CN103011261B - Solvothermal synthesis method of wurtzite structure CZTS(Se) (Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide) semiconductor material under synergistic effect of ultrasonic waves and microwaves - Google Patents
Solvothermal synthesis method of wurtzite structure CZTS(Se) (Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide) semiconductor material under synergistic effect of ultrasonic waves and microwaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN103011261B CN103011261B CN201210503986.5A CN201210503986A CN103011261B CN 103011261 B CN103011261 B CN 103011261B CN 201210503986 A CN201210503986 A CN 201210503986A CN 103011261 B CN103011261 B CN 103011261B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solvothermal synthesis method of a wurtzite structure Cu2ZnSnS4 or Cu2ZnSnSe4 semiconductor material under a synergistic effect of ultrasonic waves/microwaves. The solvothermal synthesis method comprises the following steps of: dissolving a reaction raw material in an organic solvent and then placing in an ultrasonic wave and microwave combined reaction system, completing the solvothermal reaction synthesis in an ultrasonic filed through microwave heating, and controlling the reaction temperature, reaction time, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time of the reaction system in a reaction process to achieve the purpose of synthesizing a target product, namely a wurtzite structure Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 semiconductor material. The chemical element composition of the product can be accurately controlled through a mol ratio of the reaction raw material, and the morphology and crystallization form of the product can be regulated and controlled through all parameters of the reaction process. The solvothermal synthesis method is reduced in requirements for synthesis conditions, is capable of more flexibly controlling the whole synthesis process so as to form a specific structure, and has the characteristics of simple reaction device, high reaction speed, strong controllability and intervention in the reaction process, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of a kind of ultrasonic wave/microwave cooperating
2znSnS
4(Wurtzite CZTS) or Cu
2znSnSe
4the method of (Wurtzite CZTSe) semiconductor material, the semiconductor material of synthesized is applied to the exploitation of thin film solar cell precursor, the technical fields such as photo-sensor.
Background technology
Novel wurtzite structure Cu
2znSnS
4and Cu
2znSnSe
4semiconductor material has very high photoabsorption coefficient (10
4cm
-1), than cube custerite structure (kesterite) and two kinds of structures of tin pyrite (stannite) there is better sintering activity, application prospect is considerable; Generally, solvent thermal compounding wurtzite structure C u
2znSnS
4and Cu
2znSnSe
4need in the hot environment of inert atmosphere, long-time insulation reaction just can carry out, this synthesis mode very flexible, the time of reaction is longer, and can not intervene reaction pilot process; The present invention utilizes feature and the ultrasonic activation effect of ultrasonic wave in liquid of carry out microwave radiation heating uniformity, reduces synthesis temperature, and fast reaction speed reaches the object of synthesizing fast target product under normal pressure.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is take one or more in water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, diethanolamine, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid and oleic acid is solvent, take mantoquita, zinc salt, pink salt and sulphur source (selenium source) is raw material, utilizes ultrasonic wave and microwave cooperating effect by the quick compounding wurtzite structure C of solvent thermal process u under normal pressure
2znSnS
4or Cu
2znSnSe
4semiconductor material.
Concrete steps are:
(1) Cu:Zn:Sn:S=2:1:1:4~5 or Cu:Zn:Sn:Se=2:1:1:4~5 take mantoquita, zinc salt and pink salt and are dissolved in solvent and make solution A in molar ratio, taking sulphur source or selenium source is dissolved in or is dispersed in solvent and make solution B, above-mentioned A, B two solution add in there-necked flask after mixing, described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: microwave heating power setting is 50~1000 watts, ultrasonic power is set to 10~80%, temperature of reaction is set to 100~250 ℃, ultrasonic time is set to 1~10 second, and be set to 1~10 second ultrasonic off time.
(3) reactive system that unlatching step (2) arranges starts reaction, after temperature rises to set temperature, insulation reaction is 0.5~3 hour, finish to treat system naturally cooling after reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 3~4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 70~90 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 7~9 hours, made wurtzite structure Cu
2znSnS
4or Cu
2znSnSe
4semiconductor material.
Described mantoquita is a kind of in venus crystals, copper chloride dihydrate, copper sulfate, and described zinc salt is a kind of in zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, and described pink salt is a kind of in two hydrated stannous chlorides, crystallization tin tetrachloride.
Described sulphur source is a kind of in thiocarbamide, sulphur powder and thioacetamide.
Described selenium source is a kind of in diphenyl disenenide, selenous acid and selenium powder.
Described solvent is one or more in water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, diethanolamine, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid and oleic acid, when being multiple, the solvent that uses can be with arbitrary volume than mixing.
