CN103036439B - Direct current wide-range input power supply - Google Patents

Direct current wide-range input power supply Download PDF

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CN103036439B
CN103036439B CN201210542160.XA CN201210542160A CN103036439B CN 103036439 B CN103036439 B CN 103036439B CN 201210542160 A CN201210542160 A CN 201210542160A CN 103036439 B CN103036439 B CN 103036439B
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current
voltage
output
control circuit
power
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CN103036439A (en
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贾华忠
张泽忠
张经
高波
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Shanxi Keda Automation Control Co ltd
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Shanxi Keda Automation Control Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a power supply control circuit and a 3:1 wide-range direct current input direct current DC/ direct current DC power supply so as to solve the problem that an existing DC/DC power supply is not wide enough in input range. The interior of the power supply control circuit is mainly composed of a power supply management module and a master control part, wherein the master control part is of a current control mode and comprises an error amplifier, a current comparator, a reset-set (RS) trigger, a logic control unit and a gate driver; and the power supply management module comprises a reference voltage source, a soft start controller and an undervoltage locking circuit.

Description

Direct current wide region input power
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power supply, particularly one possesses 3:1 wide region direct current input DC/DC power supply.
Background technology
The kind of DC/DC power supply is a lot of in the market, but their input range is general wide not, usually the ratio of input ceiling voltage Umax and minimum voltage Umin, and namely Umax/Umin is 2, such as, be input as 9V-18V, 18V-36V etc.And the occasion to a lot of special applications, this input range is difficult to meet consumers' demand, such as mine vehicle system, this system is primarily of generator powered, the output voltage of motor changes often significantly, so objectively require that DC/DC modular power source possesses wider working range, and like product obviously cannot meet its requirement on the market.Just based on this, we will develop aly possesses 3:1 wide region direct current input DC/DC power module, to fill a hole in the market, adapts to these particular application.It also can meet conventional use of course simultaneously, is " a tractor serves several purposes ".
The present invention wants to realize, how in wider input range, such as when 3:1, stably to power to each control module of system, system can normally be worked.How in wider input range, ensure the stable of the operating state of power supply, and input significantly change time, realize responding fast, ensure the quality exported.
Summary of the invention
The problem of wider working range cannot be provided to solve DC/DC power supply in prior art, the invention provides a kind of power control circuit, for in direct current wide region input DC/DC power supply, power control circuit is inner primarily of power management module and main control part composition, wherein, main control part adopts current-mode control, comprising: error amplifier, current comparator, rest-set flip-flop, logic control element, gate drivers; Power management module comprises: reference voltage source, soft start controller, undervoltage lockout circuit.
According to an aspect of the present invention, at main control part, voltage error sampled signal and given reference voltage voltage error amplifier compare amplify after export, then the output signal of current error signal and voltage error amplifier is compared and enlarged at current comparator, the output signal of current comparator inputs the R end of a rest-set flip-flop, the S of rest-set flip-flop holds connection oscillator, the output signal of rest-set flip-flop is transferred to a logic control element, the duty ratio of the output pulse of control gate driver is carried out with this, the current following error voltage of output is changed.
According to an aspect of the present invention, reference voltage source is used for providing internal reference source; Undervoltage lockout circuit is used for providing undervoltage lookout function, once supply power voltage is lower than the threshold voltage of setting, produces a level signal immediately and is transported to logic control element, turn off drive singal and export; The output signal that soft start controller produces according to undervoltage lockout circuit controls soft start slope.
According to an aspect of the present invention, power control circuit also comprises a saw-toothed wave generator, and the output clamp circuit be connected with error amplifier output.
According to an aspect of the present invention, also comprise current threshold protection module in power control circuit, overcurrent sampled signal and reference current are compared by overcurrent comparator, the result compared is input to soft start controller.
Present invention also offers a kind of direct current wide region input DC/DC power supply, comprise any one power control circuit above-mentioned.
