CN103002449B - A kind of method that cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain and frequency spectrum are competed - Google Patents
A kind of method that cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain and frequency spectrum are competed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the cognitive radio transmission mode that a kind of cooperation detection based on frequency domain and frequency spectrum are competed, take a large amount of frequency spectrum resource in order to solve in cognitive radio networks because control information transmission, thus reduce the communication means of availability of frequency spectrum problem.The present invention is based on OFDM modulation technology, start with from WLAN (wireless local area network) physical layer, utilize the multi-carrier nature that OFDM modulation technology has on frequency domain, cooperation detection and frequency spectrum are competed on two independences and mutual incoherent control procedure Die Jia Frequency territory, thus these two processes can interior walking abreast be carried out at one time, thus considerably reduce the time shared by control information transmission and bandwidth.The parallel control of this frequency domain greatly reduces the time in conventional Time-domain Serial Control needed for handshaking transmission, thus adds the time of data-signal transmission, improves the availability of frequency spectrum, increases network throughput.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cooperation detection based on frequency domain and frequency spectrum competitive mode, take a large amount of frequency spectrum resource in order to solve in cognitive radio networks because of control information transmission, thus reduce the communication means of availability of frequency spectrum problem.The cooperation detection that conventional serial can be carried out by the method and frequency spectrum compete parallel being assigned in frequency domain, thus greatly reduce the time that these two control procedures take frequency spectrum, improve the availability of frequency spectrum, increase aggregate network throughput.
Background technology
Along with the development of wireless communication technology, the quantity of wireless user sharply increases, and radio spectrum resources becomes more and more nervous, and the utilance how fully improving wireless frequency spectrum becomes technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.Especially along with the development of WLAN (wireless local area network) (WLAN) technology, wireless personal area network (WPAN) technology, increasing people is by these technology accessing Internet wirelessly.These network technologies use unauthorized frequency range (UFB) work mostly.Due to the fast development of WLAN, WRAN radio communication service, the unauthorized frequency range that these networks work is gradually saturated.On the other hand, the protection that some communication services (as visual broadcast service etc.) need communication network to provide certain, makes them from the interference of other communication services.In order to provide good protection, the specific mandate frequency range (LFB) of frequency management department specific assigned uses for specific communication service.Compared with mandate frequency range, the frequency spectrum resource of unauthorized frequency range will lack a lot, authorizes frequency range to use because most frequency spectrum resource is all used to do.But the utilance of a considerable amount of mandate frequency spectrum resource is but very low, such as Digital Television frequency range.Therefore, present frequency spectrum utilization rate is tending towards polarization.The frequency spectrum resource of some part is relatively less but traffic carrying capacity that is carrying on it is very large, and the frequency spectrum resource utilization rate that other has been authorized is very low.Based on current frequency spectrum resource allocation method, we have the utilance of quite a few frequency spectrum resource to be very low.
