CN103018284A - Four-terminal electrical impedance tomography method based on two-terminal impedance measurement mode - Google Patents
Four-terminal electrical impedance tomography method based on two-terminal impedance measurement mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a four-terminal electrical impedance tomography method based on a two-terminal impedance measurement mode, and belongs to the technical field of the electrical nondestructive testing. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a finite element model of an electrical impedance tomography sensor, and calculating a four-terminal sensitivity matrix of adjacent excitation, relative excitation or diagonal excitation modes; measuring two-terminal impedance for an electrode of a relay dual-T-type multi-channel switch module gate sensor; converting the two-terminal impedance value into the four-terminal impedance value in a corresponding excitation mode; and resolving the electric conductivity difference distribution in a sensitive field, and reconstructing images. The four-terminal electrical impedance tomography method based on the two-terminal impedance measurement mode provided by the invention is suitable for a non-intrusive mode electrical impedance tomography technology, and in particular is suitable for the situation that the four-terminal impedance measurement method does not meet application requirements or does not have a four-terminal impedance measurement instrument. The four-terminal electrical impedance tomography method based on the two-terminal impedance measurement mode provided by the invention can effectively improve the contrast ratio and resolution ratio of the constructed images, and can accelerate the imaging speed.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to the electricity technical field of nondestructive testing, relate in particular to a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern.
[background technology]
The electrical impedance tomography technology that grew up in nearly more than 30 years (Electrical Impedance Tomography-EIT), with its Noninvasive, portability, cheap, the technical advantage such as response is quick, has important application prospect in industry and medical domain.It is the medium distributed intelligence that obtains the thing field according to the distribution of conductivity of sensitivity field on the EIT technical spirit.By applying exciting current on the sensitivity field border, then and there during internal conductance rate changes in distribution, cause a built-in potential changes in distribution, thereby the borderline measuring voltage of field domain changes, utilize the electrical impedance information that obtains by certain image reconstruction algorithm, can rebuild the distribution of conductivity in appearing on the scene, thereby the medium that obtains the thing field distributes.
A patent of invention has only been authorized by State Intellectual Property Office in the electrical impedance tomography field: based on impedance tomography apparatus and the micro-traumatic measuring method (ZL200610114600.6) thereof of microneedle electrodes, utilize microneedle electrodes to cross over the cuticula of human body skin high impedance, substitute the conventional surface electrode, sensor as current excitation device and measurement voltage signal, the input PC carries out the data processing after the amplification of measuring-signal process, the filtering, reflects at last the electrical impedance distribution information of each point on the tomography with gray-scale map or coloured picture.Can reach and reduce current excitation and the error of bringing with collection, simultaneously so that the electrical impedance distribution in the actual measurement subject area more to be tending towards single order continuous, thereby so that reconstruct gained image resolution ratio is higher, degree of confidence is higher.
In impedance bioelectrical measurement, two-terminal pattern and four terminal patterns are two kinds of common measurement patterns, but its relative merits are respectively arranged.The main shortcoming of two-terminal impedance measurement is the impact that can be subject to contact impedance.J.J.Ackmann pointed out in 1993 when carrying out four terminal impedance measurements, when frequency is higher than 5kHz, can introduce unacceptable phase differential (" Complex bioelectric impedance measurement system for the frequency range from5Hz to 1MHz; " Ann.Biomed.Eng., vol.21, no.2, pp.135-146, Mar.1993.).Szczepanik and Rucki pointed out in 2000 when carrying out four terminal impedance measurements, when frequency is higher than 5kHz, the voltage that records at the response electrode has larger fluctuation (Z.Szczepanik, and Z.Rucki, " Frequency analysis of electrical impedance tomography system, " IEEE Trans.Instrum.Meas., vol.49, no.4, pp.844-851, Aug.2000.).Dickin is easy generation current source saturated phenomenon when pointing out four terminal impedance measurements year, be limited (F.Dickin so that measure the upper limit, and M.Wang, " Electrical resistance tomography for process applications; " Meas.Sci.Technol., vol.7, no.3, pp.247-260, Mar.1996.).
