CN103036029B - A kind of horn antenna - Google Patents
A kind of horn antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN103036029B CN103036029B CN201110297916.4A CN201110297916A CN103036029B CN 103036029 B CN103036029 B CN 103036029B CN 201110297916 A CN201110297916 A CN 201110297916A CN 103036029 B CN103036029 B CN 103036029B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of horn antenna, and it comprises antenna body and is close on antenna body bore face or is positioned at the Meta Materials in dead ahead, antenna body bore face, and the central axis of described antenna body is through the central point of described Meta Materials; Described Meta Materials comprises base material and cycle and is arranged in multiple artificial metal's micro-structurals on base material, the rounded distribution of described Meta Materials refractive index everywhere, the refractive index of circle centre position is maximum, along with the increase of radius, refractive index reduces gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.The present invention by setting up the Meta Materials with aggregation feature on existing antenna body, radiation again after the electromagnetic wave of antenna body radiation is converged by Meta Materials, the angle of radiation of electromagnetic wave again after radiation be greater than converge before electromagnetic angle of radiation, expand the radiation scope of antenna body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna technical field, particularly relate to a kind of horn antenna.
Background technology
Horn antenna refers to the trumpet-shaped antenna of waveguide terminal flare up, and it is gained the name and comes from its shape.Horn antenna structure is simple and directional diagram is easy to control, can be used as directive antenna and also can be used as feed.
The angle of radiation of horn antenna is determined by bell-mouthed size, when needs expand its angle of radiation, needs accordingly to expand its bell-mouthed size.Prior art is not when increasing horn mouth size, and the method expanding angle of radiation is generally sets up concavees lens in horn antenna front end, makes the electromagnetic wave of radiation be dispersed thus expand angle of radiation due to the dissipating effect of concavees lens.Because the curved surface of concavees lens manufactures difficulty, a kind of convex lens that utilize also are proposed to expand the solution of aerial radiation angle in prior art, as shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 1, the electromagnetic wave of aerial radiation after convex lens converge again divergent radiation go out, the electromagnetic angle of radiation that divergent radiation is gone out again is greater than the electromagnetic angle of radiation before not converging.But convex lens still need to manufacture curved surface in uneven thickness and reach required effect, and convex lens thickness is thicker, is unfavorable for the trend of existing equipment miniaturization.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, for the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, proposes the wider and horn antenna that angle of radiation can freely control, size is less of a kind of radiation scope.
The present invention solves its technical problem, the technical scheme adopted proposes a kind of horn antenna, it comprises: antenna body and be close to antenna body bore face on or be positioned at the Meta Materials in dead ahead, antenna body bore face, the central axis of described antenna body is through the central point of described Meta Materials; Described Meta Materials comprises base material and cycle and is arranged in multiple artificial metal's micro-structurals on base material, the rounded distribution of refractive index on described Meta Materials, the refractive index of circle centre position is maximum, along with the increase of radius, refractive index reduces gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.
Further, on described Meta Materials with its central point for the center of circle, to be the refractive index at r place be radius:
Wherein, d is the thickness of Meta Materials; Ss is by the distance of the some spacing Meta Materials central point of described antenna body equivalence; N (0) is the refractive index value of described Meta Materials central point; θ is that the electromagnetic wave incident of the point source radiation of antenna body equivalence is to the incidence angle on Meta Materials; α is the electromagnetic angle of emergence after being dispersed by Meta Materials.
Further, the bore face shape of described antenna body is circular, rectangle or trapezoidal.
Further, described multiple artificial metal's micro-structural has identical geometry, the rounded distribution on the substrate of described multiple artificial metal's micro-structural, artificial metal's microstructure size of circle centre position is maximum, along with the increase of radius, the size of artificial metal's micro-structural reduces, and artificial metal's microstructure size at same radius place is identical.
Further, the geometry of described artificial metal's micro-structural is " work " font, comprises the first vertical metal branch and is positioned at described first metal branch two ends and perpendicular to the second metal branch of described first metal branch.
Further, described geometry also comprises and is positioned at described second metal branch two ends and perpendicular to the 3rd metal branch of described second metal branch.
Further, the geometry of described artificial metal's micro-structural is plane snowflake type, comprises orthogonal two the first metal branch and is positioned at described first metal branch two ends and perpendicular to the second metal branch of described first metal branch.
Further, described base material is macromolecular material, ceramic material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
Further, described base material is FR-4 material or F4B material.
Further, described artificial metal's micro-structural is arranged on described base material by etching, electroplating, bore quarter, photoetching, electronics quarter or ion cycle of carving.
