CN103005697A - Method for artificially fermenting tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Method for artificially fermenting tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN103005697A CN103005697A CN2013100187598A CN201310018759A CN103005697A CN 103005697 A CN103005697 A CN 103005697A CN 2013100187598 A CN2013100187598 A CN 2013100187598A CN 201310018759 A CN201310018759 A CN 201310018759A CN 103005697 A CN103005697 A CN 103005697A
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FRXSZNDVFUDTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical compound N1CCCC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 FRXSZNDVFUDTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 abstract 7
- 239000001965 potato dextrose agar Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920003266 Leaf® Polymers 0.000 description 69
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010017472 Fumbling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000736262 Microbiota Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to tobacco leaf fermentation, in particular to a method for artificially fermenting tobacco leaves. The method for artificially fermenting tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps: respectively cultivating tobacco leaves which have been fermented for one year, two years or three years into thalli with a nutrient bouillon culture medium so as to obtain the thalli; respectively cultivating tobacco leaves which have been fermented for one year, two years or three years into thalli with a PDB (Potato Dextrose Agar) culture medium so as to obtain the thalli; respectively merging the thalli of tobacco leaves which have been fermented for one year, two years or three years obtained with the nutrient bouillon culture medium according to the mass ratios of 1-3: 1-3: 1-6; respectively merging the thalli of tobacco leaves which have been fermented for one year, two years or three years obtained with the PDB culture medium according to the mass ratios of 1-3: 1-3: 1-6; and adding tobacco leaves which have not been fermented for alcoholization after merging the obtained thalli again. Through experimental research, the method can stimulate the process of natural fermentation, but the process is shortened and the quality is basically similar to each other.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco fermentation, particularly a kind of artificial tobacco fermentation method.
Background technology
After the tobacco leaf harvesting baking, for the assorted flavor of the green grass or young crops of removing tobacco leaf with improve the fragrant quality such as jealous, must refine tobacco leaf on request.Tobacco mellowing method is more, and artificial ageing, natural alcoholization etc. are arranged.Former cigarette after the modulation is packed and left in the place of characteristics and under natural climate condition, carry out the alcoholization in 1～3 year, along with the inherent composition of season and environmental evolution tobacco leaf changes, advantage in the quality is manifested, quality will improve gradually, and this process is called the natural alcoholization of tobacco leaf.Natural alcoholization is also referred to as " spontaneous fermentation ", " ageing ", is a kind of slowly fermentation process.
Tobacco fermentation mechanism: from domestic and international result of study, the researcher is quite inconsistent to tobacco fermentation mechanism conclusion, roughly can divide three kinds of viewpoints: microbial action principle, enzymatic principle and oxidation chemistry change principle.But which kind of acts on and plays key effect in the fermentation actually, and how concerns between three kinds of effects, and is still unclear at present, also there is no final conclusion.
Koller at first explores tobacco fermentation mechanism, points out that tobacco fermentation is similar to alcohol fermentation in some aspects.Suchsland at first is studied the microbiota in the cigar, proposes fermentation and is caused by microbial activities.Then, Reid finds also that in the cigar sweat micro organism quantity has increased by 10～100 times, and is proportionate with the activity change of some enzymes, thereby thinks that fermentation is caused by microorganism.The research of Jesen shows that also micro organism quantity increases in the Tobacco Fermentation Process, thereby thinks that microorganism plays an important role in tobacco fermentation.Johnson thinks that then the effect of microorganism has just increased the content of enzyme in the tobacco leaf, to the key effect of having fermented.
At present, the deficiency of natural alcoholization mainly contains: the one, and because tobacco leaf is rich in nutriment and long-term and external environment condition close contact, tobacco leaf is easy to infested; The 2nd, in spring, summer, autumn and winter Four seasons change process, because temperature, humidity change greatly, tobacco leaf is easy to produce and goes mouldy; The 3rd, because tobacco leaf contacts with excess air for a long time, tobacco leaf color is easy to browning, deepens, so the natural alcoholization time can not be long, and generally can not be above 3 years.Reason causes serious loss to tobacco leaf to natural alcoholization on the one hand owing to having snake, go mouldy etc., it is reported that loss after the tobacco mellowing reaches the direct economic loss that 0.8%, one medium-sized cigar mill causes in year and reaches more than 2,000 ten thousand yuan.Also have a strong impact on the other hand the interior external quality of tobacco leaf, affect the quality of tobacco leaf deep processed product.
