CN103043216A - Freezing detector - Google Patents
Freezing detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN103043216A CN103043216A CN2012105131664A CN201210513166A CN103043216A CN 103043216 A CN103043216 A CN 103043216A CN 2012105131664 A CN2012105131664 A CN 2012105131664A CN 201210513166 A CN201210513166 A CN 201210513166A CN 103043216 A CN103043216 A CN 103043216A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a freezing detector and belongs to the technical field of freezing detection. The freezing detector comprises a freezing component, at least one vision sensor and a controller, the freezing component comprises a freezing rod with an ice accretion surface and a support structure, and the freezing rod is constructed into a streamlined wing structure and extends into air current from the support structure; the vision sensor is arranged to be an image which can acquire the ice accretion surface; and the controller is electrically connected with the vision sensor and comprises an image comparison module for comparing the acquired image with an initial image so as to judge whether the ice accretion surface of the freezing rod is frozen. According to the freezing detector, moving components are absent, and the reliability of image based judgment is high; and simultaneously, by means of the streamlined wing structure of the freezing rod, the ice accretion surface is provided with small pressure coefficients and large water collection coefficients, the freezing rod can faster and earlier freeze, and time for giving freezing warning can be brought forward.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of detecting of freezing, relate in particular to for the ice detection of surveying ice-formation condition.
Background technology
When aircraft flies under ice-formation condition, very easily produce icing at positions such as aircraft wing leading edge, nacelle leading edges.Airframe icing will cause aircraft to grasp steady quality degradation, airworthiness loss and Flight Safety Margin decline.
Current most of civil aircraft and transport plane all have been equipped with the flight icing detection system.Icing detection system can detect in early days aircraft and enter freeze meteorological conditions or airframe icing, and to send icing warning information, the prompting aviator manually boots antiicing system, perhaps directly starts antiicing system by icing detection system.Thereby icing detection is important measures that ensure flight safety.
US Patent No. 4,553,137 disclose a kind of icing detector of the vibration principle based on magnetostriction materials.The probe of this icing detector is made by magnetostriction materials, when aircraft enters ice-formation condition, descends because the mass penalty that freezes causes the probe vibration frequency, sends icing signal after being reduced to threshold values.The icing detector of this type is used widely at the aircraft of the models such as B737, A340, A380, B747, B777, ERJ, CRJ, ARJ.This icing detector is installed in the plane nose position, covers height Analysis deterrmination installation site by aerodynamic analysis and water droplet, for aircraft provides icing alarm.Yet the probe of this magnetostriction materials need to be arranged in the magnetic field of supporting construction, and supporting construction is complicated, and volume is larger, and essential electric deicing can cause its power consumption larger; Simultaneously, this probe is shaped as cylindrical, and it is lower because of critical temperature, and is difficult for satisfying the in recent years airworthiness requirement of seaworthiness authorities to dominating formula flight icing detection system and crossing cold large water droplet ice-formation condition.
US Patent No. 7,370,525 disclose a kind of photoelectricity icing detector, US Patent No. 4,461,178 disclose a kind of super sonic icing detector.Yet these two patented technologies all need to comprise feedway and receiving device, and the processing of signal causes whole panel detector structure complicated because the type of freezing is various and comparatively complicated, and reliability is lower.
(see Computer-Aided Design﹠amp at the paper " Icing DetectionUsing Image-based 3D Shape Recovery " that Chun sheng Yu and Qing jin Peng deliver; Applications, 7 (3), 2010,335-347) in, adopt two groups of pick up cameras to obtain the icing photo of power transmission lines, obtain the shape of freezing by image three-dimensional reconstruction and contrast, whether icing to judge power transmission line; U.S. COMBITECH company has described the employing photographic camera and has obtained the icing photo of blade in " Ice detection using imageanalysis " (seeing http://winterwind.se/2012/download/16 Combitech.pdf), based on the icing technology of graphical analysis monitoring blade of wind-driven generator.Then, image processing techniques is introduced in icing field of detecting.Yet said apparatus adopts existing pick up camera or photographic camera to obtain picture, passes by remote information pictorial information is delivered to the rear, carries out graphical analysis by computing machine, judges whether to freeze.This kind device volume is large, Heavy Weight, and mounting arrangements can not be applicable to the icing detection system of aircraft aboard.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, volume is little, lightweight, reliability is high and be easy to the aboard icing detector of mounting arrangements.
