CN103014612A - Method for performing high-speed aluminizing on slurry without protective atmosphere or protective layer under atmospheric conditions - Google Patents
Method for performing high-speed aluminizing on slurry without protective atmosphere or protective layer under atmospheric conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for performing high-speed aluminizing on slurry without protective atmosphere or a protective layer under atmospheric conditions. A workpiece surface for precipitating aluminized slurry does not need the protective atmosphere or the protective layer and is directly heated so as to form an aluminium-rich layer with a certain thickness on a workpiece surface layer. The technology is carried out according to the following steps: removing surface oil, derusting by sandblast, performing surface cleaning, precipitating aluminized slurry, drying, heating and performing aftertreatment; and precipitating the aluminized slurry on the workpiece surface through the technologies of spraying, performing brush coating, performing dip coating and the like. The induction heating frequency is between 50Hz-1MHz; and the current density is higher than 5A/cm<2>, the frequency is 0-1MHz, the heating temperature is higher than 300 DEG C, the heating time is longer than 10 seconds, and the heating rate is higher than 2 DEG C/s. The method has the beneficial effects that the problems of low efficiency and high cost which are caused by the protective atmosphere or the protective layer which is required by a current slurry aluminizing technology are eliminated, and the problems of complicated hardware aluminizing processes, high technological difficulty and especially difficult realization in ultra long pipeline inner walls are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of surface coating, particularly the slip high speed aluminizing method of unprotect atmosphere or protective layer under a kind of atmospheric condition.
Background technology
For improving the particularly efficient of thermal power generation of efficiency of energy utilization, the super (super-) critical generating set in a large number should be in the fuel-burning power plant, and the high-temperature high-pressure steam etching problem is more and more severeer in the boiler tubing.Pipe material mostly is greatly the high temperature steel of the various trades mark, owing to usually containing more alloying element chromium, oxidation can form the chromic oxide protective membrane in the atmosphere.Yet, in high-temperature water vapor, alloy surface but easily forms the volatile products such as oxyhydroxide contain chromium [referring to document: M.P.Brady et al., The development of alumina-forming austenitic stainlesssteels for high-temperature structural use, JOM, 60,12 (2008)], and oxide film be easy to peel off.Peeling off of oxide skin not only makes the tube wall attenuate, also can pile up in pipeline and stops up vapour passage, causes overvoltage and booster can cause the erosion corrosion of turbine blade simultaneously, greatly reduces the operation life of equipment.The researchist find the stability of aluminum oxide in water vapor far above chromic oxide [referring to document: P.Steinmetz et al., Volatility of CommonProtective Oxides in High-Temperature Water Vapor:CurrentUnderstanding and Unanswered Questions, Mat.Sci.Forum, 461 – 464,765 (2004)], therefore, people are adapted to the Boiler Steam environment and have aluminum oxide form the alloy of ability [referring to document: Y.Yamamoto et al. in exploration always, Creep-Resistant, Al
2O
3-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels, Science, 316,433 (2007)] or the top coat technology.