Therefore be necessary to carry out the tobacco fermentation technology is reformed, operating position from present tobacco fermentation technology, most of tobacco fermentation technology also are in the laboratory stage of fumbling, not yet form a cover system and the tobacco fermentation technology of effective applicable industrialized production.Existing tobacco mellowing technology or harsh to the reaction condition requirement, or other side effects are arranged, limited its application on industrial production.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of artificial tobacco fermentation method, can the large production of applicable industry, shortened simultaneously fermentation time, save cost, and guaranteed quality of tobacco.
Technical scheme:
A kind of tobacco leaf artificial ageing method is characterized in that
A, will ferment 1 year, 2 years, the tobacco leaf in 3 years was cultivated thalline with nutrient broth medium respectively, obtained thalline;
B, will ferment 1 year, 2 years, the tobacco leaf in 3 years was used respectively PDB medium culture thalline, obtained thalline;
C, will cultivate with nutrient broth medium and obtain fermentation 1 year respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1-3:1-3:1-6 merged thalline;
D, will support obtain fermentation 1 year with PDB medium culture bacterium respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1-3:1-3:1-6 merged thalline;
E, with above-mentioned acquisition thalline again merge rear adding do not have the fermentation tobacco leaf on ferment.
Obtain fermentation 1 year as cultivating with nutrient broth medium among a kind of optimal way step C, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:3:6 merged.
As obtaining fermentation 1 year with PDB medium culture bacterium among a kind of optimal way step D, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:3:6 merged.
The described condition of culture of described steps A is 37 ℃, 1d.
The described condition of culture PDB of described step B culture medium, 28 ℃, the 3d shaking table is cultivated.
The described fermentation condition of described step e is: place room temperature fermentation on the culturing rack, 30d altogether ferments.
The principle of the invention:
1, microorganism accelerates the mechanism of tobacco leaf purifying: the microbial growth cycle is shorter, can produce multiple enzyme material and induce or stimulate plurality of enzymes system in the tobacco leaf in growth course, and then impel substrate in the tobacco leaf fully to degrade to change little molecule aroma substance into; And also can produce multiple little molecule flavor matter in microorganism self metabolic process, thereby promote the alcoholization of tobacco leaf.The ingenious employing different year of the present invention tobacco leaf extracts thalline, then in not fermenting tobacco leaf top fermentation, and the simulating nature sweat.The contained bacterial classification class of the tobacco leaf of different year is different, and it reacts mutually, and induce or stimulate enzyme system in the tobacco leaf, be effective from the experimental results.
Beneficial effect
1, the present invention adopts two kinds of culture mediums respectively culture of bacteria and fungi, and the thalline on the tobacco leaf of different year collected, topmost inventive point is, the employing optimized proportion merges, through the effects think its can simulating nature the process of fermentation, but process shortens, the quality basic simlarity.The result shows can be suitable with 2 years quality of tobacco of fermentation through tobacco leaf after the 30d processing.
2, the present invention is simple to operate, is fit to industrial production, can shorten fermentation time, reduces production costs.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Test material
Unfermentable tobacco leaf, the local tobacco leaf that fermented respectively 1,2,3 year (all originating from Yunnan), sterilized water, nutrient broth medium, PDB culture medium.
Method
1,1 year fermenting tobacco leaf is carried out smashing to pieces after the surface sterilization, pour respectively above nutrient broth medium into the sterilized water dilution, 37 ℃, 1d; The PDB culture medium, 28 ℃, the 3d shaking table is cultivated.2 years fermenting tobacco leafs and 3 years fermenting tobacco leafs are processed the same;
2, will cultivate acquisition fermentation 1 year with nutrient broth medium respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:1:1 merged thalline;
3, will support acquisition fermentation 1 year with PDB medium culture bacterium respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:1:1 merged thalline;
4, step (3) and (4) being obtained thalline again merges on the tobacco leaf that rear adding not have to ferment and ferments.
Concrete grammar is: the mixing of the thalline bacterial classification after just step (4) is cultivated: obtain bacterium mud after bacterium liquid is direct centrifugal; carry out obtaining pulverous microorganism formulation after the freeze drying as freeze drying protectant with skim milk, be sprayed onto on the not fermenting tobacco leaf after ultra violet lamp is sterilized.Place on the culturing rack room temperature fermentation, every selective examination in 2 days and record fermentation situation (variation of tobacco leaf color, smell and have or not go mouldy), 30d altogether ferments.