In electrical impedance tomography, two-terminal pattern and four terminal patterns also are two kinds of common imaging patterns.Under two-terminal impedance measurement pattern, per two electrodes of sensor are applied exciting current successively, measure again the magnitude of voltage of sensing on these two electrodes, calculate the two-terminal impedance value.Under the four terminal patterns, two electrodes of sensor are applied exciting current, measure again the magnitude of voltage of sensing on other two electrodes, calculate the anti-value of four terminal resistance.For four terminal patterns, can select adjacent excitation, relatively excitation or the multiple energisation mode such as diagonal line.Utilizing sensitivity theory to carry out in the electrical impedance tomography, the image quality under the two-terminal pattern and speed are not as good as image quality and speed under the four terminal patterns.
In addition in actual applications, often can run into four terminal patterns can not satisfy application demand or not have two kinds of situations of four terminal impedance measuring Instruments.Therefore very be necessary to invent out a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern, overcome defects, but Effective Raise image contrast and resolving power, and can accelerate image taking speed.
[summary of the invention]
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern, can not satisfying application demand or not possess the situation of four terminal impedance measuring Instruments in four terminal patterns, still can provide high-quality, high-speed image reconstruction.
For achieving the above object, a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern provided by the invention, adopt following technical scheme:
A kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1 is set up the finite element analysis model of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) sensor 11;
Step 2 according to the sensitivity theory of Geselowitz and Lehr proposition, in conjunction with the finite element analysis model of EIT sensor 11, is calculated the four terminal sensitivity matrix Ss of described EIT sensor 11 under the arbitrary excitation patterns such as adjacent, relative or diagonal line;
Step 3, utilize double-T shaped hyperchannel handover module 14 gates 12 of relay to be one of measurement terminal one, measurement terminal two, ground connection, floating empty one of four states, only containing homogeneous conductive medium and measurand 13 at sensor enters in the sensor under these two kinds of situations, carry out the two-terminal impedance measurement by two-terminal impedance measurement module 15 respectively, survey frequency is 10kHz, and by the GPIB-USB interface data is uploaded in the PC 16 in real time;
Step 4, pair of electrodes A-B is recorded another to the induced voltage of electrode C-D by current excitation, and the four terminal resistance values that calculate gained are designated as Z
CD ← ABFour couples of electrode A-C, A-D, B-C or B-D are applied in respectively current excitation, and record this to the induced voltage between the electrode, and the two-terminal resistance value that calculates gained is designated as z
AC, z
AD, z
BCPerhaps z
BDAccording to impedance measurement data-switching formula provided by the invention
Measured two-terminal resistance value matrix is convertible into four terminal resistance value matrixes under the different incentive modes such as adjacent, relative or diagonal line; The four terminal resistance value matrixes that only contain at sensor under the situation of homogeneous conductive medium are designated as Z
0, the four terminal resistance value matrixes that measurand 13 enters under the situation in the sensor are designated as Z, according to Δ Z=Z-Z
0Calculate Δ Z;
Step 5 utilizes the inverse problem method for solving to find the solution Δ Z=S Δ σ, obtains sensitivity field internal conductance rate difference distribution Δ σ;
Step 6 in conjunction with the finite element analysis model of EIT sensor 11, utilizes the conductivity difference distribution of gained to carry out image reconstruction, the information such as the shape of demonstration measurand 13, position in PC 16.
Wherein, a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern, the double-T shaped hyperchannel handover module 14 of relay that it is characterized in that the switching two-terminal impedance measurement passage in the described method step three adopts the miniature dpdt relay switch G6K of Omron company product to consist of the contact impedance that double-T shaped construction of switch is eliminated the two-terminal impedance measurement, concrete structure is: transfer contact 222 connecting electrodes 12 of relay 22, the normally opened contact 221 of relay 22 connects the transfer contact 212 of relay 21, and the normally closed contact 223 of relay 22 connects the transfer contact 232 of relay 23; The normally opened contact 211 of relay 21 connects the measurement terminal one of two-terminal impedance measurement module 15, and the normally closed contact 213 of relay 21 connects ground; The normally opened contact 231 of relay 23 connects the measurement terminal two of two-terminal impedance measurement module 15, and the normally closed contact 233 of relay 23 is floating empty; Described method is also by the electrode platinum plating; The State selective measurements frequency is eliminated the contact impedance of two-terminal impedance measurement greater than 10kHz.