Power control circuit in the present invention and direct current wide region input DC/DC power supply can be used in the system of mine vehicle system and other specific area, have broad prospects.Such as in primary cell electric power system, for the use occasion that is connected by two joint 12V primary cells, even if battery voltage drops to 50% of initial voltage, this module still can fault-free normally work, which greatly enhances the utilization ratio of battery, economic benefit is also very considerable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is further described in more detail.
Fig. 1 is the direct current wide region input power circuit diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the power control circuit main control part block diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the power control circuit power management module block diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the power control circuit block diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the power control circuit current threshold protection module according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, see accompanying drawing 1, direct current wide region input DC/DC power supply is designed with rectifier bridge BD1 at input.So, DC electrodeless input can be realized, power by low-voltage alternating-current again, expanded application scenario, and add the flexibility of use.Be connected to input filter capacitor C1 and C2 after rectifier bridge, for the interfering noise that filtering input is introduced, and provide a metastable input voltage to DC/DC conversion.
Direct current wide region input DC/DC power supply realizes controlling functions primarily of power control circuit, and the circuit coordinating discrete component to form, provides stable out-put supply.Power control circuit in the present invention is individual independently technical scheme, can realize the control to power circuit, can be independent be used in different power circuits, realize the control to electric power outputting current and voltage.First introduce the circuit that power control circuit is external, its each functional module of elucidated hereinafter.
Peripheral at power control circuit, external electric capacity C7 to the GND of SS port, control rate of climb when output voltage starts, this electric capacity is also for restarting the control of time after fault; ITH is that error amplifier compensates port, is connected to electric capacity C9 between itself and GND, goes back and is connected to the series circuit of electric capacity C8 and resistance R12; FB port accepts is transferred to the output voltage error signal of input side from outlet side by optical coupler EL817, be connected with resistance R16 between optical coupler EL817 and port FB, is connected with electric capacity C11 and resistance R17 between FB port and GND; External resistance R15 to the GND of FS, in order to arrange operating frequency; RUN port is connected to GND by external capacitor C10, and is connected to optical coupler EL817 U3A by R18; SYN port can be used for connecting outside synchronizing signal, directly meets GND here; IS port is connected to GND by R14 and R13, and it has two functions, and to current-mode control, it monitors switching current, and detect sampling by non-essential resistance, another function does slope-compensation; CC port directly meets GND; OUT end is drive output, the grid of external NMOS-FET Q1 and Q2, the source electrode of Q1 and Q2 is connected to GND by resistance R13, drain electrode is connected to the tap S2 of transformer T1 primary side, and be connected to the positive pole of diode D1, the negative pole of D1 is connected to the output of rectifier bridge BD1 and the tap S1 of transformer T1 primary side by the parallel circuits of resistance R7 and electric capacity C4, and its level range is from VCC to GND; VCC is connected to the output of rectifier bridge BD1 by resistance R1, R2, R3 and R4, wherein, is in series after R1 and R2 parallel connection with the parallel circuits of R3 and R4; The other end being also connected with electric capacity C3 and three end adjustable shunt reference source TL431, TL431 between VCC and GND is connected between resistance R5 and R6, and the other end of R5 connects the other end connection GND of VCC, R6; VCC is also connected to the tap S3 of transformer T1 primary side by resistance R8 and diode D2, electric capacity C5 is connected to the tie point of diode D2 negative pole and resistance R8, and the tap S4 of transformer T1 primary side meets GND.
In the primary side of transformer, tap S5 is by Schottky diode D4, the circuit that the series circuit of D5 and resistance R23 and electric capacity C14 is in parallel is connected to output port J2, electric capacity C15 and C16 is connected with between 1 pin of output port J2 and 2 pin, 2 pin are connected with the tap S6 of transformer T1 primary side and receive GND, 1 pin connects the positive pole of optical coupler EL817 U3B by resistance R22, 1 pin also meets GND by the series circuit of R20 and R21, the negative pole of optical coupler U3B and the indirect three end adjustable shunt reference source TL431 of GND, the series circuit of electric capacity C13 and resistance R19 is connected with between the negative pole of optical coupler U3B and the other end of three end adjustable shunt reference source TL431.