For this reason, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of icing detector, comprising:
Icing assembly, it comprises icing bar and the supporting construction with accumulated ice surface, described icing bar is configured to the fleetline airfoil structure and stretches into the air-flow from described supporting construction;
At least one vision sensor, it is arranged to obtain the image on described accumulated ice surface;
Controller, it is electrically connected with described vision sensor, and described controller comprises that the image comparison module is used for comparing from the described image of described vision sensor and the initial pictures on described accumulated ice surface, thereby judges whether described icing bar surface freezes.
Of the present invention aspect this, because based on image processing techniques, have movement-less part (bar that freezes relatively static and non-vibration), technology maturation, reliability is higher; Simultaneously because the streamline profile structure of the bar that freezes, can make the accumulated ice surface have less pressure coefficient and larger collection efficiency, make the bar that freezes have lower local static temperature and surface temperature, and have higher critical temperature, more easily freeze, and icing amount of unit time is larger; By optimizing profile the bar that freezes is more frozen morning faster, the time of sending the alarm of freezing can shift to an earlier date, and more easily satisfies the requirement of the icing detection system of leading formula.
Preferably, the side of described icing bar is arranged to along the tangential fluctuating waveform that is, and helps water to collect.
Further preferably, described icing bar has enough length so that cross cold flood and drop in and splash or can be frozen on the side of described icing bar when broken tangential, this will make icing detector of the present invention have the ability of surveying cold large water droplet, further enlarge the range of use of icing detector of the present invention.
Again further preferably, the leading edge of described icing bar is arranged to cylindrical or aerofoil profile.
Again more further preferably, the leading edge curvature of described icing bar is little as to be enough to make the collection efficiency of described icing bar to reach more than 0.9.
Preferably, described icing assembly also comprises semiconductor refrigerating element and is connected icing bar connection supporting construction thereon, thereby the cold junction of described semiconductor refrigerating element links to each other to its active refrigeration with described icing bar, and the hot junction links to each other to pass through its heat radiation with described supporting construction.Arrange semiconductor refrigerating element at icing bar assembly, bar carries out active refrigeration to freezing, can further reduce the surface temperature of the bar that freezes, the bar that is conducive to freeze freezes before wing/nacelle occurs to freeze, thereby it is icing that icing detector was detected before wing/nacelle occurs to freeze.
Further preferably, described semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in described icing bar lower end, and described cold junction is descending in upper and described hot junction.
As an alternative, described icing bar has the first inner chamber, and described semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in described the first inner chamber of described icing bar; Described semiconductor refrigerating element has the second inner chamber, and the upper end of described supporting construction extends into described the second inner chamber; The described cold junction of described semiconductor refrigerating element outside and described hot junction interior.
Preferably, described icing bar is transparent and is furnished with illumination component within it.In icing bar inside the shape that illumination component can be sketched the contours of ice better is set, cooperates vision sensor to obtain the image of icing bar under the different light intensity, improve the reliability that freezes and survey.
Further preferably, described illumination component is two groups, is arranged in leading edge place and postmedian in the described transparent icing bar.
Preferably, in described at least one vision sensor arranges over against described accumulated ice surface.Coordination by freeze bar and vision sensor position is arranged, can obtain better the icing image of icing bar.
Preferably, another side in described at least one vision sensor is arranged described accumulated ice surface.This further improves the reliability of the image that obtains.
Preferably, described vision sensor is miniature photographic means.
Further preferably, in described at least one vision sensor each comprises camera lens and imageing sensor at least, described camera lens is used for obtaining the image on described accumulated ice surface, and described imageing sensor is electrically connected to and image is sent to the described image comparison module of described control unit.
Again further preferably, described icing detector also comprises the flange that is connected between described icing assembly and the described controller, by described flange icing detector is installed aboard.Be provided with the alcove with transparency window on the described flange, the described camera lens of described vision sensor is exposed in the described alcove.By the setting of alcove on the flange, the camera lens that can make vision sensor over against and/or side to the accumulated ice surface of described icing bar, and provide protection by transparency window for camera lens, prevent that camera lens from hazing.
