CN103002440A - Wireless communication security transmission method utilizing random combination rotation of transmitting antenna array - Google Patents
Wireless communication security transmission method utilizing random combination rotation of transmitting antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN103002440A CN103002440A CN2012105213749A CN201210521374A CN103002440A CN 103002440 A CN103002440 A CN 103002440A CN 2012105213749 A CN2012105213749 A CN 2012105213749A CN 201210521374 A CN201210521374 A CN 201210521374A CN 103002440 A CN103002440 A CN 103002440A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless communication security transmission method utilizing random combination rotation of a transmitting antenna array. The wireless communication security transmission method comprises the steps that a single antenna expectation user firstly transmits unencrypted request information to a multi-antenna base station; the base station receives the request information and estimates a channel between the base station and the expectation user by means of pilot frequency sequence; a bit to be transmitted is modulated to a constellation dot notation b (n), a quickly-changing weighting coefficient is designed to enable transmission signals of the base station to achieve associated superposition at the expectation user side, weighting is performed on the b (n) to be transmitted, and finally the weighted notation is transmitted through the transmitting antenna array according to the specified equivalent power; the expectation user can perform decoding by means of a maximum likelihood method after receiving the weighted notation; a hacking user cannot perform decoding by means of the maximum likelihood method even though the hacking user knows the channel information; and finally, the security transmission is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wireless communication system physical layer safe transmission method, particularly a kind of safe transmission method that uses the rotation of transmitting antenna array random combine.
Background technology
The appearance of wireless communication technology and development have solved the restriction that traditional access in radio need to be take cable as medium, greatly facilitate the human lives, have promoted social development.Day by day universal along with wireless communication technology, the secure wireless communication problem that relates to commercial and military secrecy becomes more and more important.
Different from wire communication, in the radio communication electromagnetic signal can be in the space Free propagation, do not carry the baby.On the one hand, the broadcast nature of electromagnetic signal propagation is so that be in arbitrarily receiver in the coverage and can receive the signal that transmitter launches and need not to set up cable; On the other hand, desired user other users in addition that are in the coverage also can obtaining communication information.Therefore, the opening of wireless channel is a double-edged sword.With regard to the angle of safe and secret communication, wireless communication system has larger potential safety hazard than traditional wired communication system, how to prevent the wireless leakage of information, ensures that the fail safe of radio communication is also just more important.
At in May, 2007 JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS, VOL.2, it is redundant to propose a kind of aerial array that utilizes in the article that is entitled as " Using Antenna Array Redundancy and Channel Diversity for SecureWireless Transmissions " of delivering on the NO.3, the wireless security transmission method that carries out random weighting to transmitting.The design criterion of weight coefficient W is H
HW=||H||, wherein H is that transmitting terminal arrives the channel that expectation receives the user.Under this criterion, select to obey at random the W of a certain distribution, so that can directly use to received signal the maximum-likelihood decoding obtaining information at the desired user end.Because transmitting terminal is different from the desired user channel to eavesdropping user's channel, the W of change at random can be to eavesdropping at random scramble of signal constellation (in digital modulation) figure that the user receives, so that it can't be from disorder reception planisphere obtaining information, thereby guaranteed safe transmission.Yet, the subject matter of this random weighting method is that power utilization is too low, this is because the randomization of array weight coefficient causes transmit signal power in the excessive dispersion in space, and the signal power that finally causes arriving desired user is inadequate, has reduced the communication quality of desired user.
Summary of the invention
The design that the present invention is directed to above-mentioned random weighting coefficient causes the excessively low problem of power utilization, a kind of radio communication safe transmission method of physical layer that uses the rotation of transmitting antenna array random combine is proposed, the method can so that the signal that send the base station in desired user place standard with superimposed and obtain higher transmitting gain, power utilization is very high; For eavesdropping user, then demodulating information effectively.