Based on the problem that the availability of frequency spectrum is now low, cognitive radio (Cognitive Radio, CR) technology proposes a kind of new resolving ideas.The concept of cognitive radio originates from the founder work of Joseph doctor Mitola in 1999.Its core concept makes Wireless Telecom Equipment have discovery " frequency spectrum cavity-pocket " and the ability in " cavity " that finds of Appropriate application exactly." frequency spectrum cavity-pocket " refers to the frequency spectrum resource that can be utilized occurred in spatial domain, time domain and frequency domain.Certainly, this must be based upon and authorize frequency range useless or only have little communication service when activity.The core concept of cognitive radio makes Wireless Telecom Equipment have discovery " frequency spectrum cavity-pocket " and the ability of Appropriate application exactly.This learning ability can make cognitive radio users and surrounding environment interactive information, the usable spectrum in this space with perception and utilization, and the generation of restriction and reduction conflict.Although cognitive radio technology can manage limited frequency spectrum resource in mode more flexibly, really will be applied to practical communication system also needs solution to comprise the key technical problems such as frequency spectrum detection, adaptive spectrum Resourse Distribute and wireless frequency spectrum management.Specifically, when unauthorized communication user uses the frequency spectrum resource of having authorized by the mode of " using ", must ensure that his communication can not have influence on the communication of other authorized users.Accomplish this point, unauthorized user must use found " frequency spectrum cavity-pocket " according to certain rule
The method that frequency spectrum detection the most extensively adopts is energy measuring, because energy detection technique is simple and practical.But in wireless channel, wireless signal can be subject to the impact of multipath fading, shade and local incorrect noise, causes the sharply decline of frequency spectrum detection performance.For this problem, the people such as D.Cabric propose cooperation spectrum detection algorithm.Along with the increase of the cognitive user trees of participation cooperation detection, frequency spectrum detection performance strengthens gradually.This method make use of the feature of wireless transmission Spatial diversity well to improve the performance of frequency spectrum detection.But cooperation detection is more complicated than the process of single detection a lot.Too much cognitive user participates in cooperation detection can make the detecting period of whole cognitive radio networks long, thus reduces the sensitivity of perception, and greatly occupies the use of frequency spectrum, causes huge overhead.Meanwhile, adaptive spectrum Resourse Distribute is also the difficult problem that cognitive radio networks one needs solution badly, especially among distributed wireless networks.After acquisition testing result, cognitive user needs the use being determined frequency spectrum by coordinating communication each other.Such coordinating communication needs to consume very large frequency spectrum resource, is also a part for system resource overhead.Therefore, the expense how reducing collaborative perception and spectrum allocation may is a key issue of cognitive radio networks.
Application number is 200910183817, and the applying date is the asynchronous cooperation frequency spectrum sensing method that the domestic application for a patent for invention of on 07 31st, 2009 discloses in a kind of cognitive radio.The method specifies the reliability that each cognitive nodes is adjudicated according to this locality, local court verdict is sent to Centroid in the mode of asynchronous transmission, thus while guarantee detection perform, decrease detection time to a certain extent, reduce the interference time to authorized user, and the access availability of raising spectrum interposition to a certain extent.But the method does not consider the process that frequency spectrum is competed, and do not utilize the frequency domain feature of wireless channel to transmit, therefore more high efficiencyly can not utilize frequency spectrum.The frequency domain that is assigned to that collaborative perception and frequency spectrum are competed two independently concurrent process by this method carries out, thus greatly reduces transmission time and the occupied bandwidth of control signal, effectively improves the availability of frequency spectrum.
Application number is 201210038957, and the applying date is that the domestic application for a patent for invention on February 13rd, 2012 discloses a kind of adaptive cooperation frequency spectrum sensing method based on best relay.The method utilizes time user SU and cognitive relaying SR to carry out initial examination and measurement to primary user PU.Last fusion center FC performs final decision according to instruction tag, completes collaborative spectrum sensing.The method, because adding cognitive relaying, effectively can reduce the erroneous transmissions probability on reporting channel, improves perceptual performance, saving signaling expense.But the method does not consider frequency spectrum competition process yet, thus signaling consumption, i.e. the transmission of control signal, still can not effectively reduce, because more time and frequency spectrum can not be utilized to carry out transfer of data.The present invention utilizes the frequency domain characteristic of OFDM modulation mode, cooperation detection and frequency spectrum is competed the execution of two concurrent process, thus greatly reduces signaling consumption, improve the availability of frequency spectrum.
Application number is 201210069827, and the applying date is that the domestic application for a patent for invention on March 16th, 2012 discloses frequency spectrum switching method in a kind of cognitive radio system and equipment.The method is proposed to specify time operable frequency spectrum resource of user by base station.In frequency spectrum handoff procedure, secondary user, after searching usable spectrum, utilizes special control channel to carry out non-competing random access procedure, can reduce the failed probability of competition and delay, thus reduce frequency spectrum handoff failure probability, improve the Consumer's Experience of CR system.But the method does not consider distributed cognition radio network, therefore and be not suitable for and lack in the distributed network of base station.The method does not consider cooperation detection process yet, therefore can not effectively reduce the overhead of control signal.This method reduces the resource consumption that cooperation detection and frequency spectrum are competed simultaneously, thus greatly improves the availability of frequency spectrum.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, in distributed cognition radio network, on the basis ensureing frequency spectrum detection and adaptive spectrum allocation performance, reduce the control information of its required transmission as much as possible, thus minimizing signaling consumption, for data information transfer strives for the more time, to improve the availability of frequency spectrum, increase network throughput.
