CN103001709B - Antenna delay test method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种天线时延测试方法，特别是一种利用矢量网络分析仪和三个标准时延天线的天线时延测试方法。 The invention relates to an antenna delay test method, in particular to an antenna delay test method using a vector network analyzer and three standard delay antennas.
背景技术 Background technique
随着通信卫星、导航卫星、星载SAR等宇航技术的发展，对天线的跟踪、定位精确度要求越来越高。与以往相比，卫星对天线及其分系统提出了功能更复杂、性能非常苛刻的要求，单靠幅度波束来搜索定位已不能满足要求，以导航卫星为例：其提供的各项业务服务都是通过测量载波信号星地之间传输的时延进行距离解算。因此，天线的时延测试准确程度直接关系到定位系统的测距精度，最终影响到系统的定位精度、测速精度和授时精度。这对天线时延的测试能力、测试精度和测试重复性(例如环境试验前后)提出了更高标准的要求。如果测试方法不够规范、精度不高会给最终的测试结果数据判读带来严峻的挑战。因此，迫切需要一种科学，规范，高精度的天线时延测试方法。 With the development of aerospace technologies such as communication satellites, navigation satellites, and spaceborne SAR, the requirements for antenna tracking and positioning accuracy are getting higher and higher. Compared with the past, satellites have put forward more complex functions and very demanding requirements for antennas and their subsystems. Searching and positioning by amplitude beams alone can no longer meet the requirements. Take navigation satellites as an example: the various business services they provide are all The distance is calculated by measuring the time delay of the carrier signal transmitted between the satellite and the ground. Therefore, the accuracy of the delay test of the antenna is directly related to the ranging accuracy of the positioning system, and ultimately affects the positioning accuracy, velocity measurement accuracy and timing accuracy of the system. This puts forward higher standard requirements for antenna delay test capability, test accuracy and test repeatability (for example, before and after environmental tests). If the test method is not standardized enough and the accuracy is not high, it will bring severe challenges to the interpretation of the final test result data. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a scientific, standardized, and high-precision antenna delay test method.
目前业界常用矢量网络分析仪进行对天线参数的测试，其基本原理如下：相位参数和时延之间存在确定的数学关系：时延对应于频率处相位的斜率，该斜率由因子 加权而得到时延的物理单位，秒(s)，即 因此，可以直接用此公式求得时延T，如图1所示。然而，矢量网络分析仪基于离散的频率轴测量S参数，因此必须通过微分的方法取数值近似 其中Δf是测试群时延的一个重要参数-孔径(aperture)。所选的孔径将影响得到的时延曲线，其值过大会损失细节；过小则会凸现测量值上叠加的噪声的影响。 At present, vector network analyzers are commonly used in the industry to test antenna parameters. The basic principles are as follows: There is a definite mathematical relationship between phase parameters and delay: delay corresponds to the slope of the phase at the frequency, and the slope is determined by the factor The weighted physical unit of delay, second (s), namely Therefore, this formula can be directly used to obtain the time delay T, as shown in Figure 1. However, vector network analyzers measure S-parameters based on a discrete frequency axis, so they must be approximated by differentiation Among them, Δf is an important parameter of testing group time delay - aperture (aperture). The selected aperture will affect the obtained time-delay curve. If the value is too large, details will be lost; if the value is too small, the influence of noise superimposed on the measured value will be highlighted.
由于利用矢量网络分析仪测试天线时延需要形成一个回路，因此需要引入标准时延天线与被测天线形成收发链路以利用矢量网络分析仪对链路进行测 试，但标准时延天线的时延如何精确测试一直是一个难以解决的问题。 Since a loop needs to be formed by using a vector network analyzer to test antenna delay, it is necessary to introduce a standard delay antenna to form a transmitting and receiving link with the antenna under test to use a vector network analyzer to test the link, but what is the delay of the standard delay antenna? Accurate testing has always been a difficult problem.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的技术解决问题是：克服现有测试方法的不足，提供一种天线时延测试方法，本发明的测试方法简单、测试精度高，并且适用范围广。 The technical solution problem of the present invention is: to overcome the deficiency of the existing test method, provide a kind of antenna time delay test method, the test method of the present invention is simple, the test precision is high, and the scope of application is wide.