For reaching above purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to be achieved:
A kind of secure wireless communication transmission method that uses the rotation of transmitting antenna array random combine, the model of communication system that adopts comprises: the base station of the many antennas of a cover, single antenna mobile terminal and antenna mobile terminal more than, wherein, the single antenna mobile terminal is as desired user, many antennas mobile terminal is as the eavesdropping user
Consist of between base station and the desired user and communicate by letter rightly, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A) desired user at first sends the unencrypted solicited message to the base station, and this solicited message comprises the pilot frequency sequence for channel estimating simultaneously, and pilot frequency sequence is all known symbols of receiving-transmitting sides;
B) base station receives solicited message, utilize pilot frequency sequence estimate communication between channel h
AB(supposing that channel estimating does not have error), channel estimating adopt existing channel estimation methods with pilot tone, consider that time division duplex and channel become slowly, and the channel of base station to the channel of desired user direction and desired user to the base station direction is identical, is h
AB
C) base station is then:
The bit that (1) will send utilizes known a kind of phase modulation method to be modulated to constellation point symbol b (n), n=1,2,3 ...
(2) emission b (n) is front, and need to be two groups with all J root antenna random division: first group has J
1The root antenna, the label combination of antenna is designated as
Second group has J
2The root antenna, the label combination of antenna is designated as
And S is arranged
1∪ S
2=1,2 ..., J} and J
1+ J
2=J.Weight coefficient of remembering first and second group antenna is divided into and is w
1(n), w
2(n), design is as follows respectively:
w
2(n): suppose S
2Middle label is that antenna and the channel between the reception antenna of i is
Note
To weight coefficient w
2(n) each component is rotated respectively according to corresponding channel, design
I ∈ S
2, α wherein
iBe non-negative stochastic variable.Design like this w that obtains
2(n) will make transmitting of base station pass through respectively h
AB, iThe effect after at the desired user place with superimposed.
w
1(n): generate at first at random J
1Dimensional vector
Suppose
Wherein:
Be first group of J
1Channel vector between root antenna and the reception antenna, r and
Be respectively amplitude and phase place; Then to weight coefficient w
1(n) integral body is rotated, and gets
Design like this w that obtains
1(n) will make the transmitting through channel h of base station
AB, 1Non-with superimposed at the desired user place after the effect, but non-with the as a result h after superimposed
AB, 1w
1(n) will with
(i ∈ S
2) with superimposed (these two kinds of stacks are referred to as together " accurate with superimposed ") thus reach higher power utilization at the desired user place.
Symbol of every emission, the weight coefficient of antenna is respectively organized in design in the manner described above, and weight coefficient is changed fast.Utilize weight coefficient to be weighted to sent constellation point symbol b (n), launch at J root antenna according to the equivalent power of the appointment symbol after with weighting at last;
D) desired user receives the symbol after the weighting, and namely the weighting symbol utilizes the maximum likelihood method decoding
P wherein
eThe equivalent power of expression base station, x (n) expression is corresponding to a kind of constellation point of phase modulation method, and y (n) represents the signal that desired user receives;
E) the eavesdropping user receives the symbol after the weighting, even obtain communication between, between base station and the eavesdropping user under the prerequisite of channel information (and under the reality, the eavesdropping user is difficult to obtain this two-part information), because process so that weight coefficient changes fast the base station, the eavesdropping user can't utilize maximum likelihood method to be correctly decoded; If directly utilize the maximum likelihood method decoding, then the error rate is 50%, has finally realized safe transmission.
In the said method, the antenna number of described base station is greater than eavesdropping user's antenna number.