In distributed cognition radio network, because there is not aggregators or Centroid is used for gathering and notifies the result that cooperation spectrum detects, and distribute existing frequency spectrum and carry out transfer of data, above process need time user's complete independently.This, with regard to carrying out mass communication between needs time user, exchanges its frequency spectrum detecting result.The secondary user participating in detecting is more, and the control information amount of required exchange is larger.Therefore, although cooperation detection can improve the accuracy of detection, also there is compromise to a certain extent.If exchange testing result to need to spend the plenty of time, the testing result so finally obtained is ageing will be reduced greatly, thus reduce the availability of frequency spectrum.On the other hand, after secondary user obtains testing result, multiple data channel, the competition of polylith frequency spectrum also needs to consume ample resources and carries out in distributed network.The secondary number of users participated in the competition is more, and potential conflict is also more, and thus need the time of consulting to increase, the availability of frequency spectrum also can reduce thereupon greatly thereupon.
The present invention is intended to design a kind of method can working in coordination with frequency domain detection and frequency spectrum competition in frequency domain executed in parallel, make time user can in distributed network environment, exchange minimum control information as far as possible and carried out the exchange of frequency spectrum detecting result, and the transmission competition of usable spectrum.When cooperation spectrum detect and frequency spectrum competition is parallel be assigned in frequency domain time, these two processes can perform simultaneously, and only consume regular time, thus greatly reduce signaling consumption, increase the availability of frequency spectrum.
The module that the present invention comprises is: classification carrier structure, full duplex infinitesimal reporting channel, based on the transmission competition of receiving terminal and based on the spectrum allocation may algorithm of sequence matches.
In order to reduce the time shared by control signal transmission as far as possible, key issue the cooperation detection of serial execution in legacy protocol and frequency spectrum competition process is walked abreast to be assigned in frequency domain.Can ensure like this within the set time, complete this two processes simultaneously, and as traditional approach, can not increase along with participating in this number of users detected with competition, the required control information transmission time increases thereupon.Further, original control signal, comprises the testing result of needs report, and frequency domain compete the signal adopted and is all not easy to directly use in parallel transmission and goes, because original control signal needs the information transmitted too huge.Therefore, these control informations need into special design, the compression and simplifying, to be more suitable for parallel transmission when not loss of information amount.
In order to reach the object of executed in parallel cooperation detection and frequency spectrum competition, the present invention utilizes orthogonal frequency carrier multiplexing (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex, OFDM) modulation-demodulation technique on frequency domain, have multi-carrier modulation characteristic.Multi-carrier modulation technology is a kind of parallel system, and the data sequence of two-forty is partitioned into some roads low rate data streams by it after serial/parallel conversion, and each road low speed data adopts an independently carrier modulation, and being superimposed to form sends signal.By this multi-carrier nature, control channel is divided into infinitesimal reporting channel and infinitesimal competitive channel at frequency domain by the present invention.Multiple data of cooperation detection and frequency spectrum Competitive Needs can be modulated to above the subcarrier of different channels respectively, and then parallel transmission is to going in the middle of air.
For cooperation detection, traditional report the test mode is in the testing result of control channel transmission for each data channel by the secondary user of each detection.Afterwards, each user obtains the most total frequency spectrum service condition according to certain fusion rule.Mode different from the past, the present invention devises a kind of infinitesimal reporting channel, and the information by testing result boil down to 1 bit is used for reporting.Specifically, the different pieces of information channel of detection is represented by the different sub carrier of control channel.Accordingly, when the signal transmitted above certain subcarrier is " 1 ", it is busy for representing channel corresponding to this subcarrier, can not use." 0 " represents channel corresponding to subcarrier is idle, can use.In this way, the control information amount of reporting required for result can be reduced to minimum.