Again further preferably, have the inclined-plane towards described icing assembly in the described alcove, described camera lens exposes from described inclined-plane.The layout that is set to the relatively icing bar of vision sensor on inclined-plane provides convenience.
Again more further preferably, be provided with the automatic adjustable illumination component on the inclined-plane of described alcove.And/or vision sensor itself is with illumination component such as automatic adjustable flash light.The setting of illumination component can help vision sensor to obtain better accumulated ice surface image under the different light intensity condition.
Preferably, described icing bar is provided with the electric heater for deicing, the setting of electric heater be used to detect freeze after, the accumulated ice on the bar that freezes is removed ice-heating deicing-cooling circulation of freezing-survey that beginning is next.Be provided with for anti-icing electric heater on the described transparency window.Being provided with of electric heater helps the transparency window inside face and do not tie the mist outside face and do not freeze, guarantee that transparency window is penetrating on the one hand, make vision sensor effectively obtain the true situation of freezing on accumulated ice surface, guarantee that on the other hand the air in the alcove is higher than dew temperature, thereby prevent that effectively the camera lens surface from hazing.
Further preferably, described controller also comprises heating control module, and it is electrically connected with described image comparison module for controlling described electric heater and carries out electro heat.
Preferably, have the color mark that makes things convenient for image identification on the described accumulated ice surface of described icing bar, this helps to sketch the contours of better the shape of ice.
In a word, will freeze assembly, vision sensor and controller of icing detector provided by the invention is integrated in the device, has that volume is little, lightweight, technology maturation and a high reliability, is easy to aboard mounting arrangements.
By the following described embodiment of reference, these and other aspects of the present invention will clearly be set forth.
Description of drawings
Structure of the present invention and operating mode and further purpose and advantage will be better understood by the description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein, and the identical identical element of reference marker sign:
Fig. 1 is the schematic isometric view of icing detector according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the top plan view of icing detector among Fig. 1, and the direction of arrow is air flow line among the figure;
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of the A-A of icing detector among Fig. 2, and the direction of arrow is air flow line among the figure;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view of icing detector B part among Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 A is the schematic cross section of icing bar first embodiment of icing detector among Fig. 1, and the direction of arrow is air flow line among the figure;
Fig. 5 B is the schematic cross section of icing bar second embodiment of icing detector among Fig. 1, and the direction of arrow is air flow line among the figure;
Fig. 6 is the schematic functional block diagram of icing detector according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the icing detection operations principle schematic of according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention icing detector, and ice-heating deicing-cooling circulation of wherein, freezing-survey is carried out;
Fig. 8 A is the schematic isometric view of a preferred implementation of icing assembly of icing detector among Fig. 1, and wherein semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged at above-below direction and freezes between bar and the supporting construction;
Fig. 8 B is the top plan view of icing assembly among Fig. 8 A;
Fig. 8 C is the A-A cutaway view of icing assembly among Fig. 8 B;
Fig. 8 D is the assembly B partial enlarged view partly that freezes among Fig. 8 C;
Fig. 9 A is the schematic isometric view of another preferred implementation of the icing assembly of icing detector among Fig. 1, and wherein semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in the inward-outward direction along circumference and freezes between bar and the supporting construction;
Fig. 9 B is the top plan view of icing assembly among Fig. 9 A;
Fig. 9 C is the A-A cutaway view of icing assembly among Fig. 9 B;
Figure 10 A is the schematic longitudinal sectional view of the 3rd embodiment of the icing assembly of icing detector among Fig. 1, and the direction of arrow is air flow line among the figure;
Figure 10 B is the D-D cutaway view of icing assembly among Figure 10 A.
