CN103020441A - Use-case-based tacit knowledge visualization method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a use-case-based tacit knowledge visualization method, and is applied to the technical field of knowledge visualization. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: (1) performing process presentation on tacit knowledge by using a process analysis method; and (2) describing each process step for the process-represented tacit knowledge in a use case way. The method has the beneficial effects that the tacit knowledge can be directly converted into visual explicit knowledge by a tacit knowledge visualization process, so that the knowledge can be propagated, learned, applied and innovated more favorably; and the use-case-based tacit knowledge visualization method is completely in line with a dual coding theory, and by a text and picture combination representation mode, a user can effectively know the uses of the knowledge, and the memory of the user about the knowledge can be enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Knowledge Visualization technical field.
Background technology
Human cognitive is very unique, it is very special when it processes language and non-language object at the same time, represent that with visual form and linguistic form information can strengthen memory and identification significantly simultaneously, its effect will be better than far away separately and represent with visual form or linguistic form.Implicit knowledge is highly personalized knowledge, and it is rooted in behavior itself dearly, is planted in the constraint of individual environment of living in.Implicit knowledge is a kind of form, be difficult to through long-term accumulation to use in practice language performance, propagation and shared personalized empirical knowledge of height.The characteristics of implicit knowledge are as follows:
(1) non-coding: different from the easy numeralization of Explicit Knowledge, implicit knowledge mainly exists with potential forms such as intuition, inspiration, experience, perception, technical knowhow, behavioural norm, sense of community, corporate culture, valuess, be difficult to formal representations such as language, literal, chart, symbols, be difficult to obtain by the mode of books study and instruction.
(2) path dependence: implicit knowledge is the empirical knowledge that constantly accumulates in practice, its accumulation must be take certain implicit knowledge storage as the basis, the increment implicit knowledge of enterprise strictly depends on the storage implicit knowledge of enterprise, Here it is path dependence that implicit knowledge shows.
(3) monopoly: at first, from the angle of tacit knowledge mainbody psychology, main body often in the early stage grope middle a large amount of energy and the cost of having dropped into, the process of obtaining implicit knowledge is more difficult; Secondly, the income that implicit knowledge brings is large than Explicit Knowledge, and this just forces tacit knowledge mainbody can initiatively not exchange and transfer the possession of easily oneself experience or technical knowhow with other people, thereby so that the interchange of implicit knowledge and transfer are more difficult.
(4) to the dependency of environment: certain implicit knowledge always produces in certain environment, and long-term existence and development under this environment, in case broken away from this specific environment, this kind implicit knowledge also can disappear thereupon.That is to say that implicit knowledge always depends on certain specific environment, the change of environment will make it lose the basis of Existence and development.
Knowledge Visualization is the emerging technology field that grows up on the basis of visualization in scientific computing, data visualization and information visualization.It refers to present with the vision characterization method a kind of mode of knowledge, and essence is that the individual knowledge with people shows with graphic means, and formation can directly act on the knowledge external expressive form of people's sense organ, thereby promotes transmission of knowledge and innovation.
The dual coding theory provides theoretical foundation for Knowledge Visualization, this theory is emphasized in storage, processing and the leaching process in information, the process of information processing of language and non-language is no less important, because " people's cognition is unique, and it is exclusively used in simultaneously the processing to things and the event of language and non-language; In addition, language system is special, and directly with oral and process in writing form input and the output of language, meanwhile, it is the in store mark function relevant with things, event and the behavior of non-words and phrases again for it.Any theory of representation all must be fit to this dual-use function " (Pavio, 1986).The dual coding theory hypothesis exists the subsystem of two cognitions, and one is exclusively used in sign and the processing to non-words and phrases things, event, and another then is used for the processing of language.Pavio is also supposition simultaneously, has two kinds of different characterization units: be applicable to " image cell " of psychological map and be applicable to " linguistic unit " of entity language.The former is according to the relation tissue of part and integral body, and the latter is according to association and hierarchical organization.The dual coding theory also identifies three kinds of processing types:
Sign property: directly activate signs words and phrases or non-words and phrases;
The property called: utilize non-words and phrases system to activate the words and phrases system;
Association property: activate in the inside of same words and phrases or non-words and phrases system and to characterize.