Because austenitic steel has the mechanical behavior under high temperature more excellent than ferritic steel, thereby the latter is being replaced by the former gradually, particularly in the high pressure steam section.Developing the material with aluminum oxide formation ability will be to keep austenite mutually as prerequisite.And aluminium is strong ferrite former, and the aluminium about content ~ 4wt% just may cause the disappearance of austenite phase.Have aluminum oxide formation ability and will reach, the aluminium in the alloy will reach finite concentration.Thereby aspect alloy development, at first to dissolve this contradiction, more successful report from U.S.'s Oak Ridge National Laboratory [referring to document: M.P.Brady et al., Composition, Microstructure, and WaterVapor Effects on Internal/External Oxidation of Alumina-FormingAustenitic Stainless Steels, Oxid.Met., 72,311 (2009)].They add a large amount of nickel and come the stable austenite phase in the alloy of developing, find that the aluminium of 2wt% just can make this alloy form the continuous aluminium oxide film in 800 ° of C atmosphere.Under the moisture vapor condition, obvious local tuberculation corrosion just appears in 800 ° of C cyclic oxidation 1600h alloy surfaces, is much better than common high temperature steel.But for the requirement of tens thousand of hours life, this alloy still is difficult to meet the demands.At the top coat technical elements, first-selected is aluminising.After the investigator carries out traditional pack cementation aluminizing processing to the seamless steel tube for boiler material, the anti-steam oxidation ability of finding alloy improves greatly, oxidation 32000h does not find obviously to peel off with local oxidative phenomena [referring to document: A.Ag ü ero et al., Long exposure steam oxidation testing and mechanical properties ofslurry aluminide coatings for steam turbine components, Surf.Coat.Technol., 200,1219 (2005)].This is because alloy surface has formed the intermetallic Fe-Al compound phase, have aluminum oxide and form ability, thereby anti-steam oxidation ability is excellent.Tradition embedding alumetizing process needs 800 ° of C of high temperature (〉) long-time (a few hours) heating, this can cause the problem such as grain growth of matrix alloy and reduce the base material mechanical property.In addition, the Fe2Al5 that generates or FeAl intermetallic compounds layer are more crisp, and often contain the penetrating crack of some amount in the coating, and this phenomenon also has report in most literature, thereby have larger potential safety hazard in the process under arms.Coating cracking and reason thereof are that the thermal expansivity of FeAl intermetallic compound is much higher than matrix (FeAl: ~ 20 * 10
-6/ ° C, stainless steel:＜18 * 10
-6/ ° C) [referring to document: high petrel etc., FeAl intermetallic compound present Research, material Leader, 22,68 (2008)], cause existing in the coating larger tension stress, what this factor caused should be difficult elimination, thereby this cracking of coating also is difficult to overcome.According to reported in literature, behind the high temperature steel aluminising pack cementation aluminizing, although anti-steam oxidation ability is largely increased, but under the cyclic oxidation condition that colds and heat succeed each other, penetrating crack in the coating causes breakdown of coating, matrix oxidation serious [referring to document: A.Ag ü ero et al., Cyclic oxidation and mechanical behaviour ofslurry aluminide coatings for steam turbine components, Surf.Coat.Technol., 201,6253 (2007)].
Continue to bring out out in recent years some novel aluminizing technologies, comprise and utilize nanotechnology with the problem that solves matrix grain and grow up and adopt electric current to help the method for oozing etc.Studies show that and utilize the spread coefficient that the making Nano surface technology can the Effective Raise element, can realize that low temperature oozes some elements, can be down to 300 ° of C[more than the C referring to document by 500 ° such as nitriding temperature behind the shot blasting on surface nanometer: W.P.Tong et al., Nitriding Iron at Lower Temperatures, Science, 299,686 (2003)].Can predict, adopt this technique aluminising, be expected to eliminate the problem of matrix alloy grain growth.Yet if adopt pack cementation aluminizing technique, this aluminized coating will still be intermetallic compound, still have serious fragility problem.Because Heating temperature is lower, obtain certain thickness infiltration layer in addition, its soaking time must reach several hours, thereby efficient is lower.In addition, for the less boiler tubing of internal diameter, make the shot-peening nanometer to its inwall and process, technical also is a kind of challenge.Electric current helps the method for oozing then can greatly improve rate of diffusion, it is reported, apply direct current to sample in the pack cementation process, alloying layer thickness be do not add more than galvanic ten times [referring to document: straight China etc., DC electric field is on the impact of powder method aluminising, the material heat treatment journal, 29,154 (2008)], thus time that can be shorter obtain the infiltration layer of same thickness, matrix grain is grown up and can be inhibited, and production efficiency is also higher.