The present invention, by setting up the Meta Materials with aggregation feature on existing antenna body, expands the angle of radiation of antenna body, and freely can control the electromagenetic wave radiation angle after dispersing, and range of application is wider, and adjustability is strong.Meanwhile, the aerial radiation gain after converging via Meta Materials is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic utilizing convex lens divergent electromagnetic ripple in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of the elementary cell forming Meta Materials;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a kind of horn antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of Meta Materials in a kind of horn antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that on the Meta Materials vertical section on horn antenna of the present invention, refraction index profile calculates schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is when the antenna body bore face shape of horn antenna is rectangle, the schematic cross-section of Meta Materials;
Fig. 7 can produce response to change the geometry topology pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural of the first better embodiment of Meta Materials elementary cell refractive index to electromagnetic wave;
Fig. 7 a is the derivative pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural geometry topology pattern in Fig. 7;
Fig. 8 can produce response to change the geometry topology pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural of the second better embodiment of Meta Materials elementary cell refractive index to electromagnetic wave;
Fig. 8 a is the derivative pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural geometry topology pattern in Fig. 8;
Fig. 9 is the far-field distribution experimental result picture of antenna body when not having Meta Materials;
Figure 10 is the far-field distribution experimental result picture of antenna body when having Meta Materials;
Figure 11 is the near field distribution experimental result picture of antenna body when not having Meta Materials;
Figure 12 is the near field distribution experimental result picture of antenna body when having Meta Materials.
Embodiment
Light, as electromagnetic one, it is when passing glass, because the wavelength of light is much larger than the size of atom, therefore we can use the univers parameter of glass, such as refractive index, instead of the details parameter of the atom of composition glass describes the response of glass to light.Accordingly, when research material is to other electromagnetic responses, in material, any yardstick also can with the univers parameter of material to electromagnetic response much smaller than the structure of electromagnetic wavelength, and such as DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε and magnetic permeability μ describe.The structure often put by designing material is made the dielectric constant of material each point and magnetic permeability all identical or different thus makes the dielectric constant of material monolithic and magnetic permeability be certain rule arrangement, magnetic permeability and the dielectric constant of rule arrangement can make material have response macroscopically to electromagnetic wave, such as, converge electromagnetic wave, divergent electromagnetic ripple etc.Such have rule arrangement magnetic permeability and dielectric constant material we be referred to as Meta Materials.
As shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the perspective view of the elementary cell forming Meta Materials.The elementary cell of Meta Materials comprises the base material 2 of man-made microstructure 1 and the attachment of this man-made microstructure.In the present invention, man-made microstructure is artificial metal micro structure, artificial metal's micro-structural has and can produce the plane of response or three-dimensional topological structure to incident electromagnetic wave electric field and/or magnetic field, and the pattern and/or the size that change the artificial metal's micro-structural in each Meta Materials elementary cell can change each Meta Materials elementary cell to the response of incident electromagnetic wave.Multiple Meta Materials elementary cell arranges according to certain rules and Meta Materials can be made to have the response of macroscopic view to electromagnetic wave.Due to Meta Materials overall need to incident electromagnetic wave have macroscopical electromagnetic response therefore each Meta Materials elementary cell need form continuous response to the response of incident electromagnetic wave, this requires that each Meta Materials elementary cell is of a size of 1/1 to five/10th of incident electromagnetic wave, is preferably 1/10th of incident electromagnetic wave.During this section describes, what we were artificial is divided into multiple Meta Materials elementary cell by Meta Materials entirety, but should know that this kind of division methods is only for convenience of description, should not regard Meta Materials as spliced by multiple Meta Materials elementary cell or assemble, in practical application, Meta Materials is arranged on base material in artificial metal's micro-structural cycle and can forms, and technique is simple and with low cost.Namely cycle arrangement refers to that the artificial metal's micro-structural in above-mentioned each Meta Materials elementary cell that we artificially divide can produce continuous print electromagnetic response to incident electromagnetic wave.
Please refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the structural representation of horn antenna of the present invention.In Fig. 3, horn antenna comprises antenna body 100 and is close to the Meta Materials 300 on antenna body bore face.The axis of symmetry of antenna body passes the central point of Meta Materials.Can ground be imagined, Meta Materials 300 be positioned at dead ahead, antenna body 100 bore face and antenna body bore face in a distance time still can realize the object of the invention.
Please refer to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is the perspective view of Meta Materials in horn antenna of the present invention.In Fig. 4, Meta Materials 300 comprises base material 301, and the cycle is arranged in the multiple artificial metal's micro-structurals 302 on base material.In the present embodiment, for encapsulating convenient and protection artificial metal micro-structural, multiple artificial metal's micro-structural 302 is also coated with the cover layer 303 that a layer thickness is all identical with base material 301 with material.Multiple artificial metal's micro-structural 302 all has identical geometry, the rounded distribution on base material 301 of multiple artificial metal's micro-structural 302, circle centre position, also namely artificial metal's microstructure size of Meta Materials center is maximum, along with the increase of radius, artificial metal's microstructure size reduces, and artificial metal's microstructure size at same radius place is identical.
