CN103031114A - High-thermal-conductivity composite phase change energy storage microcapsules used at normal temperature and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity composite phase change energy storage microcapsules used at normal temperature and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
【技术领域】 【Technical field】
本发明涉及可调可控常温用相变材料技术领域，具体地说，是一种常温用高导热复合相变蓄能微囊及其制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of adjustable and controllable phase change materials for normal temperature, in particular to a high thermal conductivity composite phase change energy storage microcapsule for normal temperature and a preparation method thereof.
【背景技术】 【Background technique】
利用材料相变潜热进行能量储存是能源利用领域中的一项新技术。相变蓄能是利用材料在相变过程中吸热或放热来储存能量或释放能量的，具有储热密度高、储热放热近似等温、过程易控制等特点，而有机类相变材料的优点是不容易出现过冷现象和相分离，材料的腐蚀性较小，性能比较稳定，毒性小，成本低等。有机类相变材料常用的有石蜡、脂肪酸、聚醚、酯类、醇类、芳香烃类、芳香酮类、酰胺类等，但这些材料在实际应用中存在不足：Energy storage using material phase change latent heat is a new technology in the field of energy utilization. Phase change energy storage uses materials to absorb or release heat during the phase change process to store or release energy. It has the characteristics of high heat storage density, approximately isothermal heat storage and release, and easy control of the process. Organic phase change materials The advantages are that supercooling and phase separation are not easy to occur, the material is less corrosive, the performance is relatively stable, the toxicity is small, and the cost is low. Commonly used organic phase change materials include paraffin, fatty acid, polyether, ester, alcohol, aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic ketone, amides, etc., but these materials have shortcomings in practical applications:
(1)这些材料固液相变过程中的液体发生渗漏污染环境；(1) The liquid in the solid-liquid phase transition process of these materials leaks and pollutes the environment;
(2)有机相变材料导热性能差(导热系数在0.2W/mK左右)，影响热焓利用率；(2) The thermal conductivity of organic phase change materials is poor (the thermal conductivity is about 0.2W/mK), which affects the utilization rate of heat enthalpy;
(3)满足常温(20～40℃)适应于人类使用的相变材料很少。(3) There are few phase change materials suitable for human use at room temperature (20-40°C).
对相变材料进行定形改性的方法很多：(1)多孔封装，膨胀石墨填充相变材料能得到导热性好，蓄能密度大的复合材料，但存在受压变形和定形性较差等缺陷；(2)加入高熔点的支持材料，当发生温度高于相变温度时，由于定形组分对液体的空间限制，使宏观上保持了固定外形，但由于相变材料长期使用会存在基材老化和相变材料从定形成分中分离出来等问题。There are many ways to modify the shape of phase change materials: (1) Porous packaging, expanded graphite filled phase change materials can obtain composite materials with good thermal conductivity and high energy storage density, but there are defects such as compression deformation and poor shape setting ; (2) Adding support materials with high melting point, when the occurrence temperature is higher than the phase transition temperature, due to the spatial limitation of the liquid by the shaping component, the macroscopically fixed shape is maintained, but due to the long-term use of the phase change material, there will be substrate Issues such as aging and separation of phase change materials from setting components.
【发明内容】 【Content of invention】
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种常温用高导热复合相变蓄能微囊及其制备方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a high thermal conductivity composite phase change energy storage microcapsule for normal temperature and a preparation method thereof.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种常温用高导热复合相变蓄能微囊，其为有机相变囊芯和无机高导热囊壁。The invention discloses a high thermal conductivity composite phase change energy storage microcapsule for normal temperature, which is an organic phase change capsule core and an inorganic high thermal conductivity capsule wall.
所述的有机相变囊芯相变温度范围在20～40℃变化，复合微囊相变温度变化范围在20～40℃。The phase transition temperature range of the organic phase change capsule core is 20-40°C, and the phase transition temperature range of the composite microcapsule is 20-40°C.
所述的有机相变囊芯是指烷烃、脂肪酸、聚醚及其衍生物中的两种或两种以上的材料。The organic phase change capsule core refers to two or more materials of alkanes, fatty acids, polyethers and derivatives thereof.
所述的有机相变囊芯包括辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、十七烷、十八烷、十九烷、二十烷、PEG400、PEG600、PEG1000、PEG2000、PEG4000、PEG6000、PEG10000中的两种或两种以上的材料。The organic phase change capsule core includes caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, eicosane, PEG400, PEG600, PEG1000, Two or more materials of PEG2000, PEG4000, PEG6000, PEG10000.