Description of reference numerals
1 icing assembly
11 icing bar 12 strut bars
110 accumulated ice surface
31 vision sensors, 32 second vision sensors
310 camera lenses, 320 second camera lenses
311 imageing sensors, 321 second imageing sensors
5 controllers
510 image comparison modules
7 flanges
71 alcoves, 72 second alcoves
710 transparency windows, 720 second transparency windows
721 second inclined-planes, 711 inclined-planes
712 illumination components, 722 second illumination components
713 photometry elements, 723 second photometry elements
8 electric couplers
9 aircraft related systems
1 ' icing assembly
11 ' icing bar 12 ' strut bar
13 ' semiconductor refrigerating element
131 ' cold junction, 133 ' hot junction
1 " icing assembly
11 " icing bar 12 " strut bar
112 " the first inner chamber
13 " semiconductor refrigerating element
131 " cold junction 133 " hot junction
132 " the second inner chamber
1 " ' icing assembly
11 " ' icing bar 12 " ' strut bar
112 " ' the first inner chamber
141 " ' the 3rd illumination component 141 " ' the 4th illumination component
The specific embodiment
As requested, will disclose the specific embodiment of the present invention here.Yet, should be understood that, disclosed embodiment only is exemplary of the present invention here, it can be presented as various forms.Therefore, here the detail that discloses is not considered to restrictive, and only be differently to use representational basis of the present invention as the basis of claim and as being used for instruction those skilled in the art in any appropriate mode of reality, comprise employing disclosed various features and in conjunction with the feature that may clearly not disclose here here.
Word herein " ice " is understood to include various ice, frost and composition thereof, and word herein " ice-formation condition " is interpreted as the ice-formation condition of airworthiness regulation appendix C definition, and crosses cold large water droplet ice-formation condition.
Icing detector as shown in Figures 1 to 4 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figures 1 to 4, and in conjunction with Fig. 5 A, 5B and Fig. 6, this icing detector 100 comprises: assembly 1, vision sensor 31, controller 5 freeze.The assembly 1 that freezes comprises icing bar 11 and is used for supporting icing bar 11 and makes it stretch into the strut bar 12 as supporting construction of air-flow.The bar 11 that freezes has accumulated ice surface 110 at its lateral wall.Vision sensor 31 is arranged over against the leading edge 111 of the bar 11 that freezes can obtain the image on accumulated ice surface 110.This vision sensor 31 comprises camera lens 310 and imageing sensor (CCD or CMOS) 311 (Fig. 6).Controller 5 is arranged to be electrically connected with vision sensor 31, and comprise image comparison module 510 (Fig. 6), be used for and compare from the image of vision sensor 31 and the initial pictures on accumulated ice surface 110, thereby whether the accumulated ice surface of judging the bar that freezes freezes.
In preferred implementation shown in Figure 1, icing detector 100 preferably has by it this icing detector is installed to flange 7 on the aircraft.This flange 7 is installed in and freezes between assembly 1 and the controller 5, can be used for supporting on the one hand the assembly 1 that freezes, and can be used on the other hand install vision sensor 31.Particularly, as shown in Figure 1, and in conjunction with Fig. 2-4, be provided with alcove 71 with transparency window 710 at flange 7, the camera lens 310 of vision sensor 31 is exposed in the alcove 71.By the setting of alcove on the flange, can make the camera lens 310 of vision sensor 31 over against the accumulated ice surface of the bar leading edge 112 of freezing, and provide protection by transparency window 710 for camera lens.Preferably, have in the alcove 71 towards the inclined-plane 711 of the assembly 1 that freezes, camera lens 310 exposes from this inclined-plane.The layout that is set to the relatively icing bar of vision sensor on inclined-plane provides convenience.Further preferably, be provided with automatic adjustable illumination component 712 on the inclined-plane 711 of alcove 71.Certainly, vision sensor 31 itself also can be with illumination component such as automatic adjustable flash light.The setting of illumination component can help vision sensor 31 to obtain image from accumulated ice surface 110 better.Again further preferably, also be provided with the photometry element 713 that is electrically connected with illumination component 712 on the inclined-plane 711 of alcove 71, the bright degree that it can the sensing surrounding environment also triggers illumination component 712 work when needed.