Because different secondary users has different testing results, each time user should distribute an infinitesimal reporting channel, reports oneself testing result for each data channel.In distributed network, this distribution also needs oneself to be completed by secondary user.This assignment problem is illustrated as the Vertex Coloring problem of a non-directed graph by the present invention.In figure, each point represents each user, and each limit represents the distribution conflict relation of infinitesimal reporting channel.Then utilize synchronous distributed algorithm to dye to each point, the Staining Protocol finally obtained is exactly the allocation result of Microsoft's reporting channel.
Traditional wireless transceiver is semiduplex, and therefore, secondary user, when sending oneself report the result, cannot receive each signal of other user.In order to address this problem, the present invention adopts the wireless transceiver of full duplex, to ensure that time user is when sending the control signal of oneself, can listen to the control signal of other user's transmission at any time.Like this, transmission and receiving course just can walk abreast and carry out, and ensure that the concurrency of system.
For multichannel competition, each time user also needs an infinitesimal competitive channel to carry out transmission application.The method of salary distribution of infinitesimal competitive channel has the method for salary distribution the same with infinitesimal reporting channel.Set up the initial stage in system, each user utilizes the mode of non-directed graph Vertex Coloring, distributes oneself infinitesimal reporting channel and infinitesimal competitive channel.The MAC Address hash function of oneself receiving terminal time user is mapped to the information of a n-bit by each transmitting terminal time user, then utilizes the infinitesimal competitive channel of oneself to send, represents will carry out transfer of data with this user with this.At next time slot, secondary user of uppick transmission request is at war with by the infinitesimal competitive channel transmission random number at oneself, reaches with this object that secondary shakes hands and compete.
Finally, the present invention adopts a kind of spectrum allocation may algorithm based on sequence matches to distribute multi channel transmission.Available channel sorts according to its center frequency point by secondary user from small to large, and the random number of multiple users selected by competition sorts from small to large simultaneously.According to the result of sequence, the channel that secondary user is matching transmits.This allocation algorithm can save the competition time, reduces many wheels and competes the expense brought, effectively improve the availability of frequency spectrum.
The present invention is based on the multi-carrier nature of OFDM frequency domain, by cooperation detection and frequency spectrum competitive mode parallel transmission, take a large amount of frequency spectrum resource in order to solve in cognitive radio networks because of control information transmission, thus reduce the problem of the availability of frequency spectrum, the beneficial effect that can reach is as follows:
When not affecting cooperation detection performance, when greatly can reduce test results report in distributed network and merge, needing the frequency spectrum resource consumed, improve the sensitivity of testing result and ageing, improve the availability of frequency spectrum.；
When greatly can reduce self-adjusted block in distributed network, secondary user competes the frequency spectrum resource consumed, and effectively carries out channel allocation and competition at frequency domain, reduces the time that competition conflicts and multichannel poll consumes;
Effectively by cooperation detection and spectrum allocation may parallel distributed in frequency domain, reduce the frequency spectrum resource of required consumption when serial performs, save the transmission time of control signal, increase channel utilization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is distributed cognition radio network frequency spectrum detection schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that tradition is competed with desirable distributed wireless networks cooperative detection and frequency spectrum and contrasted.
Fig. 3 is hierarchy schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is multichannel competition schematic diagram.
Wherein solid black lines shown in Fig. 3 is multichannel competition frequency range, and black dotted lines is cooperation detection frequency range.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, when distributed cognition radio adopts cooperation spectrum to detect, each time user first will carry out independently frequency spectrum perception.The channel of recycling report afterwards carries out result exchange and fusion.Reporting channel is generally pre-specified particular channel, and for all times, user uses.After result merges, secondary user carries out frequency spectrum according to the transmission demand of oneself again, and available data channel transmits.