所述的无机高导热囊壁为正硅酸乙酯溶胶-凝胶产物，正硅酸乙酯在水溶液中发生水解反应，而后经缩聚反应得到三维网络凝胶，最后将水分烘干得到白色无机高导热囊壁。The inorganic high thermal conductivity bladder wall is tetraethyl orthosilicate sol-gel product, and tetraethyl orthosilicate undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in an aqueous solution, and then undergoes a polycondensation reaction to obtain a three-dimensional network gel, and finally drys the water to obtain a white inorganic High thermal conductivity bladder wall.
所述的有机相变囊芯和无机高导热囊壁的质量比为0.5∶1～5.0∶1。The mass ratio of the organic phase change capsule core to the inorganic high thermal conductivity capsule wall is 0.5:1˜5.0:1.
一种常温用高导热复合相变蓄能微囊的制备方法，其具体步骤为：A method for preparing high thermal conductivity composite phase change energy storage microcapsules at room temperature, the specific steps are:
(1)制备相变温度可调的囊芯材料(1) Preparation of capsule core material with adjustable phase transition temperature
将有机相变囊芯材料配制成混合物，40～60℃在恒温条件下保持2～5小时；Prepare the organic phase-change capsule core material into a mixture, and keep it at a constant temperature of 40-60°C for 2-5 hours;
所述的有机相变囊芯材料包括辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、十七烷、十八烷、十九烷、二十烷、PEG400、PEG600、PEG1000、PEG2000、PEG4000、PEG6000、PEG10000中的两种或两种以上的材料；The organic phase change capsule core material includes caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, eicosane, PEG400, PEG600, PEG1000 , PEG2000, PEG4000, PEG6000, PEG10000 two or more materials;
(2)制备O/W乳液(2) Preparation of O/W emulsion
将上述囊芯材料加入到装有表面活性剂的溶液中，将乳液调到pH值为2.0～4.0，制成稳定O/W乳液；Add the above-mentioned capsule core material into the solution containing the surfactant, adjust the pH value of the emulsion to 2.0-4.0, and make a stable O/W emulsion;
表面活性剂用量为溶液总量的0.1～10％，表面活性剂包括阳离子型，如十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵等；非离子型表面活性剂：吐温60、吐温80、司本60、司本80、聚醚等；The amount of surfactant is 0.1 to 10% of the total solution. Surfactants include cationic, such as dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium Ammonium bromide, octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, etc.; non-ionic surfactants: Tween 60, Tween 80, Siben 60, Siben 80, polyether, etc.;
(3)制备相变蓄能微囊(3) Preparation of phase change energy storage microcapsules
将正硅酸乙酯缓慢滴加到上述乳液中，300～1000rpm搅拌1～6小时，陈化干燥，最后制成稳定相变蓄能微囊；Slowly add tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise into the above emulsion, stir at 300-1000rpm for 1-6 hours, age and dry, and finally make stable phase change energy storage microcapsules;
正硅酸乙酯在水溶液中与去离子水发生水解反应产生大量羟基，再经羟基脱水缩聚生成三维网络结构，陈化稳定后，将水分烘干，得到囊壁为白色二氧化硅的相变蓄能微囊；其水与正硅酸乙酯比为20∶1～1∶1，有机相变囊芯材料与正硅酸乙酯比为0.5∶1～5.0∶1。Ethyl orthosilicate undergoes a hydrolysis reaction with deionized water in an aqueous solution to produce a large number of hydroxyl groups, and then undergoes dehydration and polycondensation of the hydroxyl groups to form a three-dimensional network structure. After aging and stabilization, the water is dried to obtain a phase change in which the capsule wall is white silica. Energy storage microcapsules; the ratio of water to tetraethyl orthosilicate is 20:1-1:1, and the ratio of organic phase change capsule core material to tetraethyl orthosilicate is 0.5:1-5.0:1.
与现有技术相比，本发明的积极效果是：Compared with prior art, positive effect of the present invention is:
(1)本发明的潜热量大、蓄能效果好；(1) The present invention has large latent heat and good energy storage effect;
(2)本发明的导热性好，有利于热量的传递和转换；(2) The thermal conductivity of the present invention is good, which is beneficial to the transfer and conversion of heat;
(3)本发明的稳定性高，由于二氧化硅无机囊材具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、低热膨胀系数组分，稳定性强；(3) The stability of the present invention is high, because the silicon dioxide inorganic capsule material has high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient components, and the stability is strong;
(4)本发明制备出自然界没有的、相变温度可设计调节的系列常温相变储能材料。(4) The present invention prepares a series of normal-temperature phase-change energy storage materials that do not exist in nature and whose phase-change temperature can be adjusted by design.