Refer again to Fig. 1 to 4 and in conjunction with Fig. 6, in this preferred implementation, also have the second vision sensor 32, its side arranges the accumulated ice surface 110 of the bar 11 that freezes, and is namely surperficial over against the accumulated ice of the bar side 114 that freezes.As vision sensor 32, this second vision sensor 32 also comprises the second camera lens 320 and the second imageing sensor 321 (Fig. 6).The second camera lens 320 is arranged in the second alcove 72 of flange 7 and is exposed to obtain the image on accumulated ice surface 110, the second alcove 72 and the first alcove 72 that wherein have the second transparency window 720 roughly are 90 ° of angles, namely the second alcove 72 is positioned at the side of the bar 11 that freezes, thereby the second camera lens 320 sides are to accumulated ice surface 110.As the first alcove 71, the second alcove 72 also has the second inclined-plane 721, the second photometry element 723 that is furnished with the second automatic adjustable illumination component 722 on the second inclined-plane 721 and is electrically connected with the second illumination component 722.
Need to prove, the bar 11 that freezes preferably is provided with the electric heater (not shown) for deicing, and transparency window 710,720 preferably is provided with for anti-icing electric heater (not shown) simultaneously.For this reason, controller 5 preferably also comprises heating control module 520, and it is electrically connected with image comparison module 510, and the electric heater that is used on the icing bar of control and the transparency window carries out electro heat.
In addition, should be understood that, the imageing sensor 310 of vision sensor 31 and the second vision sensor 32,320 can be preferably placed in the housing of controller 5.
Make respectively introduction below in conjunction with Fig. 1-4 and Fig. 6 with regard to each component part in this preferred implementation and effect thereof.
Vision sensor 31,32: can be miniature photographic means, press the image that certain frequency is taken the accumulated ice surface 110 of the bar 11 that freezes under the different light intensity.
Photometry element 713,723: measure extraneous (being surrounding environment) different light intensity; Can be photoconductive cell etc.
Illumination component 712,722: bar 11 provides illumination in order to freeze; Can be automatic adjustable flash light or automatic adjustable illumination component.Under imageing sensor 311,321 control, provide different illumination intensities according to extraneous different light intensity.
Imageing sensor (CCD or CMOS) 311,321: according to the light intensity that photometry element 713,723 records, regulate illumination intensity and front shutter, obtain the bar image that freezes.
Camera lens 310,320: use tight shot, the depth of field should be able to contain whole icing bar 11.
The transparency window 710,720 of electrified heating: electro heat under the control of heating control module 520, guarantee that the transparency window surface can not freeze or haze, guarantee photometry element 713 and 723, camera lens 310,320 and illumination component 712,722 a clearly visual field is arranged.
Should be understood that, in actual use, photometry element 713 and 723 can be arranged in the camera lens, also can be arranged in the illumination component 712,722.
The icing bar 11 of electrified heating: the fleetline airfoil structure has less pressure coefficient (higher critical temperature) and larger collection efficiency.
The supporting construction 12 of electrified heating: its length guarantees the bar 11 water droplet blind zones that freeze.
The accumulated ice surface of icing bar 11 can be provided with the portrayal mark as the unique point of image comparison; The color of bar accumulated ice surface 110 colors, marker color and the illumination light of freezing answers contrast strong, uses green such as the accumulated ice surface color, and marker color uses red, and illuminating lamp is sketched the contours of the shape of ice etc. better with blue.
Material for the assembly 1 that freezes is not particularly limited.
The bar 11 that freezes is designed to stream line pattern, the curvature of the bar leading edge 112 of freezing designs to such an extent that the less collection efficiency that obtains with the icing bar of enough assurances reaches more than 0.9, and stream line pattern can guarantee that icing bar 11 obtains less pressure coefficient (higher critical temperature); In addition, the bar 11 that freezes is designed to have enough length to guarantee that cold flood drops in fragmentation, in the situation such as splash, to be frozen on the accumulated ice surface 110 after discharging gradually latent heat tangential.Described icing bar leading edge 112 is designed to cylindrical, shown in Fig. 5 A, 5B.Preferably, the tangential fluctuating waveform that is is arranged in the bar side 114 that freezes, and sees Fig. 5 B, is beneficial to water and collects.
Image comparison module 510:
The icing bar image that image comparison module 510 will obtain from imageing sensor 311,321, the bar image freezes when being stored in freezing in the internal memory, use provincial characteristics method (shape) to compare, if two Image similarities are lower than threshold value, judge icing, coordinate electrical interface (being electric coupler) 8 and send icing signal, pass to aircraft related system 9.