Embodiment 2
Test material
Unfermentable tobacco leaf, the local tobacco leaf (originating from Yunnan) that fermented respectively 1,2,3 year, sterilized water, nutrient broth medium, PDB culture medium.
Method
1,1 year fermenting tobacco leaf is carried out smashing to pieces after the surface sterilization, pour respectively above nutrient broth medium into the sterilized water dilution, 37 ℃, 1d; The PDB culture medium, 28 ℃, the 3d shaking table is cultivated.2 years fermenting tobacco leafs and 3 years fermenting tobacco leafs are processed the same;
2, will cultivate acquisition fermentation 1 year with nutrient broth medium respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:2:5 merged thalline;
3, will support acquisition fermentation 1 year with PDB medium culture bacterium respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:2:5 merged thalline;
4, just step (3) and (4) obtain thalline and again merge on the tobacco leaf that rear adding not have to ferment and ferment.
Concrete grammar is: the mixing of the thalline bacterial classification after just step (4) is cultivated: obtain bacterium mud after bacterium liquid is direct centrifugal; carry out obtaining pulverous microorganism formulation after the freeze drying as freeze drying protectant with skim milk, be sprayed onto on the not fermenting tobacco leaf after ultra violet lamp is sterilized.Place on the culturing rack room temperature fermentation, every selective examination in 2 days and record fermentation situation (variation of tobacco leaf color, smell and have or not go mouldy), 30d altogether ferments.
Embodiment 3
Test material
Unfermentable tobacco leaf, the local tobacco leaf (originating from Yunnan) that fermented respectively 1,2,3 year, sterilized water, nutrient broth medium, PDB culture medium.
Method
1,1 year fermenting tobacco leaf is carried out smashing to pieces after the surface sterilization, pour respectively above nutrient broth medium into the sterilized water dilution, 37 ℃, 1d; The PDB culture medium, 28 ℃, the 3d shaking table is cultivated.2 years fermenting tobacco leafs and 3 years fermenting tobacco leafs are processed the same;
2, will cultivate acquisition fermentation 1 year with nutrient broth medium respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:3:6 merged thalline;
3, will support acquisition fermentation 1 year with PDB medium culture bacterium respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:3:6 merged thalline;
4, just step (3) and (4) obtain thalline and again merge on the tobacco leaf that rear adding not have to ferment and ferment.
Concrete grammar is: the mixing of the thalline bacterial classification after just step (4) is cultivated: obtain bacterium mud after bacterium liquid is direct centrifugal; carry out obtaining pulverous microorganism formulation after the freeze drying as freeze drying protectant with skim milk, be sprayed onto on the not fermenting tobacco leaf after ultra violet lamp is sterilized.Place on the culturing rack room temperature fermentation, every selective examination in 2 days and record fermentation situation (variation of tobacco leaf color, smell and have or not go mouldy), 30d altogether ferments.
Embodiment 4
As original sample, the tobacco leaf that fermented 2 years is control sample with unfermentable tobacco leaf, adds embodiment 1-3 acquisition microorganism formulation and carries out the tobacco leaf of artificial ageing after 30 days carries out chemical composition detection and smoking result for adding sample contrast.
The chemical composition testing result
| Sample | Total reducing sugar | Reduced sugar | Nicotine | Total nitrogen | Protein | Disaccharide is poor | Sugar alkali ratio | Sugar nitrogen ratio |
| Original sample | 19.83 | 18.66 | 3.48 | 1.77 | 5.57 | 1.17 | 5.69 | 11.20 |
| Control sample | 20.02 | 19.33 | 3.01 | 1.85 | 5.85 | 0.69 | 6.65 | 10.82 |
| Embodiment 1 | 21.17 | 21.22 | 2.85 | 2.36 | 6.70 | 1.98 | 8.21 | 9.92 |
| Embodiment 2 | 21.10 | 21.22 | 2.89 | 2.45 | 6.89 | 1.91 | 8.31 | 9.78 |
| Embodiment 3 | 22.13 | 20.26 | 2.74 | 2.24 | 6.69 | 1.87 | 8.07 | 9.87 |
The chemical composition testing result shows, the tobacco leaf after the microorganism formulation alcoholization, and its chemical composition ratio generation marked change, total sugar content, total nitrogen content are compared original sample and control sample all is significantly increased, and nicotine content is compared original sample and control sample obviously descends.
