CN103037023A - Operation method of virtual machine system and virtual machine system - Google Patents

Operation method of virtual machine system and virtual machine system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103037023A
CN103037023A CN2012104846886A CN201210484688A CN103037023A CN 103037023 A CN103037023 A CN 103037023A CN 2012104846886 A CN2012104846886 A CN 2012104846886A CN 201210484688 A CN201210484688 A CN 201210484688A CN 103037023 A CN103037023 A CN 103037023A
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virtual machine
domain name
address
mac address
allocated
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CN103037023B (en
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江峰
谢朝阳
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Tianyi Cloud Technology Co Ltd
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Cloud Computing Branch of China Telecom Corp Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides an operation method of the virtual machine system and the virtual machine system, wherein the operation method comprises that the virtual machine sends requests of renting an internet protocol (IP) address to a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server when the virtual machine starts, wherein the requests comprise a media access control (MAC) address of the virtual machine; the DHCP server allocates the IP address to the virtual machine and ensures corresponding domain name of the MAC address of the virtual machine and sends corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address to the domain name system (DNS) server when the DHCP server receives the requests, wherein the DNS server sets up the incidence relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address; the DHCP server takes back the allocated IP address and sends notice to the DNS server when the DHCP server ensures that the virtual machine is shut down, wherein the DNS server deletes the incidence relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address. By the above method, convenience can be improved when users use the virtual machine.

Description

Operation method of virtual machine system and virtual machine system
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to network and virtualization technologies in the field of computers, in particular to a virtual machine system and an operation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
Since the virtualization technology is supported by hardware manufacturers, the performance of the software simulation hardware is greatly improved, so that the whole operating system, such as Windows, does not need to be directly installed on physical hardware but runs on virtual hardware to obtain fully acceptable performance. Such physical hardware is called a Physical Machine (PM), and Virtual hardware is called a Virtual Machine (VM).
The benefits of virtualization technology are apparent, i.e., the performance of a virtual machine can be dynamically adjusted. If there is a highly configured physical machine, multiple virtual machines can be created on the physical machine by using virtualization technology, and each virtual machine can be configured with different performance according to the needs of its running application. For example, a lower performance may be configured for a virtual machine in which an application that occupies little computer resources at runtime is located, or a higher performance may be configured for a virtual machine in which an application that occupies much computer resources at runtime is located. In addition, if the load of the low-configuration virtual machine is increased along with the increase of the traffic, the configuration of the virtual machine can be dynamically improved to meet the performance requirement, and if the load of the high-configuration virtual machine is reduced along with the reduction of the traffic, the configuration of the virtual machine can be dynamically reduced, so that the saved computing resources are distributed to other virtual machines.
Based on the above advantages, the virtual technology is widely used. The enterprise integrates idle hardware resources to form a virtual Internet Data Center (IDC), and a user can rent a virtual machine from the IDC to develop Internet services. In this way, the user can use the computing resources as required without separately purchasing a physical machine, and the cost of erecting a website and developing internet services for the user is greatly reduced.
When the virtual machine is used, the virtual machine needs to be accessed through an IP address. If the IDC allocates an IP address to the managed virtual machine in a static manner, and the virtual machine is not started for a long time after being closed by the user, the waste of limited IP resources is caused. Therefore, in general, the IDC allocates an IP address to a managed virtual machine in a dynamic manner, that is, the IP address is allocated to the virtual machine when the virtual machine is started, and the allocated IP address is recovered after the virtual machine is closed. However, in this way, the IP address allocated to the same virtual machine after each boot is likely to be different. If a user accesses a website running on a virtual machine in a fixed Domain name manner, the user must modify configuration on a Domain Name System (DNS) server after the virtual machine is restarted each time, and modify an IP address corresponding to a Domain name on the DNS server to an IP address assigned to the virtual machine after the virtual machine is started, which increases the burden of the user and brings inconvenience to the user in using the virtual machine.