Next, we are described further the part of power control circuit.Power control circuit is inner primarily of power management module and main control part composition.
Main control part adopts current-mode control.Its comprising modules has: error amplifier, current comparator, rest-set flip-flop, logic control element, gate drivers.Specific works principle is as follows: voltage error sampled signal (FB) and given reference voltage voltage error amplifier compare amplify after export, then the output signal of current error signal (ISENSE) with voltage error amplifier is compared and enlarged at current comparator, the output signal of current comparator inputs the R end of a rest-set flip-flop, the S of rest-set flip-flop holds connection oscillator, the output signal of rest-set flip-flop is transferred to a logic control element, the duty ratio of the output pulse (OUT) of control gate driver is carried out with this, the current following error voltage (FB) of output is changed.Functional module as shown in Figure 2.
Compared with voltage-controlled type power-supply system before, current-control type system remains the output voltage feedback element of voltage-controlled type system, turn increases a current feedback link simultaneously.So, whole system develops into second-order system by original first-order system, substantially increases systematic function.When input voltage or load etc. have disturbance, the ability of system output disturbance suppression strengthens, as long as electric current slightly changes in loop, need not wait until that output voltage changes, just can automatically adjust, be equivalent to there is output voltage Derivative Feedback characteristic.Therefore current-mode control system possesses response speed and more reliable stability faster.In view of above advantage, have employed current-mode control scheme.
For ensureing that circuit is at relatively low voltage starting, provides the reference voltage that a group more accurate, and possessing enough driving forces and perfect power supply protection mechanism, need system power management module be increased.Its functional module as shown in Figure 3.
Power management module comprises: reference voltage source, soft start controller, undervoltage lockout circuit.Power management module is to drive circuitry.Reference voltage source is used for providing internal reference source; Undervoltage lockout circuit is used for providing undervoltage lookout function, once supply power voltage is lower than the threshold voltage of setting, produces a level signal immediately and is transported to logic control element, turn off drive singal and export; The output signal that soft start controller produces according to undervoltage lockout circuit controls soft start slope.
Visible see accompanying drawing 4, power control circuit is primarily of power management module and main control part composition.The pulse width modulation formed by oscillator in the voltage control of ITH end.Now; ITH end also arranges the activation threshold value of a current comparator; the ISENSE end input of current comparator monitors that foreign current detects the voltage on resistance (go here and there MOSFET source), and when each work period starts, oscillator arranges rest-set flip-flop; make external power MOSFET conducting; along with the electric current by external power MOSFET rises, ISENSE terminal voltage also rises, and current comparator is when reaching protection level; reset by SR, close external power MOSFET.
Perform a complete closed loop current type from FB end by error amplifier, current comparator and rest-set flip-flop to control, thus keep output voltage stabilization.
In addition, power control circuit also comprises a saw-toothed wave generator, and the output clamp circuit be connected with error amplifier output.
Make power supply reliably working, how what first will solve realizes reliably powering beyond doubt.Consider that this case input voltage is minimum for 10V, power according to independent power supply to power control part, then accessory power supply equally also must ensure stable output when inputting significantly change, and this obviously will increase the complexity of circuit, also improves cost simultaneously.Meanwhile we notice, the energy consumption of power control part itself is very low, and mainly concentrate in output driving pulse (OUT).
In view of above consideration, fixing DC voltage is selected to carry out start-up circuit work.After circuit start, the feedback winding in transformer exports the voltage possessing certain precision of voltage regulation through rectifying and wave-filtering, is done further voltage stabilizing process and can replace startup DC voltage circuit to system power supply.
Start DC voltage voltage stabilizing and feed back power supply voltage stabilizing and realize by one piece of TL431.