The theoretical most important principle of dual coding is exactly: can be by strengthen simultaneously memory and the identification of information with the form presentation information of vision and language.Therefore, the Knowledge Visualization technology shows the visualization means such as graph image of abstract knowledge with image, will greatly improve the identifiability of knowledge, makes knowledge be easier to memory, understand, process and use.As a kind of graphic mode to abstract knowledge, Knowledge Visualization has following features:
(1) visualize, structuring.From in form, it has image, characteristics intuitively on the one hand, as in the photography and vedio recording course, the knowledge point of mode of composition is presented with picture or one section image, so just makes the original abstract composition knowledge visual pattern that becomes, and also is more conducive to hold and use; Also present on the other hand structures, not only clear as to present concept or knowledge point, more can show the structural relation between them, be exactly like this such as the concept map instrument to the result of knowledge.
(2) degree of depth, this materialization.On content, it is that the degree of depth of the implicit speciality of knowledge is excavated.A research direction of Knowledge Visualization is automatically to excavate concept system implicit in the text message by computing machine, such as character in a novel and relation thereof, concept in the scientific popular article and relation thereof, automatically generate chart etc., for prepare lesson provides starting material and provides original framework for the student further processes.
(3) high efficiency, high quality.On effect, Knowledge Visualization is optimized knowledge, and can must be obtained by high-level efficiency.From pro forma directly perceived, vivid, structure is clearly demarcated, and the essence on the content, deep has all determined these characteristics.What Knowledge Visualization was pursued is: make sightless knowledge become the clear knowledge that presents.Visualize, structuring, this materialization by knowledge presenting, promote transmission of knowledge and innovation, not only transmit true, also transmit opinion, experience, attitude, values, expectation, viewpoint, suggestion and prediction etc., and help by this way other people correctly reconstruct, memory and these knowledge of application.
Present stage the Knowledge Visualization method:
(1) concept map: concept map is that Cécile Nowak (J.D.Novak) doctor of Cornell University is according to a kind of instrument that is used for organizing and characterizing knowledge of the theoretical proposition of meaningful learning of Su Beier difficult to understand (David P.Ausubel), be also referred to as concept mapping or concept map, the former pays attention to the detailed process that concept map is made, the latter pays attention to the end product that concept map is made, but now generally concept mapping and concept map is referred to as concept map and is not added on strict difference.It places the Conceptions of a certain theme among circle or the square frame usually, then with line relevant concept and proposition is coupled together, and indicates two meanings relations between the concept on the line." concept one conjunction one concept " such tlv triple has formed a proposition.In addition, concept map has hierarchical structure, and five-star concept is in the top.People can illustrate relation between the concept of different levels with the conjunctive word that is fit to, and determine the lateral ties between the different branches.Concept map is as a kind of strategy of the representation of knowledge, its great advantage is the architecture of knowledge very clear as to express, and outstanding behaviours architectonic hierarchical structure, can effectively change student's cognitive style, large tracts of land improves student's school grade, improves effectively teacher's teaching efficiency.
(2) mind map: mind map is a kind of notes method that Englishman's Tuo Ni Bazin sixties in 20th century (Tony Buzan) is created at first.Its initial purpose just for improve traditional draw up notes bury keyword, be difficult for memory, lose time and can not the effective stimulus brain etc. shortcoming, but its practical function and power are further than this.The specific practice of drawing mind map is: on a piece of paper all Information Organizations on a tree-shaped structural drawing, all write keyword or the short sentence of different concepts in each branch, each concept classification and be distributed on the figure with having levels, again abrim color and image on this figure, and this has simulated the mode that brain self is carried out the work just.According to full brain concept principle, doing like this to stimulate left brain and right brain simultaneously, transfer comprehensively the logic of left brain, sequentially, image, the imagination, color, space and the organism thinking of regulations, literal, numeral and right brain, make brain potential obtain the most sufficient exploitation, allow the people when thinking, memory, analysis, fully excavate potential, excite inspiration and the imagination.Mind map has been widely used in the various aspects of study, work, life since being born, it successfully helps the whole world 2.5 hundred million people to change life, is described as the global media of thinking of 21 century.
(3) cognitive map: cognitive map is also referred to as cause-and-effect diagram (Causal Maps), is proposed by Ackerman and Eden (2001), and it (ideas) as node, and is connected with each other " idea " with it.Idea is different from concept, and they are sentence or paragraph mostly.Cognitive map (Eden, 1988; 1992) propose as the basis take individual Theory Construction (Personal Construct Theory), wherein " idea " all is to link up by the connecting line with arrow, but there is not conjunction on the connecting line, the implicit meaning of connecting line is " cause-effect relationship " or " causing ", and does not have stratified restriction.Cognitive map is mainly used in helping people's planning, promotes the decision-making of group.