Compare with the method for existing guarantee secure wireless communication, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, under the prerequisite of supposition eavesdropping user antenna number less than the antenna for base station number, because lack the degree of freedom, the eavesdropping user can't be by the channel information between blind estimation acquisition base station and desired user, base station and the eavesdropping user.Even the eavesdropping user has obtained the channel information of these two aspects by certain mode, since transmitting antenna array is divided among the present invention at random two groups and order wherein the weight coefficient of one group of antenna value at random so that equivalent channel change fast at random, base station signal will locate to produce an at random fast interference signal that becomes the eavesdropping user, this interference signal will make eavesdropping user's decoding the very high error rate be arranged (in the certain situation of eavesdropping user number, the antenna for base station number is more, eavesdropping user's error condition will be more serious), so, the eavesdropping user can't effectively obtain the emission symbol of base station, has guaranteed secure communication
2, transmitting in desired user place standard with superimposed of base station reaches higher power utilization.In the described article of background technology, mentioned the safing method of Random Design weight coefficient, but the randomization of array weight coefficient causes transmit signal power in the excessive dispersion in space in the method, the signal power that finally causes arriving desired user is inadequate, has reduced the communication quality of desired user.Among the present invention by transmitting antenna array is divided at random two groups and design wherein one group of antenna weight coefficient so that base station signal by corresponding channel after at the desired user place all the time with superimposed, and the design randomization of the weight coefficient of other one group of antenna, then by integral-rotation so that should group antenna corresponding non-with the superimposed signal signal corresponding with last group of antenna at the desired user place with superimposed, improved power utilization.
3, in the situation of base station same transmit gross power, this patent method can reach higher signal to noise ratio at the desired user end, thereby the decoding performance of desired user is improved.
Description of drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the system model of the related safe transmission of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the weighting of emission symbol in base station of the present invention and sends schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of transmitting antenna array random combine spinning solution.
Fig. 4 is the average transmit power curve contrast figure of signal to noise ratio and base station in reference method and the inventive method wireless transmission.
Fig. 5 is the average transmit power curve contrast figure of the error rate and base station in reference method and the inventive method wireless transmission.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, base station Alice has many antennas, and desired user Bob uses single antenna, and eavesdropping user Eve sets up the antenna number of many antennas and Eve less than the antenna number of Alice for obtaining information.Here choose base station J=8 antenna in the implementation, desired user 1 antenna, eavesdropping user M=4 antenna.The meaning of secure communication is that the symbol of the base station emission user that only wishes to be supposed to obtains, and does not wish that being ravesdropping the user obtains.Here it is passive eavesdropping the user, i.e. its eavesdropping information is not to the spatial emission signal.In addition, the General Requirements transceiver channel can reciprocity in this secure wireless communication mode, and when channel became slowly, this reciprocity can be fully guaranteed by time division duplex (TDD).
In the communication process, Bob at first sends pilot frequency sequence (pilot frequency sequence is all known symbols of receiving-transmitting sides) to Alice, estimates channel h between the two for Alice
AB(n).Alice estimates channel h
AB(n) after, the bit that will send utilizes known a kind of phase modulation method to be modulated to constellation point symbol b (n), n=1,2,3 ..., then design weight coefficient, be assigned to each antenna transmission after constellation point symbol b (n) is weighted and go out.What adopt in the present embodiment is the QPSK modulation system, and concrete weighting and transmission flow are as shown in Figure 2.
The method for designing of weight coefficient: emission symbol b (n) is front, and needing 8 all antenna random division is two groups, supposes that first group has J
1The root antenna; Second group has J
2The root antenna.As follows following design first and second the group antenna weight coefficient w
1(n), w
2(n):
A) w
2(n): suppose S
2Middle label is that antenna and the channel between the reception antenna of i is
Note
To weight coefficient w
2(n) each component is rotated respectively according to corresponding channel information, design
I ∈ S
2, α wherein
iBe non-negative stochastic variable.Design like this w that obtains
2(n) will make transmitting of base station pass through respectively h
AB, iThe effect after at the desired user place with superimposed.