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种天线时延测试方法，步骤如下： The technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of antenna delay test method, the steps are as follows:
(1)在微波暗室环境，引入三个形式一致且与被测天线同频段、同极化的标准时延天线A，B，C； (1) In the microwave anechoic chamber environment, introduce three standard time-delay antennas A, B, and C with the same form, the same frequency band and the same polarization as the antenna under test;
(2)将标准时延天线A和标准时延天线B组成收发链路，标准时延天线A和标准时延天线B之间的距离R满足，R≥2D2/λ，利用矢量网络分析仪测出收发链路的组合时延值T1，得到TA+TB＝T1-TAB.............................................................(1)； (2) The standard time-delay antenna A and the standard time-delay antenna B form a transceiver link, the distance R between the standard time-delay antenna A and the standard time-delay antenna B satisfies, R≥2D 2 /λ, use a vector network analyzer to measure the transceiver chain The combined delay value T 1 of the path, we can get T A +T B =T 1 -T AB ........................... ................................(1);
其中：D为标准时延天线的最大口径，λ为标准时延天线的工作波长，TA为标准时延天线A的时延，TB为标准时延天线B的时延，TAB为标准时延天线A与标准时延天线B相位中心间的时延； Among them: D is the maximum aperture of the standard time-delay antenna, λ is the working wavelength of the standard time-delay antenna, T A is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna A, T B is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna B, T AB is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna A and The time delay between the phase centers of the standard time-delay antenna B;
(3)将标准时延天线B和标准时延天线C组成收发链路，标准时延天线B和标准时延天线C之间的距离R满足，R≥2D2/λ，利用矢量网络分析仪测出收发链路的组合时延值T2，得到TB+TC＝T2-TBC.......................................................(2)； (3) The standard time-delay antenna B and the standard time-delay antenna C form a transceiver link, the distance R between the standard time-delay antenna B and the standard time-delay antenna C satisfies, R≥2D 2 /λ, use a vector network analyzer to measure the transceiver chain The combined delay value T 2 of the path, T B + T C = T 2 -T BC ........................... ..........................(2);
其中：D为标准时延天线的最大口径，λ为标准时延天线的工作波长，TB为标准时延天线B的时延，TC为标准时延天线C的时延，TBC为标准时延天线B与标准时延天线C相位中心间的时延； Among them: D is the maximum aperture of the standard time-delay antenna, λ is the working wavelength of the standard time-delay antenna, T B is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna B, T C is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna C, T BC is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna B and The time delay between the C phase centers of the standard time delay antenna;
(4)将标准时延天线A和标准时延天线C组成收发链路，标准时延天线A和标准时延天线C之间的距离R满足，R≥2D2/λ，利用矢量网络分析仪测出收发链路的组合时延值T3，得到TA+TC＝T3-TAC........................................................................(3)； (4) The standard time-delay antenna A and the standard time-delay antenna C form a transceiver link, the distance R between the standard time-delay antenna A and the standard time-delay antenna C satisfies, R≥2D 2 /λ, use a vector network analyzer to measure the transceiver chain The combined delay value T 3 of the path, get T A +T C ＝T 3 -T AC ........................... ...................................................(3);
其中：D为标准时延天线的最大口径，λ为标准时延天线的工作波长，TA为标准时延天线A的时延，TC为标准时延天线C的时延，TAC为标准时延天线A与标准时延天线C相位中心间的时延； Among them: D is the maximum aperture of the standard time-delay antenna, λ is the working wavelength of the standard time-delay antenna, T A is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna A, T C is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna C, T AC is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna A and The time delay between the C phase centers of the standard time delay antenna;
(5)利用方程(1)、(2)、(3)解出标准时延天线A的时延TA： (5) Use equations (1), (2), and (3) to solve the time delay T A of the standard time delay antenna A:
TA＝(T1+T2+T3-TAB-TBC-TAC)/2-T2+TBC...............(4)； T A = (T 1 +T 2 +T 3 -T AB -T BC -T AC )/2-T 2 +T BC ..........(4);
(6)将标准时延天线A和被测天线D组成收发链路，标准时延天线A与被测天线D之间的距离R1满足，R1≥2D1 2/λ1，用矢量网络分析仪测出收发链路的组合时延值T4，得到被测天线的时延TD，TD＝T4-TAD-TA.......................................(5)； (6) The standard time-delay antenna A and the antenna D under test are combined to form a transceiver link, the distance R 1 between the standard time-delay antenna A and the antenna D under test satisfies, R 1 ≥ 2D 1 2 /λ 1 , use a vector network analyzer Measure the combined time delay value T 4 of the transmitting and receiving link, and obtain the time delay T D of the antenna under test, T D = T 4 -T AD -T A .......... ................................(5);
其中：D1为被测天线D的最大口径，λ1为被测天线D的工作波长，TA为标准时延天线A的时延，TD为被测天线D的时延，TAD为标准时延天线A和被测天线D相位中心间的时延。 Among them: D 1 is the maximum aperture of the antenna D under test, λ 1 is the working wavelength of the antenna D under test, T A is the time delay of the standard delay antenna A, T D is the time delay of the antenna D under test, and T AD is the standard time The time delay between the phase centers of antenna A and antenna D under test.