The image comparison program is mature technology, uses at aspects such as Identification of Images, gate control systems, thereby no longer launches explanation at this.
In addition, need to prove, also can comprise the selftest module (not shown) in the above-mentioned controller 5.This selftest module is responsible for icing detector is carried out BIT (self check), if component failures is arranged, collaborative electric coupler 8 sends breakdown signal, passes to aircraft related system 9.Self-checking function is mature technology, does not do to launch explanation at this.
Electric coupler 8:
This electric coupler 8 connects the icing and breakdown signal of aircraft power supply, output vision sensor 31,32 generations; Controller 5 inside are connected with imageing sensor 311,321 by bus interface, when needing to obtain real-time similarity numerical value and icing bar picture when taking a flight test, are connected with data acquisition equipment by this bus interface.Electric coupler is mature technology, does not do to launch explanation at this.
Shown in Fig. 6,7, vision sensor 31,32 camera lens 310,320 are taken the images on freeze bar 11 fronts and accumulated ice surface, side with certain frequency; Image comparison module 510 is with the icing bar image after obtaining freezing from imageing sensor 311,321 and be stored in icing bar image when freezing the internal memory, determine image similarity based on the provincial characteristics algorithm, when front and/or side image similarity less than the threshold value of setting, collaborative electric connection 8 sends icing signal, for aircraft custom system 9,520 pairs of icing bars 11 of heating control module and strut bar 12 carry out electro heat simultaneously, except after ice-cooled, enter the next round bar that freezes and freeze-freeze and survey-circulation of the heating deicing-bar cooling of freezing; Heating control module 520 with certain power heating transparency window 710,720 to prevent that transparency window from freezing and/or haze; Selftest module carries out BIT to each parts and controller 5, electric connection 8, if fault is arranged, sends breakdown signal, for aircraft custom system 9 records and processing.
The advantage of present embodiment is:
A. can profile be optimized by aerodynamic analysis and droplets impact its analysis, make it have less pressure coefficient and larger collection efficiency; Less pressure coefficient means that the bar that freezes has lower local static temperature and surface temperature, and has higher critical temperature, more easily freezes; Larger collection efficiency, the meaning unit time, icing amount was larger; By optimizing profile the bar that freezes is more frozen morning faster, the time of sending the alarm of freezing can shift to an earlier date, and more easily satisfies the requirement of the icing detection system of leading formula.
B. bar tangential of freezing have enough length can guarantee cold flood drop in splash, in the situation such as fragmentation, can also be frozen in the bar side that freezes, that is to say, icing detector of the present invention has the ability of surveying cold large water droplet, has further enlarged the range of use of icing detector of the present invention.
C. the bar that freezes is compared the magnetic deformation probe, for connecting element is not vibrating mass, improves reliability; Material can be metal or other materials; Icing bar and vision sensor position co-ordination are arranged, obtain better the icing image of icing bar; In addition, invention has larger alerting ability to material, profile and the arrangement form of probe.
D. compare other sensors, this icing detector is based on graphical analysis, the technology comparative maturity, and reliability is high; In addition, can keep aspect Interface design with to have magnetostriction type now consistent, interchangeability is good.
Referring to Fig. 7 and introduce the working process of the icing detector of above-mentioned embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 6:
Step S1: imageing sensor 311 and imageing sensor 321 are pressed certain frequency, such as 1s once, measure light intensity by photometry element 713,723, control illumination component 712,722 and camera lens 310,320 is taken the image on the accumulated ice surface 110 of the front of the bar 11 that freezes and side simultaneously;
Step S2: image comparison program, with the icing bar image in front and side of taking, respectively with the front and the side image that are stored in the bar that freezes when not freezing in the internal memory, use the provincial characteristics algorithm to compare, when direct picture and/or its similarity of side image less than threshold value, such as 20%, judging freezes sends a certain time, such as the icing signal of 60s;
Step S3: after heating control module 520 obtains icing signal, begin freeze bar 11 and strut bar 12 are carried out electrical heating deicing; Freeze after the bar cooling, beginning is frozen again, if again detect in the 60s icing, the icing signal 60s of postponing.Repeating step S1, S2.