[ summary of the invention ]
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for operating a virtual machine system and a virtual machine system, so as to improve the convenience of using a virtual machine for a user.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is to provide an operation method of a virtual machine system, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a virtual machine sends a request for renting an IP address to a DHCP server when starting, wherein the request comprises the MAC address of the virtual machine; the DHCP server allocates an IP address to the virtual machine after receiving the request, determines a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine according to a preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name, and sends the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address to a DNS server, wherein the DNS server establishes an association relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address after receiving the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address; and when the DHCP server confirms that the virtual machine is closed, the allocated IP address is recovered, and a notice is sent to the DNS server, wherein the DNS server deletes the association relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address after receiving the notice.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation of determining the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine according to the preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name specifically includes: a. extracting the MAC address of the virtual machine from the request; b. judging whether a record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine exists in a mapping table between a preset MAC address and a domain name, if so, executing the step c, otherwise, executing the step d; c. extracting the domain name in the record as the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine; d. and allocating a domain name for the virtual machine, taking the allocated domain name as a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine, and recording the corresponding relation between the allocated domain name and the MAC address of the virtual machine to the mapping table.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine is an alias of the backup domain name of the virtual machine.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation of the DHCP server confirming that the virtual machine is closed specifically includes: when the DHCP server receives a closing notification sent by the virtual machine, the closing of the virtual machine is confirmed; or, when the DHCP server does not receive the lease renewal request of the virtual machine to the allocated IP within a set length of time, determining that the virtual machine is closed.
The invention also provides a virtual machine system, which comprises a virtual machine, a DHCP server and a DNS server, wherein the virtual machine is used for sending a request for renting an IP address to the DHCP server when being started, and the request comprises the MAC address of the virtual machine; the DHCP server comprises an address management unit and a domain name determination unit, wherein the address management unit is used for allocating an IP address to the virtual machine after the DHCP server receives the request; the domain name determining unit is used for determining a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine according to a preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name after the DHCP server receives the request; the address management unit is further configured to send the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address to the DNS server; the DNS server is used for establishing an association relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address after receiving the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address; the address management unit is further configured to, after determining that the virtual machine is closed, retrieve the allocated IP address, and send a notification to the DNS server; the DNS server is further configured to delete the association between the corresponding domain name and the assigned IP address after receiving the notification.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the domain name determining unit includes: an extracting subunit, configured to extract the MAC address of the virtual machine from the request; a judging subunit, configured to judge whether a record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine exists in a mapping table between a preset MAC address and a domain name, if so, extract the domain name in the record as a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine, otherwise, allocate a domain name for the virtual machine, use the allocated domain name as a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine, and record a correspondence between the allocated domain name and the MAC address of the virtual machine to the mapping table.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine is an alias of the backup domain name of the virtual machine.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the determining, by the address management unit, a manner of closing the virtual machine specifically includes: when the address management unit receives a closing notification sent by the virtual machine, the address management unit confirms that the virtual machine is closed; or, when the address management unit does not receive a lease renewal request of the virtual machine to the allocated IP within a set length of time, determining that the virtual machine is closed.
It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, after receiving a request for renting an IP address sent by a virtual machine, the DHCP server in the present invention can bind the virtual machine with a unique domain name through a preset mapping table between an MAC address and the domain name, so that, no matter how many times the virtual machine is started, the DHCP server can determine the unique domain name belonging to the virtual machine, and send the IP address assigned this time and the unique domain name to the DNS server, and the DNS server establishes an association relationship to facilitate a user to resolve the domain name when accessing the virtual machine in a domain name manner. Through the mode, the invention can avoid the defect of manually modifying the records on the DNS server when the virtual machine is restarted without changing the realization of the virtual machine terminal, thereby greatly improving the convenience of using the virtual machine by a user and being beneficial to modifying the existing virtual machine system because of strong universality.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of an embodiment of a virtual machine system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the domain name determining unit 202 in the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for operating a virtual machine system according to the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a virtual machine system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the virtual machine system in this embodiment includes a virtual machine 100, a DHCP server 200, and a DNS server 300, and the virtual machine 100, the DHCP server 200, and the DNS server 300 are located in the same local area network.
The virtual machine 100 is located on one physical machine, and multiple other virtual machines may also be run on the physical machine.