TAB、TBC、TAC均由任意两个标准天线相位中心间的距离除以光速计算得到。 T AB , T BC , and T AC are calculated by dividing the distance between the phase centers of any two standard antennas by the speed of light.
TAD由标准时延天线A和被测天线D相位中心间的距离除以光速计算得到。 T AD is calculated by dividing the distance between the phase centers of the standard delay antenna A and the tested antenna D by the speed of light.
本发明的实现原理是：首先在满足天线远场条件的微波暗室环境，引入与被测天线同频段，同极化的三个形式一致的标准时延天线；然后将其中任意两个标准时延天线组成收发链路，链路满足天线远场条件，用矢量网络分析仪测出其组合时延，利用三组测出的组合时延值，联立方程组，求出任意一个标准时延天线的时延值；最后将时延已知的标准时延天线与被测天线组成收发链路，链路满足天线远场条件，用矢量网络分析仪测出其组合时延，再利用标准时延天线时延为已知量，解出被测天线的时延值。 The realization principle of the present invention is: first, in the microwave anechoic room environment that satisfies the far-field condition of the antenna, introduce three standard time-delay antennas with the same frequency band and the same polarization as the antenna under test; then any two standard time-delay antennas are composed of Transceiver link, the link meets the far-field conditions of the antenna, and its combined delay is measured with a vector network analyzer, and the delay of any standard delay antenna is calculated by using the three sets of measured combined delay values and simultaneous equations Finally, the standard time-delay antenna with known time-delay and the antenna under test are combined to form a transmitting and receiving link. Known quantity, solve the time delay value of the antenna under test.
本发明与现有技术相比有益效果为： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has beneficial effects as follows:
(1)本发明采用三标准时延天线测时延法，测试标准时延天线时延过程中由于采用了联立方程组求解的形式，并未引入标准时延天线间不一致性带来的误差，因此测试理论严谨性和精度都比传统方法要高。 (1) The present invention adopts three standard time-delay antennas to measure time-delay method, in the test standard time-delay antenna time-delay process owing to adopted the form of solving of simultaneous equations, did not introduce the error that the inconsistency between the standard time-delay antennas brings, so test Theoretical rigor and precision are higher than traditional methods.
(2)本发明利用矢量网络分析仪直接测出被测天线与标准时延天线之间的组合时延，并没有在被测天线时延部分中引入等光程时延的计算结果，因此本发明并不只限用于反射面天线的时延测试，所以适用范围较广。 (2) the present invention utilizes the vector network analyzer to directly measure the combined time delay between the antenna under test and the standard time delay antenna, and does not introduce the calculation results of equal optical path time delays in the time delay part of the antenna under test, so the present invention does not only It is limited to the delay test of reflector antennas, so it has a wide range of applications.
(3)本发明提出的测试方法已经成功应用到我国多颗卫星天线的时延测试，其有效性得到了在轨飞行的验证，具有广泛的适用性和推广应用价值。 (3) The test method proposed by the present invention has been successfully applied to the delay test of multiple satellite antennas in my country, and its effectiveness has been verified by in-orbit flight, and has wide applicability and promotion and application value.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为利用矢量网络分析仪测试得到的相位与时延曲线图； Fig. 1 is the phase and delay curve diagram that utilizes the vector network analyzer test to obtain;
图2为标准时延天线A与标准时延天线B组成的收发链路图； FIG. 2 is a diagram of a transceiver link composed of a standard time-delay antenna A and a standard time-delay antenna B;
图3为标准时延天线B与标准时延天线C组成的收发链路图； FIG. 3 is a diagram of a transceiver link composed of a standard time-delay antenna B and a standard time-delay antenna C;
图4为标准时延天线A与标准时延天线C组成的收发链路图； FIG. 4 is a diagram of a transceiver link composed of a standard time-delay antenna A and a standard time-delay antenna C;
图5为标准时延天线A与被测天线D组成的收发链路图。 FIG. 5 is a diagram of the transceiver link composed of the standard delay antenna A and the antenna D under test.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如果存在一点能使得天线相对于此点的相位方向图函数在天线主瓣区域内为一常数(即天线远场的等相位面是以此点为球心的球面)，则此点称作天线的相位中心。天线时延定义为电磁波从天线相位中心到馈电口传输所需的时间。 If there is a point that can make the phase pattern function of the antenna relative to this point a constant in the antenna main lobe area (that is, the equiphase surface of the antenna far field is a spherical surface with this point as the center of the sphere), then this point is called the antenna phase center of . Antenna delay is defined as the time required for electromagnetic waves to travel from the antenna phase center to the feed port.
