CN1030350C - Measurement of dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration by nuclear method - Google Patents
Measurement of dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration by nuclear method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1030350C CN1030350C CN 93107797 CN93107797A CN1030350C CN 1030350 C CN1030350 C CN 1030350C CN 93107797 CN93107797 CN 93107797 CN 93107797 A CN93107797 A CN 93107797A CN 1030350 C CN1030350 C CN 1030350C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method which adopts gamma-rays or beta-rays to measure the dam flood discharge atomizing concentration. The method comprises the following steps: a rating test is carried out in a room; the counting rate of purified water and purified gas of the gamma-rays and the beta-rays is measured, and the relationship between the water content and the counting rate is found out; a cross section is realistically selected in the field; a detection system is arranged in a position and a measuring point which are selected in advance, the counting rate of the gamma-rays and the beta-rays is measured, and the atomizing concentration of each measuring point can be calculated.
Description
The invention belongs to and utilize the nucleon technology to measure, particularly a kind of method with a gamma-rays or a beta-ray measurement atomizing interior water smoke concentration with research or analysis of material.
The power station dam flood-discharge, meeting forms the atomizing field near the dam district, misty rain CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION inequality, heavy or torrential rain shape and a strong rainstorms shape in the atomizing field.This phenomenon can make a very bad impression to dam district surrounding environment, and serious meeting is collapsed factory building, highway subsides, power plant trips, even personal injury occurs.For the research of atomizing, to the atomizing analysis of causes and to the Prevention Research of atomizing disaster, the mechanism that all needs dam flood-discharge to be formed atomizing be studied, and this just need observe the misty rain concentration in the atomizing field of flood discharge formation.Because the atomizing concentration of each point is uneven in the three dimensions of atomizing field, main when being flood discharge the flow velocity and the flow of current very huge, dangerous big in the atomizing zone, survey crew can not be near observation station, thereby up to now, still do not have otherwise effective technique and method and can solve this test difficult problem well.
At present, the measurement of power station dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration only limits to adopt conventional rain gage, perhaps simulates udometric iron sheet barrel container, is fixedly mounted on some measuring points of selecting near ground, dam district or the cliff, measures the Total Water of whole flood discharge process atomizing.Thereby it can only provide the Total Water of arranging measuring point, and can't learn water smoke concentration and situation of change thereof in the flood discharge process, more can not learn the water smoke concentration data of atomizing other required measuring point of three dimensions.In actual measurement, bucket (or rain gage) water accumulating volume also can occur considerably beyond bucket volume overflow container, and can't measure the water yield, perhaps bucket is dashed by strong rainstorms and turns over, destroys by rush of water, and can not get test data.
And adopt nuclear method to measure application is arranged still,, adopt β radiation absorption method to measure paper sheet thickness, thickness of glass as adopting gamma-rays absorption process measured soil density, mud density in other field.But their detection system can not be applied to measure atomizing concentration.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to use nuclear method Measurement of Dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration.
Design of the present invention is to utilize gamma-radiation absorption process and beta rays absorption process, by measuring water smoke density, measures the atomizing concentration data.Its measuring principle is: when gamma-rays or β ray penetrating material, understand by material absorbing, and follow formula:
I＝I
O·e
-μmpo
I in the formula
oInitial strength for γ (or β) ray; I is by the later γ of material absorbing (or β) transmitted intensity; μ
mBe the mass absorption coefficient of material to γ (or β) ray; ρ is a material density, also reflects atomizing concentration concerning the atomizing water yield; D is that detector reaches and the radioactive source distance, also claims spacing.Thus,, and, just can pass through measurement, learn the atomizing concentration data of this measuring point γ (or β) transmitted intensity with the measuring point of detection system built-in test atomizing concentration as long as fixedly radioactive source (γ or β), detector and spacing d make detection system.
Since material to Beta-ray receptivity much larger than to gamma-ray receptivity, thereby in dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration is measured, (heavy rain district or violent rain belt) selected the gamma-ray detection system for use, and selected the beta-ray detection system for use in the mist district in the strong zone of atomizing concentration.