(4) semantic network: in psychology, semantic network is defined as Semantic Similarity or the degree of correlation of word or concept.Yet Fisher (1990) is defined as node and the network that connects to form with it, conjunction is arranged but strictly is not limited on the hierarchical structure.Semantic network is more as concept map like this, and in mainstream psychology and computer science, define.The same with concept map, semantic network forms basic example or proposition take concept and significant, not limited conjunction as the basis.Fisher (2000) think semantic network can be seen as multidimensional but not the two dimension.Semantic network can be very large, comprises hundreds and thousands of concepts that are mutually related.Because it is very large, the user at a time can only see one of them part, namely with the concept of central concept direct correlation.
Use-case is the description how descriptive system should ask to external world, is the technology that a kind of use scenes by the user obtains demand.A business objective or the task of how obtaining described in each set of uses case.The UML(illustration) for use-case has defined graphical symbol, still do not represent the full content of use-case with illustration, graphical symbol can only provide the simplified summary of use-case.Use-case comprises that also the contents such as summary, precondition, trigger, elementary event stream, alternative path, postcondition, business rule, explanation express with mode word.
The advantage of use-case is as follows:
Use-case is verified to be understood easilier by service-user, so it also is that developer and final user well link up bridge; Use-case for definite scope of great use, finished item becomes easily thereby use-case is so that pay stage by stage step by step, they can relatively be easy to interpolation or remove from software project when relative importance value changes; Use-case can be followed the tracks of; Use-case can be as estimation, the basis of formulation progress and checking achievement; Use-case has prevented jejune design; Use-case does not use language-specific; Use-case allows us to go to tell a story, and can be easy to adopt demand is converted to story or this concrete method of scene is described use-case; Use-case is reusable in project, and use-case can both further develop in the iteration each time, and use-case can be used for catching demand, becomes programmer's exploitation foundation, develops into test case, to becoming at last user manual; Use-case is relevant with user and system interaction, and they made the software developer before exploitation or centrally just can begin user interface design; Use-case places context with demand, and they can clearly describe the relation between business activity.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of implicit knowledge method for visualizing based on use-case, intuitive is strong, logicality is strong, it is tighter to express, can make things convenient for the user to understand the purposes of knowledge, strengthen the user for the memory of knowledge, improve work tightness and efficient.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of implicit knowledge method for visualizing based on use-case, and its method step is as follows:
(1) use the method for process analysis that implicit knowledge is carried out the procedure statement;
(2) each process step of above-mentioned implicit knowledge with procedure statement mode with use-case is described.
The concrete methods of realizing of above-mentioned steps (1) is as follows: at first analyze implicit knowledge problem to be solved, the basic procedure of analyze and solve the problems referred to above then turns to a process flow diagram and explains the flow process of dealing with problems is abstract at last.
The concrete methods of realizing of above-mentioned steps (2) is as follows: the problem that above-mentioned each process step need to solve is made a concrete analysis of, comprise the application scenarios of dealing with problems, the precondition of dealing with problems, elementary event stream, business rule, unscheduled event and postcondition, finish the use-case figure statement of each process step.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) visual two contents that solved in the present stage research field of implicit knowledge: implicit knowledge domination and Knowledge Visualization.Implicit knowledge directly can be converted to visual Explicit Knowledge by the visual process of implicit knowledge, more be convenient to transmission of knowledge and study, and be more conducive to application and the innovation of knowledge.
(2) the implicit knowledge method for visualizing based on use-case meets the dual coding theory fully, and the expression way that picture and text have both can allow the user effectively understand the purposes of knowledge, and strengthens the user for the memory of knowledge.
With the instrument of illustration as user and developer communication in a kind of soft project, itself just possessed graphically, visualize and structurized characteristics, as the bridge that two different industries personnel communicate with each other, must possess the source of demand of making and viewer's fast understanding, the rapid function that exchanges the basis of setting up.Implicit knowledge exists in communication process and is difficult to the difficulty that structuring is expressed, is difficult to propagate, can build the instrument of linking up bridge for software developer and final user as a kind of, the mode of use-case and path combination not only can satisfy the structurized requirement of implicit knowledge, but also can satisfy the visual requirement of implicit knowledge.Dramatic for the knowledge application scenarios is described in detail by word contents such as the precondition in the use-case, postcondition, business rules, thereby has guaranteed integrality and the ease for use of knowledge.Therefore, satisfy undoubtedly advantage directly perceived, structurized with illustration.