The present invention controls by controlling the structure and composition of the synergy realization response thing of ultrasonic in solvent thermal building-up process and microwave, and the uniform heat-field that utilizes microwave heating to obtain provides reaction required basal heat mechanical condition; Utilize ultrasonication to control forming core and growth, in the forming core stage, utilize quick, a large amount of forming core of the cavatition of ultrasonication in uniform liquid; Crystal growth phase, utilizes focusing effect quick, even, controlled grow up of ultrasonic wave on nucleus and reaction soln two-phase interface.
The present invention is by controlling temperature of reaction, the reaction times, and microwave power, ultrasonic power, that control ultrasonic time of origin and ultrasonic off time reaction carries out speed and degree.
Compare with common solvent thermal synthesis technique, wurtzite structure Cu is prepared in the thermal synthesis of ultrasonic wave/microwave-assisted Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure
2znSnS
4or Cu
2znSnSe
4semiconductor material greatly reduces the requirement to synthesis condition, thereby and can control more flexibly whole reaction building-up process and form specific structure, ultrasonic wave microwave cooperating of the present invention effect has significant reaction activity power, under the condition that can make building-up reactions be difficult to occur in conventional solvent thermal, reacts rapidly; Have reaction unit simple, speed of response is fast simultaneously, reaction process controllability and the feature such as can intervention strong.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is preparation technology's schema of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 be take ethylene glycol Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of solvent supersonic ripple/microwave cooperating
2znSnS
4the XRD diffractogram of semiconductor material.
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 be take ethylene glycol Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of solvent supersonic ripple/microwave cooperating
2znSnS
4the SEM shape appearance figure of semiconductor material.
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 be take glycerol Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of solvent supersonic ripple/microwave cooperating
2znSnSe
4the XRD diffractogram of semiconductor material.
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 be take glycerol Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of solvent supersonic ripple/microwave cooperating
2znSnSe
4the SEM shape appearance figure of semiconductor material.
Fig. 6 is that the embodiment of the present invention 3 be take glycerol and oleic acid Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of double solvents ultrasonic wave/microwave cooperating
2znSnS
4the XRD diffractogram of semiconductor material.
Fig. 7 is that the embodiment of the present invention 3 be take glycerol and oleic acid Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of double solvents ultrasonic wave/microwave cooperating
2znSnS
4the SEM shape appearance figure of semiconductor material.
Fig. 8 is that the embodiment of the present invention 4 be take glycerol and diethanolamine Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of double solvents ultrasonic wave/microwave cooperating
2znSnS
4the XRD diffractogram of semiconductor material.
Fig. 9 is that the embodiment of the present invention 4 be take glycerol and diethanolamine Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under the effect of double solvents ultrasonic wave/microwave cooperating
2znSnS
4the SEM shape appearance figure of semiconductor material.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1
(1) by 0.2991 gram of venus crystals (Cu (CH
3cOO)
2h
2o), 0.2744 gram of zinc acetate (Zn (CH
3cOO)
22H
2o) and 0.2821 gram of two hydrated stannous chloride (SnCl
22H
2o) be dissolved in 40ml ethylene glycol, by 0.4282 gram of thiocarbamide (CS (NH
2)
2) be dissolved in 20ml ethylene glycol, after mixing, obtained solution adds in there-necked flask, and described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: the 1st 150 ℃ of stages, 10 minutes, 500 watts of maximum microwave powers; The 2nd 150 ℃ of stages, 60 minutes, 400 watts of maximum microwave powers; Ultrasonic power 20%, ultrasonic time 2 seconds, 10 seconds off times.
(3) the reactive system reaction arranging according to step (2), system naturally cooling after finishing reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 8 hours, made Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material.
Gained Cu
2znSnS
4through XRD analysis as shown in Figure 2, be wurtzite structure Cu
2znSnS
4; As shown in Figure 3, powder is mainly by irregular roundness granulometric composition for scanning electron microscope analysis, and the diameter of particle is approximately 1~3 μ m.
Embodiment 2
(1) by 0.2991 gram of venus crystals (Cu (CH
3cOO)
2h
2o), 0.2744 gram of zinc acetate (Zn (CH
3cOO)
22H
2o) and 0.2821 gram of two hydrated stannous chloride (SnCl
22H
2o) be dissolved in 40ml glycerol, by 1.6855 grams of diphenyl disenenide (C
12h
10se
2) be dissolved in 20ml glycerol, after mixing, obtained solution adds in there-necked flask, and described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: the 1st 210 ℃ of stages, 10 minutes, 500 watts of maximum microwave powers; The 2nd 210 ℃ of stages, 60 minutes, 400 watts of maximum microwave powers; Ultrasonic power 20%, ultrasonic time 2 seconds, 10 seconds off times.
(3) the reactive system reaction arranging according to step (2), system naturally cooling after finishing reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 8 hours, made Cu
2znSnSe
4semiconductor material.