测试天线时延时，场地需满足天线远场测试条件，天线收发之间的距离R≥2D2/λ，即满足天线远场条件，其中D为被测天线最大口径，λ为被测天线的工作波长。测试环境要求无电磁干扰，以减小环境引起的时延测试误差，在测试过程中应特别注意测试电缆的连接，采用力矩扳手保证每次连接的一致性。测试仪器应为检定合格，并且在有效期内的仪器。实现本发明时，要求具备包括尺寸能够符合天线测试远场条件的微波暗室，与被测天线同频段，同极化的三个形式一致的标准时延天线，能够覆盖测试频段的矢量网络分析仪。 To test the antenna time delay, the site needs to meet the far-field test conditions of the antenna, and the distance between the antennas for transmitting and receiving is R≥2D 2 /λ, that is, the far-field conditions of the antenna are met, where D is the maximum diameter of the antenna under test, and λ is the distance between the antenna under test working wavelength. The test environment requires no electromagnetic interference to reduce the delay test error caused by the environment. During the test, special attention should be paid to the connection of the test cable, and a torque wrench is used to ensure the consistency of each connection. The test instrument should be certified and within the validity period. When realizing the present invention, it is required to have a microwave anechoic chamber whose size can meet the far-field conditions of the antenna test, three standard delay antennas with the same frequency band and same polarization as the antenna under test, and a vector network analyzer capable of covering the test frequency band.
本发明实现的具体步骤如下： The concrete steps that the present invention realizes are as follows:
(1)在微波暗室环境，引入三个形式一致且与被测天线同频段、同极化的标准时延天线A，B，C； (1) In the microwave anechoic chamber environment, introduce three standard time-delay antennas A, B, and C with the same form, the same frequency band and the same polarization as the antenna under test;
(2)按图2将标准时延天线A和标准时延天线B组成收发链路，标准时延天线A和标准时延天线B之间的距离R满足，R≥2D2/λ，利用矢量网络分析仪测出收发链路的组合时延值T1，得到TA+TB＝T1-TAB................................................(1)； (2) According to Figure 2, the standard time-delay antenna A and the standard time-delay antenna B form a transceiver link, the distance R between the standard time-delay antenna A and the standard time-delay antenna B satisfies, R≥2D 2 /λ, using a vector network analyzer to measure The combined delay value T 1 of the sending and receiving links, we can get T A +T B =T 1 -T AB ........................... ......................(1);
其中：D为标准时延天线的最大口径，λ为标准时延天线的工作波长，TA为标准时延天线A的时延，TB为标准时延天线B的时延，TAB为标准时延天线A与标准时延天线B相位中心间的时延； Among them: D is the maximum aperture of the standard time-delay antenna, λ is the working wavelength of the standard time-delay antenna, T A is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna A, T B is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna B, T AB is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna A and The time delay between the phase centers of the standard time-delay antenna B;
(3)按图3将标准时延天线B和标准时延天线C组成收发链路，标准时延天线B和标准时延天线C之间的距离R满足，R≥2D2/λ，利用矢量网络分析仪 测出收发链路的组合时延值T2，得到TB+TC＝T2-TBC.............................................(2)； (3) According to Figure 3, the standard time-delay antenna B and the standard time-delay antenna C form a transceiver link, and the distance R between the standard time-delay antenna B and the standard time-delay antenna C satisfies, R≥2D 2 /λ, using a vector network analyzer to measure The combined time delay value T 2 of sending and receiving links, we can get T B +T C ＝T 2 -T BC .......... ...................(2);
其中：D为标准时延天线的最大口径，λ为标准时延天线的工作波长，TB为标准时延天线B的时延，TC为标准时延天线C的时延，TBC为标准时延天线B与标准时延天线C相位中心间的时延； Among them: D is the maximum aperture of the standard time-delay antenna, λ is the working wavelength of the standard time-delay antenna, T B is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna B, T C is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna C, T BC is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna B and The time delay between the C phase centers of the standard time delay antenna;