B) w
1(n): generate at first at random J
1Dimensional vector
Might as well suppose
Wherein:
Be first group of J
1Channel vector between root antenna and the reception antenna, r and
Be respectively amplitude and phase place; Then to weight coefficient w
1(n) integral body is rotated, and gets
Design like this w that obtains
1(n) will make the transmitting through channel h of base station
AB, 1Non-with superimposed at the desired user place after the effect, but non-with the as a result h after superimposed
AB, 1w
1(n) will with
(i ∈ S
2Thereby) reach higher power utilization with superimposed at the desired user place.When launching next symbol, need to redesign in the manner described above the weight coefficient of two groups of antennas, so w
1(n) and w
2(n) effect is so that when sending each symbol b (n), equivalent channel all changes, thereby has avoided the Eve obtaining information.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that carries out the rotation of transmitting antenna array random combine according to above-mentioned method for designing, for the ease of diagram, only considers 4 transmit antennas (respectively label 1～4).At first transmitting antenna is divided into two groups at random: first group is that channel between antenna 1 and the corresponding dual-mode antenna of antenna 2(is designated as respectively h
1And h
2), second group is that channel between antenna 3 and the corresponding dual-mode antenna of antenna 4(is designated as respectively h
3And h
4).The weights of antenna 1 and antenna 2 (namely
With
) arrange at random, the signal of base station is by channel h
1And h
2Rear non-with superimposed, composite signal
Then composite signal being carried out integral-rotation, to make its phase place be 0.According to channel h
3And h
4Situation the weights of antenna 3 and antenna 4 are set so that h
3w
3(diagram hollow arrow), h
4w
4The phase place of (illustrating solid breach arrow) also is 0.At last, with superimposed composite signal hw, its phase place is 0 to signal corresponding to the signal that first group of antenna behind the integral-rotation is corresponding and second group of antenna at the desired user place.
After generating weight coefficient, Alice utilizes weight coefficient to be weighted to sent constellation point symbol b (n), adjusts transmitting power according to the equivalent power of appointment, at last the symbol after weighting, the power adjustment is launched at J root antenna.If equivalent power is P
e, through behind the wireless channel, the symbol that desired user Bob receives is
W (n) is the weighing vector of transmitting antenna, and Amp (n) is power regulation factor, satisfies
v
Bob(n) white noise of holding for Bob, Gaussian distributed.The estimated value that Bob can directly utilize the method for maximum-likelihood decoding to obtain launching symbol b (n)
Because the channel between base station and the eavesdropping user (is designated as h
AE(n)) be different from the direct channel h of base station and desired user
AB(n), signal is through h
AE(n) symbol that arrives the eavesdropping user side after is
x
Eve(n)=h
AEw(n)×Amp(n)×b(n)+v
Eve(n) (2)
v
Eve(n) noise of holding for Eve.
On the one hand, because the information that receives of Eve is the at random scramble to amplitude and the phase place of former symbol b (n), add the impact of noise, Eve can not with as desired user Bob, adopt maximum likelihood directly to decipher.On the other hand, even Eve (is h by the channel information that certain approach has obtained between Alice and Bob, Alice and the Eve
AB, h
AE) the original emission information of efficient recovery also can't be arranged, be explained as follows:
Because M＜J, thereby can draw R=rank (h
AE)≤M is so can set up following relational expression
In the following formula,
For getting the pseudo-inverse operation of Moore-Penrose; I and 0 represents respectively unit matrix and null matrix;
V is to h
AECarry out the unitary matrice that singular value decomposition obtains, satisfy h
AE=U ∑ V
H
Suppose that Eve has obtained h
ABAnd h
AE, adopt the maximum likelihood the same with Bob directly to decipher on the basis that utilizes this two parts channel information.
In the following formula:
Desired signal,
The distracter by the random weighting coefficient generation of Alice design,
It is the equivalent noise at Eve place.Because distracter
Exist always, in the antenna number of Alice in the situation of the antenna number of Eve, even Eve has obtained h
ABAnd h
AEInformation, its error rate also can be very high.In addition, in reality, because M＜J lacks the degree of freedom, Eve will be difficult to obtain h by blind estimation
ABAnd h
AE, its error rate will be than knowing h
ABAnd h
AESituation under higher, thereby Eve can't realize effective eavesdropping, therefore the wireless security communication between Alice and the Bob is guaranteed.
See Fig. 4, adopt reference method and the inventive method, along with the increase of base station average transmit power, the signal to noise ratio of Bob all increases.In the identical situation of average transmit power, adopt the inventive method to obtain than the better wireless transmission signal to noise ratio of reference method at the desired user end, thereby can improve the decoding performance of desired user.