The DHCP server 200 is a server that allocates an IP address to a terminal that acquires an IP address in a DHCP manner in a local area network according to a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
The virtual machine 100 is configured in advance to obtain an IP address in a DHCP manner at the time of starting, so that when the virtual machine 100 is started, a request for renting the IP address, that is, a broadcast packet of udp (user data program) is sent to the DHCP server, where the broadcast packet includes a mac (media Access control) address of the virtual machine 100.
The DHCP server 200 in this embodiment includes an address management unit 201 and a domain name determination unit 202.
The address management unit 201 assigns an IP address to the virtual machine 100 after the DHCP server 200 receives the lease request sent by the virtual machine 100.
According to the DHCP protocol, the IP address range of the DHCP server which can be allocated can be configured in advance to form an IP address pool. Thus, upon receiving a request sent by the virtual machine 100, the address management unit 201 can extract a currently unoccupied IP address from the IP address pool and allocate the unoccupied IP address to the virtual machine 100.
The domain name determining unit 202, after receiving the lease request sent by the virtual machine 100, determines the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 according to a preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name by the DHCP server 200. For the virtual machine 100, the MAC address can uniquely identify its network location, i.e., no change occurs to its MAC address no matter how many times the virtual machine 100 is started. The domain name determining unit 202 will be described later by way of specific embodiments.
The address management unit 201, after the domain name determining unit 202 obtains the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100, is further configured to send the corresponding domain name and the IP address allocated to the virtual machine 100 to the DNS server 300.
The DNS server 300, after receiving the corresponding domain name sent by the address management unit 201 and the IP address allocated to the virtual machine 100, establishes an association relationship between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address. The above-mentioned association relationship established by the DNS server 300 may be a table record, which is similar to the prior art in that the DNS server records the corresponding relationship between the domain name and the IP address input by the user.
The address management unit 201 is further configured to, after determining that the virtual machine 100 is turned off, reclaim the IP address previously allocated to the virtual machine 100, and send a notification to the DNS server 300. After receiving the notification sent by the address management unit 201, the DNS server 300 deletes the previously established association between the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 and the IP address assigned to the virtual machine 100.
The address determining unit 201, determining a manner of closing the virtual machine 100 specifically includes: when the address management unit 201 receives the shutdown notification sent by the virtual machine 100, it confirms that the virtual machine 100 is shutdown, or when the address management unit 201 does not receive a lease renewal request of the virtual machine 100 for the allocated IP within a set length of time, it determines that the virtual machine 100 is shutdown. For example, when the virtual machine 100 is normally shut down, a shutdown notification is sent to the DHCP server 200, and the address determination unit 201 may confirm that the virtual machine is shut down. In addition, if the virtual machine 100 is shut down due to an abnormality, such as a physical machine failure or power failure, the address management unit 201 cannot receive a lease renewal request within a set length of time, and it may also confirm that the virtual machine is shut down.
The following describes an implementation of the domain name determining unit 202 by using a specific embodiment. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a structure of a domain name determining unit 202 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the domain name determining unit 202 includes: an extraction subunit 2021, and a judgment subunit 2022.
The extracting subunit 2021 extracts the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 from the received lease request. As described above, the request sent by the virtual machine 100 is a udp (user datagram protocol) broadcast packet, which contains the MAC (media access control) address of the virtual machine 100, so that the extracting subunit 2021 can extract the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 from the request.
The determining subunit 2022 determines whether a record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 exists in a mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name, if so, extracts the domain name in the record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 as the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100, otherwise, allocates the domain name to the virtual machine 100, and uses the allocated domain name as the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100, and records a correspondence relationship between the allocated domain name and the MAC address of the virtual machine in the mapping table.
Referring to table 1, table 1 is a schematic structure of an embodiment of a mapping table between MAC addresses and domain names in the present invention.
TABLE 1
MAC address Corresponding domain name
00:12:34:56:78:90 001234567890.x.ec2.ctyun.cn
00:12:34:56:78:91 001234567891.x.ec2.ctyun.cn
00:12:34:56:78:92 001234567892.x.ec2.ctyun.cn
00:12:34:56:78:93 001234567893.x.ec2.ctyun.cn
In one embodiment, the predetermined mapping table may be an empty table. When the virtual machine 100 is started for the first time, since there is no record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 in the mapping table, the determining subunit 2022 allocates a domain name (for example, the domain name having the structure shown in the corresponding domain name column in table 1) to the virtual machine 100, and records the correspondence between the allocated domain name and the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 in the mapping table, so that when the virtual machine 100 is restarted and a lease address is applied, the determining subunit 2022 can search the record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 from the mapping table.