Gained Cu
2znSnSe
4semiconductor material through XRD analysis as shown in Figure 4, is wurtzite Cu
2znSnSe
4; As shown in Figure 5, powder is mainly by the granulometric composition of irregular bar-shaped, bullet shaped for scanning electron microscope analysis, and the diameter of particle is 50~150nm, and length is 50~100nm.
Embodiment 3
(1) by 0.2991 gram of venus crystals (Cu (CH
3cOO)
2h
2o), 0.2744 gram of zinc acetate (Zn (CH
3cOO)
22H
2o) and 0.2821 gram of two hydrated stannous chloride (SnCl
22H
2o) be dissolved in 22ml glycerol and 18ml oleic acid mixed solvent, by 0.4282 gram of thiocarbamide (CS (NH
2)
2) be dissolved in 20ml glycerol, after mixing, obtained solution adds in there-necked flask, and described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: the 1st 200 ℃ of stages, 10 minutes, 500 watts of maximum microwave powers; The 2nd 200 ℃ of stages, 60 minutes, 400 watts of maximum microwave powers; Ultrasonic power 20%, ultrasonic time 2 seconds, 10 seconds off times.
(3) the reactive system reaction arranging according to step (2), system naturally cooling after finishing reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 8 hours, made Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material.
Gained Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material through XRD analysis as shown in Figure 6, is wurtzite Cu
2znSnS
4with cubic zinc blende structure C u
2znSnS
4; As shown in Figure 7, powder is mainly comprised of irregular ball particle scanning electron microscope analysis, and the diameter of particle is approximately 500nm left and right.
Embodiment 4
(1) by 0.2991 gram of venus crystals (Cu (CH
3cOO)
2h
2o), 0.2744 gram of zinc acetate (Zn (CH
3cOO)
22H
2o) and 0.2821 gram of two hydrated stannous chloride (SnCl
22H
2o) be dissolved in 34ml glycerol and 6ml diethanolamine mixed solvent, by 0.4282 gram of thiocarbamide (CS (NH
2)
2) be dissolved in 20ml glycerol, after mixing, obtained solution adds in there-necked flask, and described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: the 1st 200 ℃ of stages, 10 minutes, 500 watts of maximum microwave powers; The 2nd 200 ℃ of stages, 60 minutes, 400 watts of maximum microwave powers; Ultrasonic power 20%, ultrasonic time 2 seconds, 10 seconds off times.
(3) the reactive system reaction arranging according to step (2), system naturally cooling after finishing reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 8 hours, made Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material.
Gained Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material through XRD analysis as shown in Figure 8, is wurtzite Cu
2znSnS
4with cubic zinc blende structure C u
2znSnS
4; As shown in Figure 9, powder is mainly comprised of irregular ball particle scanning electron microscope analysis, and the diameter of particle is approximately 100nm left and right.
Embodiment 5
(1) by 0.2046 gram of copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl
22H
2o), 0.1636 gram of zinc chloride (ZnCl
2) and 0.4207 gram of crystallization tin tetrachloride (SnCl
45H
2o) be dissolved in 22ml glycerol and 18ml oleic acid mixed solvent, 0.4226 gram of thioacetamide is dissolved in to 20ml glycerol, after mixing, obtained solution adds in there-necked flask, described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: the 1st 200 ℃ of stages, 10 minutes, 500 watts of maximum microwave powers; The 2nd 200 ℃ of stages, 60 minutes, 400 watts of maximum microwave powers; Ultrasonic power 20%, ultrasonic time 2 seconds, 10 seconds off times.
(3) the reactive system reaction arranging according to step (2), system naturally cooling after finishing reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 8 hours, made Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material.
Embodiment 6
(1) by 0.1915 gram of copper sulfate (CuSO
4), 0.1939 gram of zinc sulfate (ZnSO
4) and 0.4207 gram of crystallization tin tetrachloride (SnCl
45H
2o) or other pink salt be dissolved in 22ml glycerol and 18ml oxalic acid mixed solvent, by 0.4282 gram of thiocarbamide (CS (NH
2)
2) be dissolved in 20ml glycerol, after mixing, obtained solution adds in there-necked flask, and described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: the 1st 200 ℃ of stages, 10 minutes, 500 watts of maximum microwave powers; The 2nd 200 ℃ of stages, 60 minutes, 400 watts of maximum microwave powers; Ultrasonic power 20%, ultrasonic time 2 seconds, 10 seconds off times.
(3) the reactive system reaction arranging according to step (2), system naturally cooling after finishing reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 8 hours, made Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material.