As shown in Figure 2, by cooperation detection and frequency spectrum competition, serial in time domain performs traditional distributed cognition radio network.First secondary user carries out independently frequency spectrum detection, and after acquisition testing result, secondary user utilizes pre-assigned time gas exchange testing result, and carries out arrangement fusion at other time slots.After many wheels exchange, secondary user is at war with to available frequency spectrum according to the transmission demand of oneself.If conflict appears in competition, secondary user needs to keep out of the way a period of time, then continues competition.If compete successfully, secondary user can be transmitted at corresponding channel.As can be seen here, before data is transmitted, the exchange of control information occupies a large amount of overheads.And utilize the multi-carrier nature of OFDM modulation, the report the test of collaborative perception and frequency spectrum are competed to walk abreast and are assigned in the frequency domain of control channel by the present invention, carry out exchange competition with regular time, therefore greatly reduce the transmission time of control signal, improve the availability of frequency spectrum.
As shown in Figure 3, all control informations all complete within the multi-functional period, and this period comprises two time slots.Control channel is divided into two parts at frequency domain, multichannel competition frequency range BM and cooperation detection frequency range BC.Each frequency range comprises corresponding infinitesimal channel respectively, such as infinitesimal competitive channel and infinitesimal reporting channel.In cooperation detection frequency range, each data channel is assigned with the carrier wave of equal number, i.e. infinitesimal reporting channel.Each infinitesimal reporting channel can carry out test results report for all secondary users, specifically, a carrier wave can be had to distribute to one user, send its testing result specially for this user in each infinitesimal reporting channel.If certain user sends one " 1 " in the corresponding carriers of its infinitesimal reporting channel, then represent that this user detects that this channel is busy, if send one " 0 ", then represent that its testing result be this channel is idle.When multi-functional time slot, each user, when sending the testing result of oneself, utilizes full-duplex transceiver to receive the testing result of other user simultaneously, finally all results is merged, obtain available frequency spectrum resource.
For multichannel competition frequency range, the MAC Address of its receiving terminal is first hashed into a value by each transmitting terminal time user, and as shown in Figure 4, the cryptographic Hash of secondary user BM1, BM2, BM3 and BM4 is respectively 3,1,2 and 4.Secondary user BM2 and BM4 has data to send, and its receiving terminal is respectively BM1 and BM3.Therefore, when multi-functional period slots 1, BM2 and BM4 sends 3 and 2 at its infinitesimal competitive channel respectively, represents that BM1 and BM3 is its receiving terminal.At next time slot, BM1 and BM3 random choose numerical value competes number as it, is respectively 12 and 7, and sends 12 and 7 on its infinitesimal competitive channel.This completes secondary shake hands and compete.Finally, secondary user utilizes the channel allocation algorithm based on order, by available data channel and the sequence of competition number, can show that time user BM4 and BM3 transmits at data channel 1, and secondary user BM2 and BM1 transmits at data channel 2.By the mode that this frequency domain superposes, collaborative perception and frequency spectrum competition only take regular time and transmit, i.e. two slot times.Therefore greatly reduce the overhead of control signal, improve frequency domain utilance.