Fig. 1 is the version synoptic diagram of gamma-ray detection of the present invention system, and detection system is a framed structure, and a side of its middle frame 1 is installed gamma ray projector 2, adopts americium-241 point source; Opposite side is installed gamma ray detector 3, and detector 3 is made up of sodium iodide (or thallium) crystal and photomultiplier; Detector 3 is measured the signal that gamma-rays 4 is produced, and delivers to register instrument through signal cable 5; The concentration that the gamma intensity that detector 3 receives is decided by to enter the water smoke 6 in the framework 1, thereby the output signal of detector 3 is only relevant with the water smoke concentration in the test frame 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of beta-ray detection of the present invention system, and detection system still is a framed structure, and its middle frame 7 one sides are installed beta ray source 8, adopts the Strontium-90 plane source, and area is 7 * 7cm
2; Opposite side is installed beta rediation detector 9, is made up of plastic scintillant and photomultiplier.Equally, detector 9 is measured the signal that β rays 10 are produced and is delivered to register instrument through follower 13 and signal cable 11.The concentration that the β transmitted intensity decision what that detector 9 receives enters the water smoke 12 of framework 1.Thereby the output signal of detector 9 is only relevant with the water smoke concentration in the test frame 1.
The concrete steps of measuring method of the present invention are:
(1) tester: above-mentioned detection system is cooperated conventional ray registering instrument, carry out γ, β ray testing experiment, with selected each detector operation point, promptly the threshold voltage ， And of the operating voltage of selected photomultiplier and selected detectable signal amplitude measures the stability of test macro work.
(2) indoor standardization: test radiation meter digit rate under the different water smoke concentration conditions with above-mentioned detection system.The pass of gamma-ray meter digit rate N and atomizing concentration M is M=(InN
0-InN)/InN
0-ImN
Water(formula 1) because the gamma-ray meter digit rate of surveying is index variation with water smoke concentration, is the 0(pure qi (oxygen) so need measure atomizing concentration) counting rate N
0, with whole atomizings, promptly atomizing concentration is the 100%(water purification) counting rate N
WaterFor beta-ray measurement, the pass of its radiation meter digit rate N and atomizing concentration M is KM=InN
0/ N(formula 2), at first measuring atomizing concentration is the 0(pure qi (oxygen)) beta-ray gauge digit rate N
0, re-use the evenly a certain amount of moisture content of absorption of filter paper, in above-mentioned beta-ray detection system framework, change immersion filter paper bed thickness, survey the variation of beta-ray gauge digit rate N, to determine the water yield and counting rate relation curve in the framework, draw the curve constant K.
(3) select measuring point:, analyze flood discharge water-drop point position, thick fog zone position and an atomizing scope according to the layout of hydraulic structures such as the on-the-spot power station of flood discharge dam, flood discharging tunnel.Regional at thick fog because survey crew can't be near on-the-spot, promptly adopt stationary rope to select some measurement sections, with the point of fixity of concreting section line,, and selecting the measurement vertical line position on the section and on survey line, selecting point position so that the gamma-ray detection system is installed on section line.Select some measuring points in the mist district and carry out mark, carry instrument for observation personnel during actual measurement and βShe Xiantanceqi carries out the atomizing concentration measurement in test point with bamboo bar control detector elevation.
(4) on-the-spot blank test: during by the what dam flood-discharge, discharge is big, stream is anxious, very dangerous, the safety of in-site measurement during for the assurance flood discharge, and obtain test data reliably, before formal flood discharge discharges water, do not have under the condition of flood, measurement requirement with all measurement mechanisms during according to formal flood discharge installs, and carries out detector reconnaissance operation and gamma-rays, Beta-ray measuring operation, checks each side mated condition, detection system ruuning situation, as instant solution of pinpointing the problems, safe and reliable accurate when guaranteeing formal flood discharge test.