Smoking result
| Sample | Fragrance matter | Perfume quantity | Pleasant impression | Assorted gas | Excitant | Flammability | Grey |
| Original sample | 7.03 | 7.25 | 6.62 | 7.08 | 5.53 | 7.22 | 8.46 |
| Control sample | 8.75 | 8.03 | 7.68 | 8.65 | 8.83 | 7.63 | 8.58 |
| Embodiment 1 | 8.82 | 8.07 | 7.69 | 8.78 | 8.80 | 7.67 | 8.60 |
| Embodiment 2 | 8.89 | 8.15 | 7.72 | 8.68 | 8.91 | 7.87 | 8.56 |
| Embodiment 3 | 8.85 | 8.11 | 7.65 | 8.54 | 8.78 | 7.77 | 8.68 |
Smoking result shows, the tobacco leaf after the microorganism formulation alcoholization, and its fragrance matter, perfume quantity, pleasant impression, assorted gas and excitant are compared with original sample and control sample marked change have been occured.Tobacco leaf after microorganism formulation alcoholization, fragrance matter improves, perfume quantity increases, assorted gas reduces, excitant reduces, pleasant impression is more comfortable, quality of tobacco be improved significantly.
Claims (6)
1. a tobacco leaf artificial ageing method is characterized in that
A, will ferment 1 year, 2 years, the tobacco leaf in 3 years was cultivated thalline with nutrient broth medium respectively, obtained thalline;
B, will ferment 1 year, 2 years, the tobacco leaf in 3 years was used respectively PDB medium culture thalline, obtained thalline;
C, will cultivate with nutrient broth medium and obtain fermentation 1 year respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1-3:1-3:1-6 merged thalline;
D, will support obtain fermentation 1 year with PDB medium culture bacterium respectively, 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1-3:1-3:1-6 merged thalline;
E, step C and D are obtained thalline again merge on the tobacco leaf that rear adding not have to ferment and ferment.
2. a kind of tobacco leaf artificial ageing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that will cultivating with nutrient broth medium among the described step C and obtains fermentation 1 year, and 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:3:6 merged thalline.
3. a kind of tobacco leaf artificial ageing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that will obtaining fermentation 1 year with PDB medium culture bacterium among the step D, and 2 years, the tobacco leaf thalline in 3 years in mass ratio 1:3:6 merged thalline.
4. a kind of tobacco leaf artificial ageing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described condition of culture of described steps A is 37 ℃, 1d.
5. a kind of tobacco leaf artificial ageing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that 28 ℃ of the described condition of culture of described step B, 3d.
6. a kind of tobacco leaf artificial ageing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described fermentation condition of described step e is: place room temperature fermentation on the culturing rack, 30d altogether ferments.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100187598A CN103005697A (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2013-01-18 | Method for artificially fermenting tobacco leaves |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100187598A CN103005697A (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2013-01-18 | Method for artificially fermenting tobacco leaves |
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| CN103005697A true CN103005697A (en) | 2013-04-03 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113397205A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-17 | 谢同昌 | Preparation method of cigarette containing shaddock active ingredients |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1142925A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-02-19 | 常德卷烟厂 | Method for improving cigarette quality by using microorganic fermentation |
| CN101497844A (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-05 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for preparing cigarette flavor by microbial fermentation of coffee |
| US7665472B2 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2010-02-23 | Alliance One International, Inc. | Tobacco cultivar AOB 175 and products therefrom |
| CN101731745A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-06-16 | 安徽中烟工业公司 | Method for fermenting Humao tobacco |
-
2013
- 2013-01-18 CN CN2013100187598A patent/CN103005697A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1142925A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-02-19 | 常德卷烟厂 | Method for improving cigarette quality by using microorganic fermentation |
| US7665472B2 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2010-02-23 | Alliance One International, Inc. | Tobacco cultivar AOB 175 and products therefrom |
| CN101497844A (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-05 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for preparing cigarette flavor by microbial fermentation of coffee |
| CN101731745A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-06-16 | 安徽中烟工业公司 | Method for fermenting Humao tobacco |
| CN101731745B (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2012-04-25 | 安徽中烟工业公司 | Method for fermenting Humao tobacco |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113397205A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-17 | 谢同昌 | Preparation method of cigarette containing shaddock active ingredients |
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Application publication date: 20130403 |