【附图说明】 【Description of drawings】
图1为本发明的系列常温用相变材料的DSC图；Fig. 1 is the DSC figure of series normal temperature phase change material of the present invention;
图2为本发明的高导热复合相变蓄能微囊的DSC图。Fig. 2 is a DSC diagram of the high thermal conductivity composite phase change energy storage microcapsule of the present invention.
【具体实施方式】 【Detailed ways】
以下提供本发明一种常温用高导热复合相变蓄能微囊及其制备方法的具体实施方式。The following provides a specific embodiment of a high thermal conductivity composite phase change energy storage microcapsule for room temperature and a preparation method thereof according to the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
(1)将辛酸、棕榈酸设定质量比为9∶1，在40～100℃恒温条件下充分混合0.5～5小时，产物作为囊芯材料，备用；(1) Set the mass ratio of octanoic acid and palmitic acid to 9:1, fully mix them at a constant temperature of 40-100°C for 0.5-5 hours, and use the product as a capsule core material for future use;
(2)将表面活性剂、水、囊芯材料等加入到烧杯中调至pH值为3～5，乳化3～10分钟制成均匀乳液；(2) Add surfactant, water, capsule core material, etc. into the beaker to adjust the pH value to 3-5, and emulsify for 3-10 minutes to make a uniform emulsion;
(3)将一定量的正硅酸乙酯(芯酯比为0.5∶1)缓慢滴加到上述乳化液中，一定温度下反应1～6小时，陈化，最后洗涤干燥制成常温用高导热相变蓄能微囊。(3) Slowly add a certain amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate (the ratio of core to ester is 0.5:1) to the above-mentioned emulsion, react at a certain temperature for 1 to 6 hours, age, and finally wash and dry to make high-grade Heat conduction phase change energy storage microcapsules.
实施例2Example 2
(1)将癸酸、硬脂酸设定质量比为9∶1，在40-100℃恒温条件下充分混合0.5～5小时，产物作为囊芯材料，备用；(1) Set the mass ratio of capric acid and stearic acid to 9:1, and mix them thoroughly at a constant temperature of 40-100°C for 0.5-5 hours, and the product is used as a capsule core material for later use;
(2)将表面活性剂、水、囊芯材料等加入到烧杯中调至pH值为3～5，乳化3～10分钟制成均匀乳液；(2) Add surfactant, water, capsule core material, etc. into the beaker to adjust the pH value to 3-5, and emulsify for 3-10 minutes to make a uniform emulsion;
(3)将一定量的正硅酸乙酯(芯酯比为1∶1)缓慢滴加到上述乳化液中，一定温度下反应1～6小时，陈化，最后洗涤干燥制成常温用高导热相变蓄能微囊。(3) Slowly add a certain amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate (the core-ester ratio is 1:1) dropwise into the above-mentioned emulsion, react at a certain temperature for 1 to 6 hours, age, and finally wash and dry to make high-grade Heat conduction phase change energy storage microcapsules.
实施例3Example 3
(1)将PEG600、PEG1000设定质量比为9∶1，在40-100℃恒温条件下充分混合0.5～5小时，产物作为囊芯材料，备用；(1) Set the mass ratio of PEG600 and PEG1000 to 9:1, and mix them thoroughly at a constant temperature of 40-100°C for 0.5-5 hours, and use the product as a capsule core material for later use;
(2)将表面活性剂、水、囊芯材料等加入到烧杯中调至pH值为3～5，乳化3～10分钟制成均匀乳液；(2) Add surfactant, water, capsule core material, etc. into the beaker to adjust the pH value to 3-5, and emulsify for 3-10 minutes to make a uniform emulsion;
(3)将一定量的正硅酸乙酯(芯酯比为1.5∶1)缓慢滴加到上述乳化液中，一定温度下反应1～6小时，陈化，最后洗涤干燥制成常温用高导热相变蓄能微囊。(3) Slowly add a certain amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate (the ratio of core to ester is 1.5:1) dropwise to the above emulsion, react at a certain temperature for 1 to 6 hours, age, and finally wash and dry to make high temperature Heat conduction phase change energy storage microcapsules.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered Within the protection scope of the present invention.
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