In addition, the text description of use-case part has fully been carried out the description of the degree of depth, this materialization to any one application scenarios of use-case.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of hair-cutting problem in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the illustration of using that the hair washing step of hair-cutting problem in the embodiment of the invention relates to implicit knowledge.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Take the hair-cutting problem as example, after client comes into barber shop, barber shop for providing the implicit knowledge that relates in the overall process of service, client is carried out visual presentation.The implicit knowledge that at first the hair-cutting problem is related to is explained with the mode of process flow diagram, as shown in Figure 1.
Take the hair washing step as example, some implicit knowledges of outstanding hair washing technician are explained by the form with illustration, as shown in Figure 2.
The text description of above-mentioned " bringing to the hair washing district " use-case is as follows:
Application scenarios: this knowledge is used for statement and how client is brought to the hair washing district;
Precondition: client has finished self-introduction, needs the hair washing technician that client is brought to the hair washing district;
Elementary event stream: the hair washing technician to client say " Mr. XX/Miss woulds you please follow me to the hair washing district, sit down, please lie this hair washing bed on ";
Business rule: the hair washing technician must guide client with gesture and language, and can not have water or other dirty on hair washing bed;
Unscheduled event: if water is arranged on hair washing bed, need to use first clean towel; If hair washing Qu Renman need to bring to the rest area with client and wait for;
Postcondition: smoothly client is brought to the hair washing district.
The text description of above-mentioned " temperature of trying the water " use-case is as follows:
Application scenarios: this knowledge is for the operation of the temperature of trying the water before washing hair to client;
Precondition: helped the good towel of client's pad;
Elementary event flows: 1) open the water transfer switch of hot and cold water, guarantee that current do not contact client's head;
2) check with the wrist position whether water temperature is overheated or excessively cold;
3) with a small amount of water flushing client hair;
4) whether suitable with the customer communication water temperature;
Business rule: do not regulate before the water temperature, current cannot contact client's head; Each regulate water temperature after, first with the wrist temperature of trying the water;
Unscheduled event: the water heater fault please start fast heat apparatus for subsequent use;
Postcondition: client is satisfied to water temperature.
Claims (3)
1. implicit knowledge method for visualizing based on use-case is characterized in that its method step is as follows:
(1) use the method for process analysis that implicit knowledge is carried out the procedure statement;
(2) each process step of above-mentioned implicit knowledge with procedure statement mode with use-case is described.
2. the implicit knowledge method for visualizing based on use-case according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete methods of realizing of step (1) is as follows: at first analyze implicit knowledge problem to be solved, then the basic procedure of analyze and solve the problems referred to above turns to a process flow diagram and explains the flow process of dealing with problems is abstract at last.
3. the implicit knowledge method for visualizing based on use-case according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete methods of realizing of step (2) is as follows: the problem that above-mentioned each process step need to solve is made a concrete analysis of, comprise the application scenarios of dealing with problems, the precondition of dealing with problems, elementary event stream, business rule, unscheduled event and postcondition, finish the use-case figure statement of each process step.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103425774A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-12-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tacit knowledge acquisition method based on HWME (Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering) |
| CN104331514A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-04 | 武汉理工数字传播工程有限公司 | Ontology-based information optimization processing method |
| CN105320989A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-02-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Knowledge visualization method based on individual display |
| CN106203632A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 | A kind of limited knowledge collection recombinant is also distributed the study of extraction and application system method |
| CN111951620A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-17 | 李婕 | Fast and firm matchmaker application guide teaching method and system |
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2012
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103425774A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-12-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tacit knowledge acquisition method based on HWME (Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering) |
| CN103425774B (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2017-02-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tacit knowledge acquisition method based on HWME (Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering) |
| CN105320989A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-02-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Knowledge visualization method based on individual display |
| CN105320989B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2018-05-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Knowledge Visualization method based on a body display |
| CN104331514A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-04 | 武汉理工数字传播工程有限公司 | Ontology-based information optimization processing method |
| CN106203632A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 | A kind of limited knowledge collection recombinant is also distributed the study of extraction and application system method |
| CN106203632B (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-10-23 | 中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 | A kind of limited knowledge collection recombinant and study and the application system method for being distributed extraction |
| CN111951620A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-17 | 李婕 | Fast and firm matchmaker application guide teaching method and system |
| CN111951620B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-11-25 | 李婕 | Fast and firm matchmaker application guide teaching method and system |
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Application publication date: 20130403 |