The TL431 that Texas Instruments (TI) produces is the three end adjustable shunt reference sources having good thermal stability.Its output voltage just can be set to from Verf(2.5V with two resistance arbitrarily) to any value within the scope of 36V.The exemplary dynamic impedance of this device is 0.2 Ω, and replace Zener diode with it in many applications, it possesses following characteristic:
■ output voltage able to programme: 2.5V ~ 36V
■ Voltage Reference error: ± 0.4%, representative value@25 DEG C (TL431B)
The low dynamic output impedance of ■: 0.22 Ω (representative value)
■ equivalence gamut temperature coefficient: 50 ppm/ DEG C (representative value)
■ temperature operation fully determines operating temperature range
■ output current 1.0--100 milliampere
■ maximum input voltage is 37V
■ maximum operating currenbt 150mA
■ internal reference voltage is 2.5V.
Although input voltage range is wider, because starting current is little, TL431 circuit can provide a comparatively accurate voltage stabilizing to export completely.Thereupon, startup and power pack circuit are readily solved.TL431 is a chip that many engineers know, and its application circuit is relatively simple, repeats no more herein.Concrete connecting circuit is see accompanying drawing 1.
After start, the frequency that internal system oscillator is set by the resistance that FS is external starts vibration, and SYNC is used for the input of external pulse signal, need not herein.Input voltage provides supply power voltage through the voltage stabilizing of TL431 circuit to power control circuit after current-limiting resistance, thus start-up circuit work, then replace start-up circuit to system power supply by feedback winding filtering voltage regulation.Power management module can detect the change of supply power voltage, when appearance of powering is abnormal, is exported by logic control element stop signal.
Booting moment, because output voltage does not also have enough time to set up, so the output error signal that existence one is larger, if do not have soft start measure, can cause control loop overshoot, just can enter stable state through several cycles.Increase system soft start function for this reason, in soft start-up process, the capacitor charging over the ground that inner constant-current source is external to SS end, and control duty ratio using capacitance voltage as error signal, and then progressively set up output voltage, avoid impact and the overshoot of booting moment.
After circuit start enters stable state, output voltage error signal is transferred to primary side by optocoupler, the FB end be input to after dividing potential drop, for avoiding exporting transmitted noise and the interference of circuit self-noise, adds bypass capacitor over the ground at FB.ITH is the output of voltage error amplifier, and it connects the frequency response that resistance capacitance compensation network carrys out bucking-out system output error signal over the ground.Primary side is then come input side current sample by being connected on N-MOS pipe source electrode leakage resistance of crossing over the ground, is input to IS end as current error signal by resistance.This current error signal, except as except the variable of pulse-width modulation, is also used for realizing overcurrent and short-circuit protection.
Output error signal and internal reference first compare and enlarge by power control circuit inside, thus output current reference signal.This current reference signal compares and enlarges output total error signal with current error signal again, and this error signal and sawtooth waveforms compare rear output PWM modulation signal, controls the change of duty ratio, and then adjustment output voltage stabilization is at preset value.The dicyclo closed loop control mode that system that Here it is self adopts, can realize stable voltage and export, effectively can control again the fluctuation of electric current, greatly enhance the reliability of system.
The technical parameter that power supply in the embodiment of the present invention realizes is as follows:
Input: DC 10V-30V
Export: DC18V/1A
Possess and export safety protection characteristic
Inputting output voltage withstand class is 1500V
Inputting, exporting shell voltage withstand class is 500V
Possesses the anti-countermeasure of input
Bulk temperature is no more than 100 degree
Output ripple≤200mV
Load regulation≤5%.
Alternatively, in order to realize complete current protection, in power control circuit, also current threshold protection module can be increased, as Fig. 5 shows.Overcurrent sampled signal and reference current are compared by overcurrent comparator, the result compared is input to soft start controller.Because main control part has possessed current sampling signal defencive function, this function does not temporarily use.
Outlet side can produce stable output voltage after adopting Schottky rectification and capacitor filtering.The error signal of outlet side detects has the mode of classical TL431+ optocoupler to realize, and is described previously, no longer explains in detail herein.