Claims (9)
1. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain and the frequency spectrum method of competing, it is characterized in that: based on wireless network node full-duplex mode, by classification carrier structure, full duplex infinitesimal reporting channel, based on the transmission competition of receiving terminal and spectrum allocation may algorithm four modules based on sequence matches, first Orthodoxy Frequency Division Multiplex (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is utilized, OFDM) multi-carrier modulation characteristic, at frequency domain, control channel is divided into infinitesimal reporting channel and infinitesimal competitive channel, multiple data of cooperation detection and frequency spectrum Competitive Needs are modulated to above the subcarrier of different channels respectively, parallel carrying out is gone up in the cooperation detection undertaken conventional serial and frequency spectrum competitory assignment to frequency domain, each time user should distribute an infinitesimal reporting channel, and report oneself testing result for each data channel, testing result is compressed by infinitesimal reporting channel, each time user also needs an infinitesimal competitive channel to carry out transmission application, and each user utilizes the mode of non-directed graph Vertex Coloring, distributes oneself infinitesimal reporting channel and infinitesimal competitive channel, and adopt the spectrum allocation may algorithm based on sequence matches, frequency spectrum is sorted from small to large according to its center frequency point, the random number of multiple users selected by competition sorts from small to large simultaneously, according to the result of sequence, the channel that secondary user is matching transmits, thus has greatly fallen the time that these two control procedures take frequency spectrum, improves the availability of frequency spectrum, increase aggregate network throughput, solve the problem taking a large amount of frequency spectrum resource in cognitive radio networks because of control information transmission.
2. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain according to claim 1 and the frequency spectrum method of competing, is characterized in that: based on Orthodoxy Frequency Division Multiplex (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, OFDM) platform.
3. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain according to claim 1 and the frequency spectrum method of competing, it is characterized in that: utilize wireless network full-duplex mode, making user when sending testing result and frequency spectrum competition, obtaining the control information of other users simultaneously.
4. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain according to claim 1 and the frequency spectrum method of competing, it is characterized in that: the characteristic utilizing OFDM multicarrier, by the carrier wave classification of control channel, the data sequence of two-forty is partitioned into some roads low rate data streams after serial/parallel conversion, each road low speed data adopts an independently carrier modulation, be superimposed to form and send signal, thus parallel execution cooperation detection and frequency spectrum competition.
5. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain according to claim 4 and the frequency spectrum method of competing, it is characterized in that: by the different sub carrier of control channel to represent the different pieces of information channel of detection, accordingly, when the signal transmitted above certain subcarrier is " 1 ", it is busy for representing channel corresponding to this subcarrier, can not use; " 0 " represents channel corresponding to subcarrier is idle, can use, and the control information amount of reporting required for result in this way, is reduced to minimum by infinitesimal reporting channel.
6. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain according to claim 5 and the frequency spectrum method of competing, it is characterized in that: cooperation detection utilizes the infinitesimal reporting channel of full duplex to carry out result fusion, effectively time of fusion is controlled within two time slots, avoid the plenty of time consumption that traditional result merges.
7. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain according to claim 1 and the frequency spectrum method of competing, it is characterized in that: transmitting terminal utilizes hash function to represent receiving terminal in the frequency spectrum competition period, namely the MAC address hash function of oneself receiving terminal time user is mapped to the information of a n bit by each transmitting terminal time user, then the infinitesimal competitive channel of oneself is utilized to send, represent will carry out transfer of data with this user with this, thus decrease competition signaling need resource consumption, effectively by frequency spectrum contention control within two time slots.
8. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain according to claim 1 and the frequency spectrum method of competing, it is characterized in that: the secondary user of uppick transmission request is at war with by sending random number at the infinitesimal competitive channel of oneself, in the frequency spectrum competition period, produce random number by receiving terminal and carry out frequency spectrum competition, both complete secondary to shake hands, effectively carry out frequency spectrum competition again.
9. the cognitive radio collaborative perception based on frequency domain according to claim 1 and the frequency spectrum method of competing, it is characterized in that: competition results utilizes the spectrum allocation may algorithm based on sequence matches to distribute, the random number of multiple users selected by competition sorts from small to large simultaneously, user sorts to usable spectrum according to measurement result, and according to competition results determination order of transmission, eliminate the overhead that many wheels are consulted to need to consume thus, greatly improve the availability of frequency spectrum, add overall network throughput.
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| CN105634624B (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2017-12-15 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A kind of frequency domain cooperative frequency spectrum sensing method towards cognition wireless network |
| CN105120463B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-08-07 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of multifactor decision making method based on user demand in cognitive radio networks |
| CN109076512B (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2021-02-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Control information sending and receiving method and equipment |
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