Fig. 5 is the average transmit power curve contrast figure of the error rate and base station in reference method and the inventive method wireless transmission.Consider that Eve adopts dual mode to recover emission information: in " Blind " situation, Eve is synthetic with the direct addition of signal that many antenna receptions arrive, and then utilizes maximum likelihood directly to decipher; In " Perfect " situation, Eve has obtained h
ABAnd h
AEInformation, utilize formula (4) and maximum likelihood directly to decipher.As shown in Figure 5: in " Blind " situation, the error rate of Eve is 0.5 under reference method and the inventive method; Along with the increase of base station average transmit power, the error rate of Bob can significantly reduce, but in order to obtain the same low error rate, the average transmit power of the inventive method is lower.
Can draw the following conclusions with Fig. 5 in conjunction with Fig. 4: in the situation that adopts identical average transmit power, the inventive method can obtain than the better signal to noise ratio of reference method at the desired user end, thereby has better bit error rate performance.
So far, technical scheme and simulation result can be verified the useful effect of the safe transmission of the inventive method in ensureing radio communication, and the superiority that the inventive method is compared reference method is also embodied.
Claims (2)
1. secure wireless communication transmission method that uses transmitting antenna array random combine rotation, the model of communication system that adopts comprises: the base station of the many antennas of a cover, single antenna mobile terminal and antenna mobile terminal more than, wherein, the single antenna mobile terminal is as desired user, many antennas mobile terminal is as the eavesdropping user, consist of between base station and the desired user and communicate by letter rightly, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A) desired user at first sends the unencrypted solicited message to the base station, and this solicited message comprises the pilot frequency sequence for channel estimating simultaneously;
B) base station receives solicited message, utilize pilot frequency sequence estimate communication between channel h
AB, consider that time division duplex and channel become slowly, the channel of base station to the channel of desired user direction and desired user to the base station direction is identical, is h
AB
C) base station is then:
The bit modulation that (1) will send is constellation point symbol b (n), n=1,2,3,
(2) emission b (n) is front, and be two groups with all 0J root antenna random division: first group has J
1The root antenna, the label combination of antenna is designated as
Second group has J
2The root antenna, the label combination of antenna is designated as
And S is arranged
1∪ S
2=1,2 ..., J} and J
1+ J
2=J; Weight coefficient of remembering first and second group antenna is divided into and is w
1(n), w
2(n), wherein:
w
2(n): suppose S
2Middle label is that antenna and the channel between the reception antenna of i is
Note
To weight coefficient w
2(n) each component is rotated respectively according to corresponding channel, establishes
I ∈ S
2, α wherein
iBe non-negative stochastic variable, the w that obtains like this
2(n) will make transmitting of base station pass through respectively h
AB, iThe effect after at the desired user place with superimposed;
w
1(n): generate at first at random J
1Dimensional vector
Suppose
Wherein:
Be first group of J
1Channel vector between root antenna and the reception antenna, r and
Be respectively amplitude and phase place; Then to weight coefficient w
1(n) integral body is rotated, and gets
The w that obtains like this
1(n) will make the transmitting through channel h of base station
AB, 1Non-with superimposed at the desired user place after the effect, but non-with the as a result h after superimposed
AB, 1w
1(n) will with
With superimposed, i ∈ S
2
Symbol of every emission, respectively organize the weight coefficient of antenna according to above method design, weight coefficient is changed fast, utilize weight coefficient to be weighted to sent constellation point symbol b (n), launch at J root antenna according to the equivalent power of the appointment symbol after with weighting at last;
D) desired user receives the weighting symbol, utilizes the maximum likelihood method decoding
P wherein
eThe equivalent power of expression base station, x (n) expression is corresponding to a kind of constellation point of phase modulation method, and y (n) represents the signal that desired user receives;
E) the eavesdropping user receives the weighting symbol, even obtain communication between, between base station and the eavesdropping user under the prerequisite of channel information, weight coefficient changes fast and can't utilize maximum likelihood method to be correctly decoded because process the base station, if directly utilize the maximum likelihood method decoding, then the error rate is 50%.
2. the secure wireless communication transmission method of use transmitting antenna array random combine rotation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the antenna number of described base station is greater than eavesdropping user's antenna number.
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