(4)按图4将标准时延天线A和标准时延天线C组成收发链路，标准时延天线A和标准时延天线C之间的距离R满足，R≥2D2/λ，利用矢量网络分析仪测出收发链路的组合时延值T3，得到TA+TC＝T3-TAC................................................(3)； (4) According to Figure 4, the standard time-delay antenna A and the standard time-delay antenna C form a transceiver link, the distance R between the standard time-delay antenna A and the standard time-delay antenna C satisfies, R≥2D 2 /λ, using a vector network analyzer to measure The combined time delay value T 3 of the sending and receiving links, we can get T A + T C = T 3 - T AC ...................... ...................(3);
其中：D为标准时延天线的最大口径，λ为标准时延天线的工作波长，TA为标准时延天线A的时延，TC为标准时延天线C的时延，TAC为标准时延天线A与标准时延天线C相位中心间的时延； Among them: D is the maximum aperture of the standard time-delay antenna, λ is the working wavelength of the standard time-delay antenna, T A is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna A, T C is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna C, T AC is the time delay of the standard time-delay antenna A and The time delay between the C phase centers of the standard time delay antenna;
(5)利用方程(1)、(2)、(3)解出标准时延天线A的时延TA： (5) Use equations (1), (2), and (3) to solve the time delay T A of the standard time delay antenna A:
TA＝(T1+T2+T3-TAB-TBC-TAC)/2-T2+TBC...............(4)； T A = (T 1 +T 2 +T 3 -T AB -T BC -T AC )/2-T 2 +T BC ..........(4);
(6)按图5将标准时延天线A和被测天线D组成收发链路，标准时延天线A与被测天线D之间的距离R1满足，R1≥2D1 2/λ1，用矢量网络分析仪测出收发链路的组合时延值T4，得到被测天线的时延TD，TD＝T4-TAD-TA...........................(5)； (6) According to Figure 5, the standard time-delay antenna A and the antenna D under test are combined to form a transceiver link. The distance R 1 between the standard time-delay antenna A and the antenna D under test satisfies, R 1 ≥ 2D 1 2 /λ 1 , and the vector The network analyzer measures the combined delay value T 4 of the transmitting and receiving link, and obtains the delay T D of the antenna under test, T D = T 4 -T AD -T A .......... ..........(5);
其中：D1为被测天线D的最大口径，λ1为被测天线D的工作波长，TA为标准时延天线A的时延，TD为被测天线D的时延，TAD为标准时延天线A和被测天线D相位中心间的时延，TA由方程(4)计算得出。 Among them: D 1 is the maximum aperture of the antenna D under test, λ 1 is the working wavelength of the antenna D under test, T A is the time delay of the standard delay antenna A, T D is the time delay of the antenna D under test, and T AD is the standard time The time delay between the phase centers of the antenna A and the antenna under test D, T A is calculated by equation (4).
其中链路组合时延T1，T2，T3由矢量网络分析仪直接测出，TAB、TBC、TAC为自由空间的电磁波传播时延，均由任意两个标准天线相位中心间的距离除以光速计算得到，任意两个标准天线相位中心间的距离用经纬仪(或其他高精度校准机械校准仪器)测出，此距离除以光速就是两天线间的时延TAB，TBC，TAC。。TAD由标准时延天线A和被测天线D相位中心间的距离除以光速计算得到，标准时延天线A与被测天线D相位中心间的距离用经纬仪(或其他高精度校准机械校准仪器)测出。 Among them, the combined link delays T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 are directly measured by the vector network analyzer, and T AB , T BC , and T AC are the electromagnetic wave propagation delays in free space, which are determined by the phase centers between any two standard antennas. Calculated by dividing the distance by the speed of light, the distance between any two standard antenna phase centers is measured with a theodolite (or other high-precision calibration mechanical calibration instrument), this distance divided by the speed of light is the time delay between the two antennas T AB , T BC , T AC . . T AD is calculated by dividing the distance between the phase centers of the standard time-delay antenna A and the antenna D under test by the speed of light. out.
本发明未详细说明部分属本领域技术人员公知常识。 Parts not described in detail in the present invention belong to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.
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