The advantage of a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern provided by the invention is:
1. the present invention is applicable to non-intrusion type electrical impedance tomography technology, is particularly useful for the situation that four terminal impedance measurement modes do not satisfy application demand or do not possess four terminal impedance measuring Instruments.
2. impedance measurement data-switching formula of the present invention can be transformed into effectively by the two-terminal impedance measurement of limited number of time four terminal impedance measurements under the arbitrary excitation patterns such as adjacent, relative or diagonal line, has greatly improved the utilization factor of data.
3. but contrast and the resolution of the present invention's Effective Raise institute reconstructed image are accelerated image taking speed.
4. the double-T shaped hyperchannel handover module of the relay of switching two-terminal impedance measurement passage of the present invention adopts the miniature dpdt relay switch G6K of Omron company product to consist of the contact impedance that double-T shaped construction of switch is eliminated the two-terminal impedance measurement, and can realize selecting electrode by the change action of trying one's best few be one of terminal one, terminal two, ground connection, floating empty one of four states.The present invention also passes through to the electrode platinum plating, and survey frequency is selected in the interference of effectively eliminating the major defect contact impedance of two-terminal impedance measurement at 10kHz with first-class measure.
[Figure of description]
Fig. 1 is the anti-chromatography imaging method synoptic diagram of a kind of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the double-T shaped switch module of relay;
Fig. 3 is four terminal impedance measurement pattern diagram;
Fig. 4 is two-terminal impedance measurement pattern diagram;
Fig. 5 is that four kinds of measurands are put into sensor and tested synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern is through 25 reconstructed images of method of conjugate gradient iteration;
Fig. 7 is that two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method is through 25 reconstructed images of method of conjugate gradient iteration;
Fig. 8 is that two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method is through 100 reconstructed images of method of conjugate gradient iteration.
[embodiment]
Be further described below in conjunction with the embodiment of accompanying drawing to a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern of the present invention, provide experiment gained reconstructed image, and carry out the reconstructed results contrast with the two-terminal electrical impedance tomography.
Step 1 with reference to Fig. 3, is set up the finite element analysis model of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) sensor 11;
Step 2, with reference to Fig. 3, according to the sensitivity theory of Geselowitz and Lehr proposition, in conjunction with the finite element analysis model of EIT sensor 11, calculate the four terminal sensitivity matrix Ss of described EIT sensor 11 under the arbitrary excitation patterns such as adjacent, relative or diagonal line;
Step 3, with reference to Fig. 1-2, the double-T shaped switch module working method of relay is as follows: under the default situations, relay is failure to actuate, and electrode 12 can place floating dummy status; When normally opened contact 221 closures of signal control relay 22, normally opened contact 211 closures of relay 21, electrode 12 can connect the terminal one of accurate electric impedance analyzer 15; When normally opened contact 231 closures of signal control relay 23, electrode 12 can connect the terminal two of accurate electric impedance analyzer 15; When normally opened contact 221 closures of signal control relay 22, electrode 12 joinably.PC 16 selects electrode 12 to be one of terminal one, terminal two, ground connection, floating empty one of four states by USB or the double-T shaped switch module 14 of RS-232 interface pilot relay by the change action of trying one's best few; With reference to Fig. 5, measurand 13 comprises 53,4 glass bars 54 of 52,3 Circular glass rods of 51,2 Circular glass rods of 1 Circular glass rod; With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 5, only containing homogeneous conductive medium and measurand 13 at sensor enters in the sensor under these two kinds of situations, carry out the two-terminal impedance measurement by two-terminal impedance measurement module 15 respectively, survey frequency is 10kHz, and by the GPIB-USB interface data is uploaded in the PC 16 in real time;
Step 4, with reference to Fig. 3, pair of electrodes A-B is recorded another to the induced voltage of electrode C-D by current excitation, and the four terminal resistance values that calculate gained are designated as Z