Embodiment 7
(1) by 0.2046 gram of copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl
22H
2o), 0.1636 gram of zinc chloride (ZnCl
2) and 0.4207 gram of crystallization tin tetrachloride (SnCl
45H
2o) be dissolved in 34ml glycerol and 6ml diethanolamine mixed solvent, 0.1803 gram of sulphur powder is dissolved in to 20ml glycerol, after mixing, obtained solution adds in there-necked flask, described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: the 1st 200 ℃ of stages, 10 minutes, 500 watts of maximum microwave powers; The 2nd 200 ℃ of stages, 60 minutes, 400 watts of maximum microwave powers; Ultrasonic power 20%, ultrasonic time 2 seconds, 10 seconds off times.
(3) the reactive system reaction arranging according to step (2), system naturally cooling after finishing reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 8 hours, made Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material.
Embodiment 8
(1) by 0.1915 gram of copper sulfate (CuSO
4), 0.1939 gram of zinc sulfate (ZnSO
4) and 0.2821 gram of two hydrated stannous chloride (SnCl
22H
2o) be dissolved in 34ml glycerol and 6ml diethanolamine mixed solvent, by 0.4282 gram of thiocarbamide (CS (NH
2)
2) be dissolved in 20ml glycerol, after mixing, obtained solution adds in there-necked flask, and described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre.
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: the 1st 200 ℃ of stages, 10 minutes, 500 watts of maximum microwave powers; The 2nd 200 ℃ of stages, 60 minutes, 400 watts of maximum microwave powers; Ultrasonic power 20%, ultrasonic time 2 seconds, 10 seconds off times.
(3) the reactive system reaction arranging according to step (2), system naturally cooling after finishing reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 8 hours, made Cu
2znSnS
4semiconductor material.
Claims (3)
1. Solvent at Atmospheric Pressure thermal synthesis wurtzite structure Cu under ultrasonic wave/microwave cooperating effect
2znSnS
4or Cu
2znSnSe
4the method of semiconductor material, is characterized in that concrete steps are:
(1) Cu:Zn:Sn:S=2:1:1:4 ~ 5 or Cu:Zn:Sn:Se=2:1:1:4 ~ 5 take mantoquita, zinc salt, pink salt and are dissolved in solvent and make solution A in molar ratio, taking sulphur source or selenium source is dissolved in or is dispersed in solvent and make solution B, above-mentioned A, B two solution add in there-necked flask after mixing, described there-necked flask is placed in ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system, and prolong is inserted respectively on the both sides of there-necked flask and ultrasound probe is inserted in thermometer, centre;
(2) ultrasonic wave/microwave composite reaction system parameters described in step (1) is as follows: microwave heating power setting is 50 ~ 1000 watts, ultrasonic power is set to 10 ~ 80%, temperature of reaction is set to 100 ~ 250 ℃, ultrasonic time is set to 1 ~ 10 second, and be set to 1 ~ 10 second ultrasonic off time;
(3) reactive system that unlatching step (2) arranges starts reaction, after temperature rises to set temperature, insulation reaction is 0.5 ~ 3 hour, finish to treat system naturally cooling after reaction, gained reaction solution is through deionized water and dehydrated alcohol centrifuge washing 3 ~ 4 times respectively, and products therefrom is put into vacuum-drying at 70 ~ 90 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and within 7 ~ 9 hours, made wurtzite structure Cu
2znSnS
4or Cu
2znSnSe
4semiconductor material;
Described mantoquita is a kind of in venus crystals, copper chloride dihydrate, copper sulfate, and described zinc salt is a kind of in zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, and described pink salt is a kind of in two hydrated stannous chlorides, crystallization tin tetrachloride;
Described sulphur source is a kind of in thiocarbamide, sulphur powder and thioacetamide;
Described selenium source is a kind of in diphenyl disenenide, selenous acid and selenium powder;
Described solvent is one or more in water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, diethanolamine, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid and oleic acid, when being multiple, the solvent that uses can be with arbitrary volume than mixing.
2. synthetic method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: by controlling the structure and composition of the synergy realization response thing of ultrasonic in solvent thermal building-up process and microwave, control, the uniform heat-field that utilizes microwave heating to obtain provides reaction required basal heat mechanical condition, and utilize ultrasonication to control forming core and growth, in the forming core stage, utilize quick, a large amount of forming core of the cavatition of ultrasonication in uniform liquid; Crystal growth phase, utilizes focusing effect quick, even, controlled grow up of ultrasonic wave on nucleus and reaction soln two-phase interface.
3. synthetic method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: by what control temperature of reaction, reaction times, microwave power, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time of origin and control reaction ultrasonic off time, carry out speed and degree.
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溶剂热法制备球状Cu2ZnSnS4纳米晶及其表征;蔡倩等;《物理化学学报(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao)》;20111231;第27卷(第12期);第2920-2926页 * |
蔡倩等.溶剂热法制备球状Cu2ZnSnS4纳米晶及其表征.《物理化学学报(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao)》.2011,第27卷(第12期),第2920-2926页. |
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