DC/DC power module of the present invention can realize the wide region direct current input with 3:1, can be used in the system such as mine vehicle system, primary cell electric power system, possesses wide prospect.Such as in primary cell electric power system, for the use occasion that is connected by two joint 12V primary cells, even if battery voltage drops to 50% of initial voltage, this module still can fault-free normally work, which greatly enhances the utilization ratio of battery, economic benefit is very considerable.
Although describe embodiment of the present invention and various functional unit thereof in a particular embodiment, but be to be understood that, can realize embodiment of the present invention with hardware, software, firmware, middleware or their combination, and embodiment of the present invention can be used in multiple systems, subsystem, assembly or its sub-component.Each embodiment of the present invention can combine mutually with the device in other embodiment, instead of isolated, single embodiment, can mutually merge and form new embodiment or different solutions between all embodiments.
Although the present invention detailed illustrate and describe one relevant and specifically implement exemplary reference, those skilled in the art should be understood that, not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention and can make various change in the form and details.These changes all will fall into claim of the present invention scope required for protection.

Claims (2)

1. a power control circuit, in direct current wide region input DC/DC power supply, is characterized in that:
Power control circuit is inner primarily of power management module and main control part composition, wherein,
Main control part adopts current-mode control, comprising: error amplifier, current comparator, rest-set flip-flop, logic control element, gate drivers;
Power management module comprises: reference voltage source, soft start controller, undervoltage lockout circuit;
Peripheral at power control circuit, external electric capacity C7 to the GND of SS port, control rate of climb when output voltage starts, this electric capacity is also for restarting the control of time after fault; FB port accepts is transferred to the output voltage error signal of input side from outlet side by optical coupler EL817, be connected with resistance R16 between optical coupler EL817 and port FB, is connected with electric capacity C11 and resistance R17 between FB port and GND; External resistance R15 to the GND of FS, in order to arrange operating frequency; RUN port is connected to GND by external capacitor C10, and is connected to optical coupler EL817 U3A by R18; IS port is connected to GND by R14 and R13, and to current-mode control, it monitors switching current, detects sampling, and do slope-compensation by non-essential resistance.
2., as the power control circuit in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
At main control part, voltage error sampled signal and given reference voltage voltage error amplifier compare amplify after export, then the output signal of current error signal and voltage error amplifier is compared and enlarged at current comparator, the output signal of current comparator inputs the R end of a rest-set flip-flop, the S of rest-set flip-flop holds connection oscillator, the output signal of rest-set flip-flop is transferred to a logic control element, carry out the duty ratio of the output pulse of control gate driver with this, the current following error voltage of output is changed.
3., as the power control circuit in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Reference voltage source is used for providing internal reference source; Undervoltage lockout circuit is used for providing undervoltage lookout function, once supply power voltage is lower than the threshold voltage of setting, produces a level signal immediately and is transported to logic control element, turn off drive singal and export; The output signal that soft start controller produces according to undervoltage lockout circuit controls soft start slope.
4., as the power control circuit in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Power control circuit also comprises a saw-toothed wave generator, and the output clamp circuit be connected with error amplifier output.
5., as the power control circuit in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Also comprise current threshold protection module in power control circuit, overcurrent sampled signal and reference current are compared by overcurrent comparator, the result compared is input to soft start controller.
6. a direct current wide region input DC/DC power supply, is characterized in that:
Comprise as the power control circuit in claim 1-5 any one.
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CN105207481B (en) 2015-09-23 2018-05-25 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 A kind of loop compensation circuit and switching power circuit
CN110769564B (en) * 2019-11-08 2021-05-14 深圳市崧盛电子股份有限公司 Circuit capable of automatically adjusting output current along with input voltage and LED driving power supply
CN117895420A (en) * 2024-03-14 2024-04-16 电子科技大学 Pulse width detection protection circuit for power module of rotary traveling wave tube

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