Step S4: heating control module 520 continues transparency window 710,720 electro heats anti-icing, makes transparency window keep penetrating.
In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, icing assembly also preferably includes semiconductor refrigerating element.Shown in Fig. 8 A to 8D, in the icing assembly 1 ' of a preferred implementation, it comprises freeze bar 11 ', strut bar 12 ' and semiconductor refrigerating element 13 ', wherein, semiconductor refrigerating element 13 ' is arranged at above-below direction and freezes between bar and the strut bar, cold junction 131 ' links to each other with icing bar 11 ' bar that freezes is carried out active refrigeration, and the hot junction 133 ' strut bar that was connected with strut bar 12 ' dispels the heat.During work, semiconductor refrigerating element 13 ' the T ℃ of temperature of bar 11 ' cooling Δ (general 1-2 ℃) of will freezing namely compared ambient temperature and reduced T ℃ of Δ.Like this, adopt on the basis of optimizing the bar profile of freezing in the above-mentioned preferred implementation of the present invention, arranged semiconductor refrigerating element at icing bar assembly, bar carries out active refrigeration to freezing, can further reduce the surface temperature of the bar that freezes, the bar that is conducive to freeze freezes before wing/nacelle occurs to freeze, and icing detector is detected icing before wing/nacelle occurs to freeze, in order to carry out the carrying out of follow-up counter-measure.
Fig. 9 A to 9C shows another preferred implementation of the assembly that freezes, and wherein semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in the inward-outward direction along circumference and freezes between bar and the strut bar.Semiconductor refrigerating element 13 " can make concentration ellipsis annular shape, its outside is cold junction 131 " with icing bar 11 " link to each other, its inside is hot junction 133 " with strut bar 12 " link to each other.Heat is by strut bar 12 " the first half be delivered to its lower part, dispel the heat again.Particularly, in this another preferred implementation of assembly of freezing, bar 11 freezes " have the first inner chamber 112 ", semiconductor refrigerating element 13 " be arranged in described the first inner chamber 112 of bar that freezes " in; Semiconductor refrigerating element 13 " have the second inner chamber 132 ", strut bar 12 " the upper end extend into the second inner chamber 132 "; The cold junction 131 of semiconductor refrigerating element " outside and hot junction 133 " interior.Should be understood that, semiconductor refrigerating element itself is based on Pa Er note principle, uses for maturation, needn't launch explanation at this.
Also have, although in the above-mentioned preferred implementation of icing detector of the present invention, illumination component is arranged in the alcove together with camera lens, should be appreciated that the bar inside that freezes also can arrange illumination component.Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B show the another preferred implementation of the assembly that freezes, in this embodiment, bar 11 freezes " ' electrified heating and be transparent; the transparent icing bar such as electrified heating uses the clear glass (or other transparent materials) of electrified heating to make; two groups of illumination components of inner preferred arrangements; be respectively the 3rd illumination component 141 " ', the 4th illumination component 143 " '; wherein; the 3rd illumination component 141 " ' be mainly the bar leading edge of freezing and provide illumination, the 4th illumination component 143 " ' bar middle part and rear portion provide illumination in order to freeze.In icing bar inside illumination component is set, can sketches the contours of better the shape of ice, cooperate vision sensor to obtain the bar image that freezes under the different light intensity.Other should be understood that, the photometry element 713 in the above-mentioned preferred implementation of the present invention, 723 also can be controlled these two groups of illumination components of the bar inside that freezes after measuring light intensity, to obtain better the image on icing bar front and accumulated ice surface, side.
Should be understood that, can adopt the icing bar structure shown in Figure 10 A to Figure 10 B in the icing assembly shown in Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 D fully, namely the icing bar of the icing assembly shown in Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 D also adopts transparent material to make, and internal placement has illumination component.Certainly, if necessary, in the icing bar shown in Fig. 9 A to 9C, also can arrange illumination component.In addition, about the streamline profile structure of the bar that freezes, i.e. the icing bar moulding of Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B demonstration, it all is suitable in the icing assembly of above-mentioned any one preferred implementation.