When Meta Materials 300 is cut open from centre, the refraction index profile on the vertical section of Meta Materials 300 revolves the overall refractive index distribution of turning around and being Meta Materials 300.We can learn the refraction index profile of Meta Materials 300 entirety by the refraction index profile on Meta Materials 300 vertical section.As shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 is that on Meta Materials vertical section on horn antenna of the present invention, refraction index profile calculates schematic diagram.In Fig. 5, antenna body is equivalent to a point source.The spherical wave that point source sends is being dispersed after Meta Materials, and when the spherical wave that point source sends incides on Meta Materials, electromagnetic incidence angle is θ, and the electromagnetic wave required for us is α by the angle of emergence after dispersing after Meta Materials.As calculated, we can show that the distribution relation formula of Meta Materials refractive index is:
Wherein, r is the radius value of artificial metal's micro-structural distance Meta Materials central point with identical refractive index, is also in Fig. 5, apart from the distance of central axis on Meta Materials vertical section; D is the thickness of Meta Materials; Ss is the distance of the equivalent point spacing Meta Materials central point of antenna body; The refractive index value that n (0) is Meta Materials central point is also the largest refractive index value of Meta Materials.
Further, due to the largest refractive index that n (0) is Meta Materials, when n (0) is larger with free space refractive index, the electromagnetic wave that free space incides on Meta Materials can part be reflected.In such cases, also can set up impedance matching layer in Meta Materials both sides, to reduce reflection, increase gain.
Meanwhile, when the bore shape of horn antenna speaker body of the present invention changes, only need to intercept required shape on the basis of original circular design.As shown in Figure 6, in figure, when dotted portion is initial designs, the annulus distribution of refractive index and artificial metal's micro-structural, when antenna body bore face shape is rectangle, directly intercepts the rectangle of bold portion on the basis of annulus distribution.
The geometry meeting artificial metal's micro-structural that above-mentioned Meta Materials refraction index profile requires has multiple, but is all the geometry that can produce response to incident electromagnetic wave.Most typically be " work " font artificial metal micro-structural.Several artificial metal's micro-structural geometry is described below in detail.On Meta Materials, the size of artificial metal's micro-structural that each point refractive index is corresponding draws by Computer Simulation, also by manually calculating.
As shown in Figure 7, Fig. 7 can produce response to change the geometry topology pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural of the first better embodiment of Meta Materials elementary cell refractive index to electromagnetic wave.In Fig. 7, artificial metal's micro-structural is in " work " font, comprise the first vertical metal branch 1021 and this first metal branch 1021 vertical and be positioned at second metal branch 1022 at the first metal branch two ends respectively, Fig. 7 a is the derivative pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural geometry topology pattern in Fig. 7, it not only comprises the first metal branch 1021, second metal branch 1022, and every article of second metal branch two ends are also vertically installed with the 3rd metal branch 1023.
Fig. 8 can produce response to change the geometry topology pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural of the second better embodiment of Meta Materials elementary cell refractive index to electromagnetic wave.In Fig. 8, artificial metal's micro-structural is plane snowflake type, comprises orthogonal first metal branch 1021 ' and two the first metal branch 1021 ' two ends are all vertically installed with the second metal branch 1022 '; Fig. 8 a is the derivative pattern of the micro-structural of artificial metal shown in Fig. 8 geometry topology pattern, it not only comprises two the first metal branch 1021 ', four the second metal branch, 1022 ', four article of second metal branch two ends are also vertically installed with the 3rd metal branch 1023 '.Preferably, the first metal branch 1021 ' length is equal and crossing perpendicular to mid point, and the second metal branch 1022 ' length is equal and mid point is positioned at the first metal branch end points, and the 3rd metal branch 1023 ' length is equal and mid point is positioned at the second metal branch end points; Above-mentioned metal branch be arranged so that artificial metal's micro-structural is isotropism, namely in plane belonging to artificial metal's micro-structural, any direction rotates artificial metal micro-structural 90 ° and can make metal micro structure with protoplast and overlap.Adopt isotropic artificial metal's micro-structural energy simplified design, reduce interference.
In the present invention, base material can be obtained by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material etc.Such as, the macromolecular material such as polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy resin, FR-4, F4b.Artificial metal's micro-structural is attached on base material by etching, plating, the methods such as quarters, photoetching, electronics quarter or ion quarter of boring.Wherein etching is preferably manufacturing process, its step is after the plane pattern designing suitable artificial metal's micro-structural, first a tinsel is integrally attached on base material, then etching machines is passed through, the chemical reaction of solvent and metal is utilized to get rid of foil parts beyond artificial metal's micro-structural predetermined pattern, remaining artificial metal's micro-structural that can obtain periodic array arrangement.