(5) actual flood discharge observation: through after the on-the-spot preliminary work, when the power station dam flood-discharge discharged water, nuclear method can formally drop into atomizing concentration and measure.With rope the gamma-ray detection system is delivered to test zone in the thick fog district,, on the fixed vertical line on the measurement section of selecting, follow back reconnaissance and carry out the atomizing concentration measurement with the position and the elevation of special-purpose rope control detector.The atomizing concentration signal is through cable 5(as shown in Figure 1) be delivered to fog-zone registering instrument in addition, can write down different section in the fog-zone, different vertical line and the atomizing concentration of different measuring points in the different flood discharge time.In the mist district, the tester carries testing tool and detector, to selected fixedly measuring point, follows back the atomizing concentration of doing different elevations position and measures.
(6) data preparation analysis: will survey gamma-rays and beta-ray gauge digit rate respectively above-mentioned formula 1 of substitution or formula 2, can learn the atomizing concentration of different measuring points, the atomizing concentration data that each measuring point different time is measured are put in order, as marking expression on a map, get final product in the flood discharge process each measuring point atomizing concentration with the change procedure of flood discharge time, and the atomizing concentration distribution plan of each measuring point.
Fig. 1 is a gamma-rays atomizing detection system structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a β ray atomizing detection system structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is each measuring point atomizing concentration distribution plan on certain survey line on the selected measurement section in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 4 is each measuring point atomizing concentration change profile figure in time in the flood discharge process on certain survey line on the selected measurement section in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 5 is each measuring point atomizing concentration distribution plan in the embodiment of the invention 2 mist districts.
Fig. 6 is for being selected each survey line of measurement section and each measuring point arrangenent diagram in the embodiment of the invention 1.
15: 10 time
The measuring point upper, middle and lower
Counting rate N 103,788 103,978 103871
Atomizing concentration M 4 ‰ 3.6 ‰ 3.8 ‰
15: 35 time
The measuring point upper, middle and lower
Counting rate N 103,436 103,728 103251
Atomizing concentration M 4.9 ‰ 4.2 ‰ 5.3 ‰
15: 50 time
The measuring point upper, middle and lower
Counting rate N 102,888 102,760 102510
Atomizing concentration M 6.2 ‰ 6.5 ‰ 7.1 ‰
Above data are represented with coordinate diagram, promptly obtained the distribution plan of the atomizing concentration of this survey line, as shown in Figure 3 with change in depth.Equally, Measuring Time substitution coordinate diagram is promptly obtained this survey line atomizing concentration situation of change of T in time in the flood discharge process, as shown in Figure 4, double dot dash line is last measuring point among the figure, and dotted line is middle measuring point, and solid line is measuring point down.
Table 1 beta-ray measurement misty rain concentration
Engineering name: infectious coryza leather power station former observed quantity date of flood-discharge atomizing: 92.9.30 weather: fine-Yu-heavy rain
Instrument: FH-448 energy spectrometer metering system: reconnaissance surveying instrument reading duration: 30 "
The sequence number time is surveyed period position height counting average counter N
0/ N water cut remarks
(rice) N N(‰)
1 15:00,95 95,785 95,412 1.003 0.1 ‰ 1/5 apertures
95039
2 0.5 89600 89072 1.075 2.2‰
88543
3 15：03 10 5 88325 88086 1.087 2.4‰
87845
4 0.5 88954 88066 1.087 2.4‰
87177
5 15：06 11 5 89822 89826 1.066 1.8‰
89830
6 0.5 89780 89482 1.070 1.9‰
89183
7 15：09 12 5 89067 88831 1.078 2.2‰
88594
8 0.5 88816 88620 1.080 2.2‰
88424
9 15：12 13 5 87014 85968 1.114 3.1‰
84921
10 0.5 85942 86800 1.103 2.8‰
86658
11 15：15 14 5 88630 88721 1.079 2.2‰
88811
12 0.5 87350 87415 1.095 2.6‰
87480
13 15：17 15 5 87404 87361 1.095 2.6‰
87318
14 0.5 86213 85862 1.114 3.1‰
85511
The sequence number time is surveyed period position height counting average counter N
0/ N water cut remarks
(rice) N N(‰)