Yet at present electric current is helped the technical study of oozing, a kind of be this in conjunction with pack cementation aluminizing technique [referring to document: Z.Zhou et al., A novel powder aluminizing technologyassisted by direct current field at low temperatures, Surf.Coat.Technol., 203,23 (2008); Recklessly wait the method for accelerating solid power calorizing by DC electric field, the patent No. 200810018925 (2008) quietly; Ding Zhimin etc. adopt the Electricity Contact Heating method in the method for steel pipe internal-surface acquisition aluminized coating, China Patent No. 200410054890 (2007)].Although the infiltration layer growth velocity obtains significantly to promote, electric current helps the pack cementation aluminizing that oozes to have equally the problems such as infiltration layer is crisp [referring to document: Wei Xingzhao etc., the direct electrically heated Fast Aluminizing research of steel, metal heat treatmet, (7) 19 (1995)].Another kind is [referring to document: Ding Qingru in conjunction with thermospray or Paste aluminising technique, ultralong steel tube thermospray induction alumetizing process, the chemical industry corrosion and protection, (4) 5 (1997)], this method not only can the high speed aluminising, can also obtain the iron-based solid solution layer of rich aluminium, pack cementation aluminizing forms the fragility phase and heat is mated the infiltration layer problem of Cracking that imbalance causes thereby eliminated.Yet the electric current of report helps bleed slurry alumetizing process need use the slip of inert atmosphere, vacuum or anti oxidation layer protection workpiece surface deposition not oxidized [referring to document: appoint talented; the main characteristic research of slip induction alumetizing process and infiltration layer; oil Refining Technologies and engineering; 33; 33 (2003)]; so just reduce production efficiency, increased cost.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to cause the expensive problem of poor efficiency in order to solve current Paste aluminising arts demand protective atmosphere or protective layer; and Big Gold metal elements aluminising complex procedures; technology difficulty is large; the problem that particularly is difficult to realize at the overlength inner-walls of duct, the spy provides the slip high speed aluminizing method of unprotect atmosphere under a kind of atmospheric condition or protective layer.
The invention provides the slip high speed aluminizing method of unprotect atmosphere under a kind of atmospheric condition or protective layer, it is characterized in that: the workpiece surface of deposition aluminising slip, need not protective atmosphere and protective layer, directly to its heating, thereby obtain certain thickness rich aluminium lamination at workpiece surface; .
Technique is 1. surface degreasing as follows, 2. derusting by sandblast, and 3. 4. the clean surface deposits the aluminising slip, 5. oven dry, 6. heating, 7. aftertreatment;
The aluminising slip by process deposits such as spraying, brushing and dipping in workpiece surface, deposit thickness 0.01-2mm;
Used type of heating is
Induction heating,
The heating of workpiece direct-electrifying,
Cooperate the external heat source heating, wherein type of heating must contain
One of them,
Be optional type of heating.
The induction heating frequency is 50Hz-1MHz; The direct-electrifying heating can be direct current, pulse, interchange or its combination, current density〉5A/cm
2, frequency 0-1MHz, Heating temperature〉and 300 ° of C, the time〉10s, heating rate〉2 ° of C/s.
The present invention helps on the basis of alumetizing process at electric current, uses novel aluminising slip to cooperate suitable type of heating, has realized need not under the atmospheric condition high speed aluminising of protective atmosphere or protective layer.Present method technique is simple, efficient is high, cost is low, can be used for the particularly alitizing of large-scale component of various hot metal members, and for the preparation of the anti-steam oxidation coating of the larger large-sized boiler inner-walls of duct of difficulty, also can carry out on-the-spot local aluminising to large-scale workpiece.
Advantage of the present invention:
The slip high speed aluminizing method of unprotect atmosphere or protective layer under the concrete atmospheric condition that propose of the present invention; eliminate current Paste aluminising arts demand protective atmosphere or protective layer and caused the expensive problem of poor efficiency; can solve Big Gold metal elements aluminising complex procedures; technology difficulty is large, the problem that particularly is difficult to realize at the overlength inner-walls of duct.Present method cost is lower simultaneously, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with drawings and the embodiments:
The infiltration layer cross section scanning electron microscope Photomicrograph of Fig. 1 for obtaining with aluminizing method of the present invention at high temperature steel TP347H, induction heating ~ 900 ° C, 20min.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides the slip high speed aluminizing method of unprotect atmosphere under a kind of atmospheric condition or protective layer.