After obtaining above-mentioned Meta Materials, we test the angle of radiation of antenna body.As shown in Fig. 9,10,11,12.Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is respectively far-field distribution experimental result picture when antenna body does not have above-mentioned Meta Materials and has above-mentioned Meta Materials, Figure 11 and Figure 12 is respectively near field distribution experimental result picture when antenna body does not have above-mentioned Meta Materials and has above-mentioned Meta Materials.In above-mentioned Fig. 9 to Figure 12, the value at zero point of angle of radiation is the angle value of Meta Materials central axis.Test condition in this preferred embodiment is: n (0) is 6.43, the distance ss of the equivalent point spacing Meta Materials of antenna body is 0.032 meter, Meta Materials is made up of 3 layers of the same metamaterial sheet, every layer of metamaterial sheet thickness is 0.818 millimeter, and namely Meta Materials integral thickness d is 0.818*3=2.454 millimeter.As can be seen from test result, no matter the horn antenna with Meta Materials is that the horn antenna tool that near field distribution or its gain of far-field distribution value are compared without Meta Materials improves a lot, and overall angle of radiation also expands.Meanwhile, Meta Materials of the present invention is writing board shape, manufacture and transport more easy, further, in the present embodiment, Meta Materials thickness is only 2.454 millimeters, and horn antenna body self thickness and size sharply can not be increased because adding Meta Materials.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that present inventive concept and claim protect, also can make a lot of form, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a horn antenna, is characterized in that: on the bore face comprising antenna body and be close to antenna body or be positioned at the Meta Materials in dead ahead, antenna body bore face, and the central axis of described antenna body is through the central point of described Meta Materials; Described Meta Materials comprises base material and cycle and is arranged in multiple artificial metal's micro-structurals on base material, the rounded distribution of refractive index on described Meta Materials, the refractive index of circle centre position is maximum, along with the increase of radius, refractive index reduces gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical; On described Meta Materials with its central point for the center of circle, to be the refractive index at r place be radius:
Wherein, d is the thickness of Meta Materials; Ss is by the distance of the some spacing Meta Materials central point of described antenna body equivalence; N (0) is the refractive index value of described Meta Materials central point; θ is that the electromagnetic wave incident of the point source radiation of antenna body equivalence is to the incidence angle on Meta Materials; α is the electromagnetic angle of emergence after being dispersed by Meta Materials.
2. horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the bore face shape of described antenna body is circular, rectangle or trapezoidal.
3. horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described multiple artificial metal's micro-structural has identical geometry, the rounded distribution on the substrate of described multiple artificial metal's micro-structural, artificial metal's microstructure size of circle centre position is maximum, along with the increase of radius, the size of artificial metal's micro-structural reduces, and artificial metal's microstructure size at same radius place is identical.
4. horn antenna as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the geometry of described artificial metal's micro-structural is " work " font, comprise the first vertical metal branch and be positioned at described first metal branch two ends and perpendicular to the second metal branch of described first metal branch.
5. horn antenna as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described geometry also comprises and is positioned at described second metal branch two ends and perpendicular to the 3rd metal branch of described second metal branch.
6. horn antenna as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the geometry of described artificial metal's micro-structural is plane snowflake type, comprise orthogonal two the first metal branch and be positioned at described first metal branch two ends and perpendicular to the second metal branch of described first metal branch.
7. horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described base material is macromolecular material, ceramic material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
8. horn antenna as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: described base material is FR-4 material or F4B material.
9. horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described artificial metal's micro-structural is arranged on described base material by etching, electroplating, bore quarter, photoetching, electronics quarter or ion cycle of carving.
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| CN201110297916.4A CN103036029B (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2011-09-29 | A kind of horn antenna |
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| CN201110297916.4A CN103036029B (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2011-09-29 | A kind of horn antenna |
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| CN103036029B true CN103036029B (en) | 2016-01-13 |
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| BR112019004151B1 (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2022-10-04 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd | DUAL BAND CORNET ANTENNA AND SATELLITE ANTENNA |
| CN108399053A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-08-14 | 常州信息职业技术学院 | A kind of print system and its working method based on Cloud Server function |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
| CN101867094A (en) * | 2010-05-02 | 2010-10-20 | 兰州大学 | Focusing panel antenna |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
| CN101867094A (en) * | 2010-05-02 | 2010-10-20 | 兰州大学 | Focusing panel antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| X-band High Directivity Lens Antenna Realized by Gradient Index Metamaterials;Xi Chen 等;《Microwave Conference,2009.APMC 2009.Asia Pacific》;20091210;第793-797页 * |
| 基于信心人工电磁材料的Ku波段高增益透镜天线;陈玉山;《海战场电子信息科学技术论文集》;20110901;第172-174页 * |
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