1 15:22,15 5 84,735 84,534 1.132 3.6 ‰ 3/5 apertures
84333
2 0.5 84157 82996 1.153 4.1‰
81853
3 14 5 80671 80812 1.185 4.9‰
80953
4 0.5 80470 79617 1.202 5.3‰
78763
5 13 5 80810 80492 1.189 5.0‰
80174
6 0.5 82551 82556 1.160 4.3‰
82561
7 12 5 82452 82379 1.161 4.3‰
82306
8 0.5 83646 83794 1.143 3.8‰
83941
9 10 5 83753 83625 1.144 3.9‰
83496
10 0.5 85067 85146 1.124 3.4‰
85225
11 9 5 85407 85664 1.117 3.2‰
85920
12 0.5 85844 85753 1.116 3.2‰
85661
13 8 5 85933 85972 1.114 3.1‰
86011
14 0.5 85115 84871 1.127 3.5‰
84627
The sequence number time is surveyed period position height counting average counter N
0/ N water cut remarks
(rice) N N(‰)
1 15:44,85 84,391 84,245 1.136 3.7 ‰ standard-sized sheets (5/5)
84099
2 0.5 83643 83517 1.147 3.9‰
83390
3 9 5 83912 83469 1.147 3.9‰
83025
4 0.5 83765 83551 1.147 3.9‰
83336
5 10 5 84431 83730 1.143 3.8‰
83029
6 0.5 84756 84719 1.130 3.5‰
84682
7 11 5 85774 85347 1.121 3.3‰
84919
8 0.5 84628 84426 1.134 3.6‰
84223
9 12 5 82035 82263 1.164 4.4‰
82491
10 0.5 82851 82405 1.161 4.3‰
81959
11 13 5 82075 81551 1.174 4.6‰
81127
12 0.5 80537 80714 1.186 4.9‰
80891
13 14 5 81357 81124 1.181 4.8‰
80891
14 0.5 79777 79624 1.202 5.3‰
79471
15 5 80707 80568 1.188 5.0‰
80429
0.5 80095 79593 1.203 5.3‰
79091
Claims (1)
1, a kind of method with nuclear method Measurement of Dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration, it is characterized in that it adopts the gamma-ray detection system to measure in the strong zone of atomizing concentration, adopt the beta-ray detection system in the mist district, the structure of gamma-ray detection system is a framed structure, its structure is that a side of framework (1) is installed gamma ray projector (2), adopt americium-241 point source, opposite side is installed gamma ray detector (3), detector (3) is made up of sodium iodide (or thallium) crystal and photomultiplier, detector (3) is measured the signal that gamma-rays (4) is produced, deliver to register instrument through signal cable (5), the structure of beta-ray detection system still is a framed structure, its structure is that framework (7) one sides are installed beta ray source (8), adopt the Strontium-90 plane source, opposite side is installed beta rediation detector (9), form by plastic scintillant and photomultiplier, detector (9) is measured the signal that β ray (10) is produced, deliver to register instrument through follower (13) and signal cable (11), the concrete measuring process of the method for the invention is:
Step 1, tester: above-mentioned detection system is cooperated conventional ray registering instrument, carry out γ, β ray testing experiment, promptly selected each detector operation point, the stability of mensuration test macro work;
Step 2, indoor standardization: test radiation meter digit rate under the different water smoke concentration conditions with above-mentioned detection system, when adopting gamma-ray measurement, measure atomizing concentration and be 0 o'clock gamma-ray meter digit rate N
0With atomizing concentration be 100% o'clock gamma-ray meter digit rate N
Water, the pass of gamma-ray meter digit rate N and atomizing concentration M is M=(InN
O-InN)/InN
o-ImN
Water, when adopting beta-ray measurement, the pass of its radiation meter digit rate N and atomizing concentration M is KM=InN
o/ N, at first measuring atomizing concentration is the beta-ray gauge digit rate N of O
o, re-use the evenly a certain amount of moisture content of absorption of filter paper, in above-mentioned beta-ray detection system framework, change immersion filter paper bed thickness, survey the variation of beta-ray gauge digit rate N, draw the curve constant K;
Step 3, select measuring point: according to the on-the-spot power station of flood discharge dam, the layout of hydraulic structures such as flood discharging tunnel, analyze flood discharge water-drop point position, a thick fog zone position and an atomizing scope, in the thick fog zone, adopt stationary rope to select some measurement sections, point of fixity with the concreting section line, the gamma-ray detection system is installed on section line, and vertical line position is measured in selection on section, on survey line, select point position, select some measuring points in the mist district, carry out mark, the observation personnel carry instrument and βShe Xiantanceqi and carry out atomizing concentration in test point with bamboo bar control detector elevation and measure during actual measurement;