Take commercial heat resisting pipe TP347H(1Cr19Ni11Nb) as sample by present method aluminising, specimen size: external diameter 58mm, wall thickness 5mm, length 40mm.Processing step is surface degreasing 1.: for the more sample of greasy dirt, at first carry out oil removal treatment, can adopt universal process method.2. derusting by sandblast: the less sample of greasy dirt also can directly carry out derusting by sandblast to be processed.This sample is processed therefore directly carry out derusting by sandblast without obvious greasy dirt, and the used air pressure of sandblast is 0.5MPa approximately, and sand grains is 250 order glass microballons.After Surface Rust is removed, must remove the sand grains of remained on surface.3. clean surface: cleaning method can wash with high pressure water or air.4. deposit the aluminising slip: slip adopts patent formulation [referring to document: Shen Mingli; Zhu Shenglong; Wang Fuhui; a kind of water-based phosphate base aluminising silicon slip of environment-friendly chromium-free ion; Chinese patent application numbers 2012103340010]; adjust the dipping number of times according to the slip viscosity, make the slip bed thickness of deposition to 0.2mm.5. oven dry: in 50-80 ° of C air, stop〉3min, stop in 100-150 ° of C air the slip that deposits of 3min oven dry.6. heating: adopt
Induction heating, frequency are 50kHz, adjust electric current and make sample reach 900 ° of C, insulation 20min, air cooling.7. aftertreatment: use the high pressure water flushing of 0.6MPa to wash surperficial remnant off.The stereoscan photograph of the aluminized coating cross section microstructure that obtains thus as shown in Figure 1, visible alloying layer thickness ~ 150 μ m, energy spectrum analysis shows its main chemical: Al 8.03, Cr 17.62, Ni 8.91, Si 0.85, Mn 1.02, Fe surplus (wt%).This composition is similar to the FeCrAl electrical heating alloys composition of resistance to high temperature corrosion performance excellence, and the aluminium content in this infiltration layer is higher than the latter.
Embodiment 2
Take industrial pure ni as sample by present method aluminising, specimen size: long 15mm, wide 10mm, thick 2mm.Processing step is surface degreasing 1.: adopt alcohol acetone to clean.2. derusting by sandblast: the used air pressure of sandblast is 0.5MPa approximately, and sand grains is 250 order glass microballons.3. clean surface: cleaning method can wash with high pressure water or air.4. deposit the aluminising slip: slip adopts patent formulation [referring to document: Shen Mingli; Zhu Shenglong; Wang Fuhui; a kind of water-based phosphate base aluminising silicon slip of environment-friendly chromium-free ion; Chinese patent application numbers 2012103340010]; adjust the dipping number of times according to the slip viscosity, make the slip bed thickness of deposition to 1.5mm.5. oven dry: in 50-80 ° of C air, stop 5min, stop the slip that the 5min oven dry deposits in the 100-150 ° of C air.6. heating: adopt
Induction heating, frequency are 200kHz, adjust electric current and make sample reach 800 ° of C, insulation 2min, air cooling.7. aftertreatment: use the high pressure water flushing of 0.6MPa to wash surperficial remnant off.Obtain thus can obtaining thus the above aluminized coating of thickness 10 μ m.
Embodiment 3
Take commercial 304 Stainless Steel Wires as sample by present method aluminising, specimen size: diameter 0.5mm, length 100mm.Processing step is surface degreasing 1.: adopt the acetone alcohol blend to clean.2. derusting by sandblast: because the surface is rustless, remove this step from.3. clean surface: this step is removed from equally.4. deposit the aluminising slip: slip adopts patent formulation [referring to document: Shen Mingli; Zhu Shenglong; Wang Fuhui; a kind of water-based phosphate base aluminising silicon slip of environment-friendly chromium-free ion; Chinese patent application numbers 2012103340010]; adjust the dipping number of times according to the slip viscosity, make the slip bed thickness of deposition to 0.02mm.5. oven dry: in 50-80 ° of C air, stop 3min, stop the slip that the 3min oven dry deposits in the 100-150 ° of C air.6. heating: adopt
The heating of workpiece direct-electrifying, frequency is the 50Hz industrial-frequency alternating current, adjusts electric current and makes sample reach 500 ° of C, insulation 10min, air cooling.7. aftertreatment: use the high pressure water flushing of 0.6MPa to wash surperficial remnant off.Can obtain thus the above aluminized coating of thickness 5 μ m.