Technology contents of the present invention and technical characterstic have disclosed as above; yet be appreciated that; under creative ideas of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make various changes and improve said structure and material; comprise here disclosing separately or the combination of claimed technical characterictic, comprise significantly other combination of these features.These distortion and/or combination all fall in the technical field involved in the present invention, and fall into the protection domain of claim of the present invention.It should be noted that by convention, use discrete-component to be intended to comprise one or more such elements in the claim.In addition, any reference marker in claims should be configured to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. an icing detector is characterized in that, comprising:
Icing assembly, it comprises icing bar and the supporting construction with accumulated ice surface, described icing bar is configured to the fleetline airfoil structure and stretches into the air-flow from described supporting construction;
At least one vision sensor, it is arranged to obtain the image on described accumulated ice surface;
Controller, it is electrically connected with described vision sensor, described controller comprises that the image comparison module is used for comparing from the described image of described vision sensor and the initial pictures on described accumulated ice surface, thereby whether the accumulated ice surface of judging described icing bar freezes.
2. icing detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the side of described icing bar is arranged to along the tangential fluctuating waveform that is.
3. icing detector as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described icing bar has enough length so that cross cold flood and drop in and splash or can be frozen on the described side of described icing bar when broken tangential.
4. icing detector as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the leading edge of described icing bar is arranged to cylindrical or aerofoil profile.
5. icing detector as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, it is little as to be enough to make the collection efficiency of described icing bar to reach more than 0.9 that the leading edge of described icing bar is arranged to its curvature.
6. such as each described icing detector of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, described icing assembly also comprises semiconductor refrigerating element and is connected icing bar connection supporting construction thereon, thereby the cold junction of described semiconductor refrigerating element links to each other to its active refrigeration with described icing bar, and the hot junction links to each other to pass through its heat radiation with described supporting construction.
7. icing detector as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in described icing bar lower end, and described cold junction is descending in upper and described hot junction.
8. icing detector as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described icing bar has the first inner chamber, and described semiconductor refrigerating element is arranged in described the first inner chamber of described icing bar; Described semiconductor refrigerating element has the second inner chamber, and the upper end of described supporting construction extends into described the second inner chamber; The described cold junction of described semiconductor refrigerating element outside and described hot junction interior.
9. such as each described icing detector of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, described icing bar is transparent and is furnished with illumination component within it.
10. icing detector as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described illumination component is two groups, is arranged in leading edge place and postmedian in the described transparent icing bar.
11. such as each described icing detector of claim 1 to 10, it is characterized in that, one in described at least one vision sensor over against described accumulated ice surface layout.
12. icing detector as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, another side in described at least one vision sensor is arranged described accumulated ice surface.
13. icing detector as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described vision sensor is miniature photographic means.
14. icing detector as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, in described at least one vision sensor each comprises camera lens and imageing sensor at least, described camera lens is used for obtaining the image on described accumulated ice surface, and described imageing sensor is electrically connected to and image is sent to the described image comparison module of described control unit.
15. icing detector as claimed in claim 14, it is characterized in that, described icing detector also comprises the flange that is connected between described icing assembly and the described controller, be provided with the alcove with transparency window on the described flange, the described camera lens of described vision sensor is exposed in the described alcove.
16. icing detector as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, has the inclined-plane towards described icing assembly in the described alcove, described camera lens exposes from described inclined-plane.
17. icing detector as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, is provided with the automatic adjustable illumination component on the inclined-plane of described alcove.
18. such as each described icing detector of claim 15 to 17, it is characterized in that, be provided with the electric heater for deicing on the described icing bar, and/or be provided with for anti-icing electric heater on the described transparency window.
19. icing detector as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described controller also comprises heating control module, and it is electrically connected with described image comparison module for controlling described temperature booster and carries out electro heat.
20., it is characterized in that having the color mark that makes things convenient for image identification on the described accumulated ice surface of described icing bar such as each described icing detector of claim 1 to 19.
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| CN114284367A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Detector packaging structure and packaging method thereof |
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| CN114162331A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-03-11 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Icing detection device and icing detection method |
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| CN114843979A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-08-02 | 中北大学 | High-voltage cable deicing device based on giant magnetostrictive effect |
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