Step 4, on-the-spot blank test: before formal flood discharge discharges water, do not have under the condition of flood, measurement requirement with all measurement mechanisms during according to formal flood discharge installs, carry out detector reconnaissance operation and gamma-rays, Beta-ray measuring operation, check each side mated condition, detection system ruuning situation, pinpointing the problems in time solves;
Step 5, actual flood discharge observation: in the thick fog district, with rope the gamma-ray detection system is delivered to test zone, position and elevation with special-purpose rope control detector, on the fixed vertical line on the measurement section of selecting, follow widely different reconnaissance and carry out the atomizing concentration measurement, the registering instrument of atomizing concentration signal beyond cable (5) is delivered to the fog-zone, different section in the record fog-zone, different vertical lines and the atomizing concentration of different measuring points in the different flood discharge time, the tester carries testing tool and detector in the mist district, to selected fixedly measuring point, follow the widely different atomizing concentration of doing different elevations position and measure;
Step 6, the data preparation analysis: will survey gamma-rays and beta-ray gauge digit rate substitution formula M=(InN respectively
o-InN)/InN
o-ImN
Water, formula formula KM=InN
oAmong/the N, can learn the atomizing concentration of different measuring points, the atomizing concentration data that each measuring point different time is measured are put in order, as marking expression on a map, get final product in the flood discharge process each measuring point atomizing concentration with the change procedure of flood discharge time, and the atomizing concentration distribution plan of each measuring point.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93107797 CN1030350C (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1993-07-12 | Measurement of dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration by nuclear method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93107797 CN1030350C (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1993-07-12 | Measurement of dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration by nuclear method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1078804A CN1078804A (en) | 1993-11-24 |
| CN1030350C true CN1030350C (en) | 1995-11-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93107797 Expired - Fee Related CN1030350C (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1993-07-12 | Measurement of dam flood-discharge atomizing concentration by nuclear method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1773268B (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2011-04-13 | 国际商业机器公司 | Ionbeam system and system for detecting ion beam |
| CN101666881B (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2012-07-25 | 核工业航测遥感中心 | Large-sized artificial nuclide plane source calibration device and gamma ray spectrometer calibration method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0800767D0 (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2008-02-27 | Nec Corp | A method for controlling access to a mobile communications network |
| CN101975786B (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-07-25 | 丹东东方测控技术有限公司 | Instrument for detecting concentration of potassium in brine in laboratory and detecting method thereof |
| CN102758416A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2012-10-31 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Device for researching flood discharge atomization spray source distributing regularity |
| CN108458955B (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2020-05-05 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring flood discharge atomization concentration of dam by extracting air |
| CN109060297B (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2020-02-04 | 天津大学 | Method for testing surge model of dam work leakage flow impact area in variable air pressure environment |
-
1993
- 1993-07-12 CN CN 93107797 patent/CN1030350C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1773268B (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2011-04-13 | 国际商业机器公司 | Ionbeam system and system for detecting ion beam |
| CN101666881B (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2012-07-25 | 核工业航测遥感中心 | Large-sized artificial nuclide plane source calibration device and gamma ray spectrometer calibration method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1078804A (en) | 1993-11-24 |
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