The domain name allocated by the determining subunit to the virtual machine 100 may be in any configuration form, may be in a form shown in the corresponding domain name column in table 1, or may be in other forms, which is not limited in this invention. Assuming that the MAC address of the virtual machine 100 is "00: 12:34:56:78: 90" in table 1, and the corresponding domain name is "001234567890. x.ec2.ctyun. cn", after each startup of the virtual machine 100, the user can access the virtual machine 100 through "001234567890. x.ec2.ctyun. cn", but if the user does not wish to access the virtual machine 100 through the domain name of "001234567890. x.ec2.ctyun. cn", but instead accesses the virtual machine 100 through a self-set backup domain name, for example, "www.sohu.com", he can register "001234567890. x.ec2.ctyun. cn" as an alias of the self-set backup domain name "www.sohu.com" in a DNS server of a public network. In this way, the user can normally access the virtual machine 100 no matter the user inputs "www.sohu.com" during the running period after the first startup of the virtual machine 100, without manually modifying the correspondence between the domain name and the IP address on the DNS server 300 once after each startup of the virtual machine 100 as in the prior art.
As another embodiment, the preset mapping table may also be a corresponding relationship table between the configured MAC address of the virtual machine and the backup domain name belonging to the virtual machine and set by the user. Referring to table 2, table 2 is a schematic structure of another embodiment of the mapping table.
MAC address Corresponding domain name
00:12:34:56:78:90 www.sina.com
00:12:34:56:78:91 www.baidu.com
00:12:34:56:78:92 www.sohu.com
00:12:34:56:78:93 www.163.com
In this way, the user does not need to make any settings in the DNS server of the public network. For the leaseholder of the virtual machine service, only one configuration interface needs to be provided for the user using the virtual machine service to configure the standby domain name before use, so that the subsequent use requirements of the user can be met, and the user can use the standby domain name for access without changing any setting no matter how many times the user restarts the virtual machine subsequently.
The implementation of the virtual machine system shown in fig. 1 is described above. The process of a user accessing virtual machine 100 is described below by way of one embodiment.
Assuming that the backup domain name of the virtual machine 100 is "www.sohu.com", and the structure of the mapping table is shown in table 1, when the user sends an access request with a domain name of "www.sohu.com" in the network, it can be known that "www.sohu.com" is an alias of "001234567890. x.ec2.ctyun. cn" at the DNS server of the public network, and a resolution request for the alias is sent. According to the DNS resolution principle, when a current level DNS server cannot perform resolution, a resolution request is made to a previous level DNS server until an IP address in a record related to "001234567890. x.ec 2.ctyun.cn" is found on the DNS server 300, so that an access request of a user can be sent to the virtual machine 100 according to the found IP address, thereby realizing access to the virtual machine 100. However, if the user requests access to the virtual machine 100, and the virtual machine 100 is in the off state, the relevant record cannot be found on the DNS server 300, and thus the user cannot access the virtual machine 100.
It can be seen that, by using the method of the present invention, the virtual machine service renter can freely open or close the virtual machine according to the needs. When the renting user wants to use the virtual machine to carry out the internet service to the outside, the virtual machine is opened to respond to the request of the access user, otherwise, the virtual machine is closed to stop the response to the outside, which is very useful for the renting user who uses the virtual machine to carry out the website test service.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for operating a virtual machine according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment includes:
step S401: the method comprises the steps that a virtual machine sends a request for renting an IP address to a DHCP server when starting, wherein the request comprises the MAC address of the virtual machine;
step S402: the DHCP server allocates an IP address to the virtual machine after receiving the request, determines a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine according to a preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name, and sends the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address to the DNS server, wherein the DNS server establishes an association relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address after receiving the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address.
Step S403: and when the DHCP server confirms that the virtual machine is closed, the allocated IP address is recovered, and a notice is sent to the DNS server, wherein the DNS server deletes the association relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address after receiving the notice.