Below by reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but these explanations can not be understood to limit protection scope of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is limited by the claims of enclosing, and any change on claim of the present invention basis all is protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the slip high speed aluminizing method of unprotect atmosphere or protective layer under the atmospheric condition is characterized in that: the workpiece surface of deposition aluminising slip, need not protective atmosphere and protective layer, and directly to its heating, thereby obtain certain thickness rich aluminium lamination at workpiece surface; .
Technique is 1. surface degreasing as follows, 2. derusting by sandblast, and 3. 4. the clean surface deposits the aluminising slip, 5. oven dry, 6. heating, 7. aftertreatment;
The aluminising slip by process deposits such as spraying, brushing and dipping in workpiece surface, deposit thickness 0.01-2mm;
Used type of heating is
Induction heating,
The heating of workpiece direct-electrifying,
Cooperate the external heat source heating, wherein type of heating must contain
One of them,
Be optional type of heating.
2. according to the slip high speed aluminizing method of unprotect atmosphere or protective layer under the atmospheric condition claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the induction heating frequency is 50Hz-1MHz; The direct-electrifying heating can be direct current, pulse, interchange or its combination, current density〉5A/cm
2, frequency 0-1MHz, Heating temperature〉and 300 ° of C, the time〉10s, heating rate〉2 ° of C/s.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103334547A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-10-02 | 湖北交投四优钢科技有限公司 | Aluminized corrugated tile and manufacturing method |
| CN103343516A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-10-09 | 湖北交投四优钢科技有限公司 | Aluminized highway guardrail and preparation method |
| CN105695930A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-06-22 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Method for infiltrating aluminum-silicon coating on surface of boiler tube with large length-diameter ratio |
| CN106893972A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-06-27 | 常熟理工学院 | A kind of method of sensing heating neutral salt bath in surface of low-carbon steel aluminising |
| CN114351082A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 彭州航大新材料有限公司 | Local slurry aluminizing process for nickel-based superalloy and slurry permeating agent |
| CN114473171A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-05-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Preparation method of high-temperature-resistant and antioxidant layered composite material |
| CN114657544A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-24 | 彭州航大新材料有限公司 | Aluminizing cobalt process for inner cavity surface of nickel-based superalloy and cobalt-aluminum infiltration layer |
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Cited By (12)
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| CN103334547A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-10-02 | 湖北交投四优钢科技有限公司 | Aluminized corrugated tile and manufacturing method |
| CN103343516A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-10-09 | 湖北交投四优钢科技有限公司 | Aluminized highway guardrail and preparation method |
| CN103334547B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-09-30 | 湖北交投四优钢科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminising corrugated tile and preparation method |
| CN103343516B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2016-08-10 | 湖北交投四优钢科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminising freeway guardrail and preparation method |
| CN105695930A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-06-22 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Method for infiltrating aluminum-silicon coating on surface of boiler tube with large length-diameter ratio |
| CN106893972A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-06-27 | 常熟理工学院 | A kind of method of sensing heating neutral salt bath in surface of low-carbon steel aluminising |
| CN106893972B (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2019-01-04 | 常熟理工学院 | A kind of method of induction heating neutral salt bath in surface of low-carbon steel aluminising |
| CN114473171A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-05-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Preparation method of high-temperature-resistant and antioxidant layered composite material |
| CN114351082A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 彭州航大新材料有限公司 | Local slurry aluminizing process for nickel-based superalloy and slurry permeating agent |
| CN114351082B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2024-01-30 | 彭州航大新材料有限公司 | Nickel-based superalloy local slurry aluminizing process and slurry penetrant |
| CN114657544A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-24 | 彭州航大新材料有限公司 | Aluminizing cobalt process for inner cavity surface of nickel-based superalloy and cobalt-aluminum infiltration layer |
| CN114657544B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-10-27 | 彭州航大新材料有限公司 | Cobalt aluminizing process and cobalt aluminizing layer for inner cavity surface of nickel-based superalloy |
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