研究", 《中国临床康复》 * |
| 王国祥等: "随意运动与电刺激诱发胫骨前肌疲劳过程中肌电图的变化特征", 《体育学刊》 * |
| 颜芳: "电刺激诱发表面肌电信号检测分析及肌疲劳的研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 医药卫生科技辑》 * |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105232039A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-01-13 | 上银科技股份有限公司 | Physiological state feedback control method of gait training equipment |
| CN105147251A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-16 | 宁波工程学院 | Muscle fatigue dynamic prediction method based on multi-channel sEMG |
| CN105147251B (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2017-12-22 | 宁波工程学院 | Muscular fatigue dynamic prediction method based on multichannel sEMG |
| CN107468255A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | Smk株式会社 | Muscular states determine piece |
| CN106175761A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of sense of touch detection device of synchronous detecting tactual stimulation power and electromyographic signal |
| CN107320097A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-07 | 合肥工业大学 | The method and apparatus that muscular fatigue feature is extracted using electromyographic signal marginal spectrum entropy |
| CN107320097B (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-05-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Method and device for extracting muscle fatigue characteristics using marginal spectral entropy of EMG signals |
| CN108742614A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of muscular fatigue detection method of joint surface myoelectric flesh sound and near infrared spectrum |
| CN109864740A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-06-11 | 北京津发科技股份有限公司 | A kind of the surface electromyogram signal acquisition sensor and equipment of motion state |
| CN109965874A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-07-05 | 中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所 | A method of extracting duration cortex quiescent stage |
| CN109965874B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-06-22 | 中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所 | Method for extracting cortex resting period duration |
| CN111729199A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-10-02 | 上海市同济医院 | A nerve conduction block device for spasmolytic therapy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103054575B (en) | 2016-03-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103054575A (en) | Method for studying muscle fatigue on basis of static myoelectricity after electrical stimulation | |
| Farina et al. | Effect of joint angle on EMG variables in leg and thigh muscles | |
| CN103006212B (en) | Analysis of Approximate Entropy inducing myoelectric potential M ripple evaluates the method that electricity irritation causes muscle fatigue | |
| CN110495880B (en) | Movement disorder cortical plasticity management method based on transcranial electrical stimulation brain muscle coupling | |
| Saitou et al. | Innervation zones of the upper and lower limb muscles estimated by using multichannel surface EMG | |
| Kilby et al. | Multi-channel surface electromyography electrodes: A review | |
| Merlo et al. | Technical aspects of surface electromyography for clinicians | |
| Mesin et al. | Investigation of motor unit recruitment during stimulated contractions of tibialis anterior muscle | |
| Al-Qaisi et al. | Electromyography analysis: Comparison of maximum voluntary contraction methods for anterior deltoid and trapezius muscles | |
| CN103169472B (en) | Based on the hurtless measure neuromuscular disease check system of sticking type electrode | |
| Peng et al. | Motor unit number estimation based on high-density surface electromyography decomposition | |
| Wang et al. | A simulation model of the surface EMG signal for analysis of muscle activity during the gait cycle | |
| CN102178524A (en) | Synchronization likehood-based electroencephalograph and electromyography synergistic analyzing method | |
| Ibáñez et al. | Recruitment order of motor neurons promoted by epidural stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injury | |
| Ma et al. | Analytical modelling of surface EMG signals generated by curvilinear fibers with approximate conductivity tensor | |
| Chan et al. | CleanEMG: Assessing the quality of EMG signals | |
| CN118557205A (en) | TMS motion threshold evaluation method, TMS motion threshold evaluation device and storage medium | |
| Faller et al. | Muscle fatigue assessment by mechanomyography during application of NMES protocol | |
| CN118044789A (en) | Transcranial magnetic stimulation evaluation system for endogenous paired-associated stimulation effects | |
| WO2010112825A2 (en) | Nervous system monitoring method | |
| Farina et al. | Effect of muscle‐fiber velocity recovery function on motor unit action potential properties in voluntary contractions | |
| CN115969395A (en) | A system and method for non-invasive assessment of cerebral cortex excitability | |
| Challis et al. | Electromyography | |
| Zhao et al. | Evaluation of lower-limb rehabilitation based on muscle fatigue | |
| Freitas et al. | Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters of Myoelectric Signals for Computational Simulations of Human Surface Electromyograms |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160323 |