CD ← ABWith reference to Fig. 4, four couples of electrode A-C, A-D, B-C or B-D are applied in respectively current excitation, and record this to the induced voltage between the electrode, and the two-terminal resistance value that calculates gained is designated as z
AC, z
AD, z
BCPerhaps z
BDWith reference to Fig. 3-4, according to impedance measurement data-switching formula provided by the invention
Measured two-terminal resistance value matrix is convertible into four terminal resistance value matrixes under the different incentive modes such as adjacent, relative or diagonal line; The four terminal resistance value matrixes that only contain at sensor under the situation of homogeneous conductive medium are designated as Z
0, the four terminal resistance value matrixes that measurand 13 enters under the situation in the sensor are designated as Z, according to Δ Z=Z-Z
0Calculate Δ Z;
Step 5 utilizes the inverse problem method for solving to find the solution Δ Z=S Δ σ, obtains sensitivity field internal conductance rate difference distribution Δ σ;
Step 6 with reference to Fig. 1, in conjunction with the finite element analysis model of EIT sensor 11, utilizes the conductivity difference distribution of gained to carry out image reconstruction, the information such as the shape of demonstration measurand 13, position in PC 16; With reference to Fig. 6, a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern of the present invention obtains 1 glass bar reconstructed image 61 25 times through the method for conjugate gradient iteration, 63,4 glass bar reconstructed images 64 of 62,3 glass bar reconstructed images of 2 glass bar reconstructed images.
For feasibility and the validity of a kind of anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern of the present invention are described more objectively, two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method is carried out image reconstruction 100 times through method of conjugate gradient iteration 25 times and iteration respectively.With reference to Fig. 7, two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method obtains 73,4 glass bar reconstructed images 74 of 72,3 glass bar reconstructed images of 71,2 glass bar reconstructed images of 1 glass bar reconstructed image 25 times through the method for conjugate gradient iteration.With reference to Fig. 8, two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method obtains 83,4 glass bar reconstructed images 84 of 82,3 glass bar reconstructed images of 81,2 glass bar reconstructed images of 1 glass bar reconstructed image 100 times through the method for conjugate gradient iteration.
Comparison diagram 6, Fig. 7 illustrate that the image that method of the present invention is rebuild all is far superior to two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method at contrast, resolving power under identical iterations.Comparison diagram 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 illustrate that two-terminal Electrical Resistance Tomography method iterations is increased to 4 times, although reconstructed image quality increases, still can not distinguish four glass bars fully, so its image quality is still not as good as method of the present invention.Table 1 provides two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method and method of the present invention is rebuild the image required time of a width of cloth 50*50 pixel through method of conjugate gradient.Associative list 1, Fig. 6-8 illustrate that method of the present invention carries out image reconstruction and can obtain in 0.8438 second to rebuild 2.9958 seconds higher image quality than two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method adopting method of conjugate gradient to find the solution inverse problem.
Table 1. two-terminal electrical impedance tomography method and method reconstructed image required time of the present invention
Therefore, the present invention is applicable to non-intrusion type electrical impedance tomography technology, is particularly useful for the situation that four terminal impedance measurement modes do not satisfy application demand or do not possess four terminal impedance measuring Instruments.But contrast and the resolution of the present invention's Effective Raise institute reconstructed image are accelerated image taking speed.
The above is only for the basic scheme of specific implementation method of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any those skilled in the art that are in technical scope disclosed by the invention, and the variation that can expect or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.All fall into the implication that is equal to of claim and the variation in the scope all will be included within the scope of claim.