According to an embodiment, in step S402, the operation of determining the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine according to the preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name specifically includes:
s4021: extracting the MAC address of the virtual machine from the request;
s4022: judging whether a record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine exists in a mapping table between a preset MAC address and a domain name, if so, executing a step S4023, otherwise, executing a step S4024;
s4023: extracting the domain name in the record as the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine;
s4024: and allocating a domain name for the virtual machine, taking the allocated domain name as a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine, and recording the corresponding relation between the allocated domain name and the MAC address of the virtual machine to the mapping table.
According to one embodiment, the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine is an alias of the backup domain name of the virtual machine.
According to an embodiment, in step S403, the operation of the DHCP server confirming that the virtual machine is turned off specifically includes: when the DHCP server receives a closing notification sent by the virtual machine, the closing of the virtual machine is confirmed, or when the DHCP server does not receive a lease renewal request of the virtual machine to the allocated IP within a set length of time, the closing of the virtual machine is determined.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An operation method of a virtual machine system comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a virtual machine sends a request for renting an IP address to a DHCP server when starting, wherein the request comprises the MAC address of the virtual machine;
the DHCP server allocates an IP address to the virtual machine after receiving the request, determines a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine according to a preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name, and sends the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address to a DNS server, wherein the DNS server establishes an association relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address after receiving the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address;
and when the DHCP server confirms that the virtual machine is closed, the allocated IP address is recovered, and a notice is sent to the DNS server, wherein the DNS server deletes the association relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address after receiving the notice.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the operation of determining the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine according to a preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name specifically comprises:
a. extracting the MAC address of the virtual machine from the request;
b. judging whether a record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine exists in a mapping table between a preset MAC address and a domain name, if so, executing the step c, otherwise, executing the step d;
c. extracting the domain name in the record as the domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine;
d. and allocating a domain name for the virtual machine, taking the allocated domain name as a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine, and recording the corresponding relation between the allocated domain name and the MAC address of the virtual machine to the mapping table.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the MAC address corresponding domain name of the virtual machine is an alias of the backup domain name of the virtual machine.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the DHCP server confirming that the virtual machine is shut down specifically comprises:
when the DHCP server receives a closing notification sent by the virtual machine, the closing of the virtual machine is confirmed; or,
and when the DHCP server does not receive the lease renewal request of the virtual machine to the allocated IP within a set length of time, determining that the virtual machine is closed.
5. A virtual machine system comprises a virtual machine, a DHCP server and a DNS server,
the virtual machine is used for sending a request for renting an IP address to the DHCP server when starting, wherein the request comprises the MAC address of the virtual machine;
the DHCP server comprises an address management unit and a domain name determination unit,
the address management unit is used for allocating an IP address to the virtual machine after the DHCP server receives the request;
the domain name determining unit is used for determining a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine according to a preset mapping table between the MAC address and the domain name after the DHCP server receives the request;
the address management unit is further configured to send the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address to the DNS server;
the DNS server is used for establishing an association relation between the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address after receiving the corresponding domain name and the allocated IP address;
the address management unit is further configured to, after determining that the virtual machine is closed, retrieve the allocated IP address, and send a notification to the DNS server;
the DNS server is further configured to delete the association between the corresponding domain name and the assigned IP address after receiving the notification.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the domain name determining unit comprises:
an extracting subunit, configured to extract the MAC address of the virtual machine from the request;
a judging subunit, configured to judge whether a record related to the MAC address of the virtual machine exists in a mapping table between a preset MAC address and a domain name, if so, extract the domain name in the record as a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine, otherwise, allocate a domain name for the virtual machine, use the allocated domain name as a domain name corresponding to the MAC address of the virtual machine, and record a correspondence between the allocated domain name and the MAC address of the virtual machine to the mapping table.
7. The system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the MAC address corresponding domain name of the virtual machine is an alias of the backup domain name of the virtual machine.
8. The system according to claim 5, wherein the determining, by the address management unit, a manner in which the virtual machine is shut down specifically comprises:
when the address management unit receives a closing notification sent by the virtual machine, the address management unit confirms that the virtual machine is closed; or,
and when the address management unit does not receive the lease renewal request of the virtual machine to the allocated IP within a set length of time, determining that the virtual machine is closed.
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