Claims (2)
1. the anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is set up the finite element analysis model of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) sensor (11);
Step 2, sensitivity theory according to Geselowitz and Lehr proposition, in conjunction with the finite element analysis model of EIT sensor (11), calculate the four terminal sensitivity matrix Ss of described EIT sensor (11) under the arbitrary excitation patterns such as adjacent, relative or diagonal line;
Step 3, utilize the double-T shaped hyperchannel handover module of relay (14) gate (12) to be one of measurement terminal one, measurement terminal two, ground connection, floating empty one of four states, only containing homogeneous conductive medium and measurand (13) at sensor enters in the sensor under these two kinds of situations, carry out the two-terminal impedance measurement by two-terminal impedance measurement module (15) respectively, survey frequency is 10kHz, and by the GPIB-USB interface data is uploaded in the PC (16) in real time;
Step 4, pair of electrodes A-B is recorded another to the induced voltage of electrode C-D by current excitation, and the four terminal resistance values that calculate gained are designated as Z
CD ← ABFour couples of electrode A-C, A-D, B-C or B-D are applied in respectively current excitation, and record this to the induced voltage between the electrode, and the two-terminal resistance value that calculates gained is designated as z
AC, z
AD, z
BCPerhaps z
BDAccording to impedance measurement data-switching formula provided by the invention
Measured two-terminal resistance value matrix is convertible into four terminal resistance value matrixes under the different incentive modes such as adjacent, relative or diagonal line; The four terminal resistance value matrixes that only contain at sensor under the situation of homogeneous conductive medium are designated as Z
0, the four terminal resistance value matrixes that measurand (13) enters under the situation in the sensor are designated as Z, according to Δ Z=Z-Z
0Calculate Δ Z;
Step 5 utilizes the inverse problem method for solving to find the solution Δ Z=S Δ σ, obtains sensitivity field internal conductance rate difference distribution Δ σ;
Step 6 in conjunction with the finite element analysis model of EIT sensor (11), utilizes the conductivity difference distribution of gained to carry out image reconstruction, the information such as the shape of demonstration measurand (13), position in PC (16).
2. anti-chromatography imaging method of four terminal resistance based on two-terminal impedance measurement pattern, the double-T shaped hyperchannel handover module of relay (14) that it is characterized in that the switching two-terminal impedance measurement passage in the described method step three adopts the miniature dpdt relay switch G6K of Omron company product to consist of the contact impedance that double-T shaped construction of switch is eliminated the two-terminal impedance measurement, concrete structure is: transfer contact (222) connecting electrode (12) of relay (22), the normally opened contact (221) of relay (22) connects the transfer contact (212) of relay (21), and the normally closed contact (223) of relay (22) connects the transfer contact (232) of relay (23); The normally opened contact (211) of relay (21) connects the measurement terminal one of two-terminal impedance measurement module (15), and the normally closed contact (213) of relay (21) connects ground; The normally opened contact (231) of relay (23) connects the measurement terminal two of two-terminal impedance measurement module (15), and the normally closed contact (233) of relay (23) is floating empty; Described method is also by the electrode platinum plating; The State selective measurements frequency is eliminated the contact impedance of two-terminal impedance measurement greater than 10kHz.
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| CN107677706A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-09 | 西安理工大学 | The visual wireless detecting system and detection method of supercentrifuge multiphase medium distribution |
| CN111751623A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-09 | 日本电产理德股份有限公司 | Inspection apparatus and inspection method |
| CN111766276A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-10-13 | 中国农业大学 | Plant stem freezing and thawing measuring method, device, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113533439A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 中国农业大学 | Electrical impedance imaging method and system for corn ear moisture distribution and electronic equipment |
| CN114288555A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-08 | 云南贝泰妮生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Radio frequency beauty instrument self-adaptive frequency modulation system based on skin impedance |
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| CN105982671A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-10-05 | 思澜科技（成都）有限公司 | Optimized bioelectric-impedance test circuit |
| CN107677706A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-09 | 西安理工大学 | The visual wireless detecting system and detection method of supercentrifuge multiphase medium distribution |
| CN111751623A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-09 | 日本电产理德股份有限公司 | Inspection apparatus and inspection method |
| CN111766276A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-10-13 | 中国农业大学 | Plant stem freezing and thawing measuring method, device, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113533439A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 中国农业大学 | Electrical impedance imaging method and system for corn ear moisture distribution and electronic equipment |
| CN114288555A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-08 | 云南贝泰妮生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Radio frequency beauty instrument self-adaptive frequency modulation system based on skin impedance |
| CN114288555B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-02-28 | 云南贝泰妮生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Radio frequency beauty instrument self-adaptive frequency modulation system based on skin impedance |
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