CN102998174A - Long-term loading apparatus system for concrete sample durability tests - Google Patents
Long-term loading apparatus system for concrete sample durability tests Download PDFInfo
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- CN102998174A CN102998174A CN 201110268840 CN201110268840A CN102998174A CN 102998174 A CN102998174 A CN 102998174A CN 201110268840 CN201110268840 CN 201110268840 CN 201110268840 A CN201110268840 A CN 201110268840A CN 102998174 A CN102998174 A CN 102998174A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a loading apparatus for concrete durability researches, wherein the loading apparatus comprises a pressurizing apparatus and a bending apparatus which are independent. The pressurizing apparatus comprises a steel shell, a sliding steel plate, a belleville spring, a reaction nut, a sliding bolt, a reaction frame, a sensor and a jack; and the bending apparatus comprises a primary screw, an auxiliary screw, a steel cushion block, a pressure spring, a sensor and a reaction frame. The pressurizing apparatus is similar to a piston structure system, blocky concrete samples are put into the steel shell, and external load is applied to make the sliding bolt push the sliding steel plate in order to extrude the concrete samples. The bending apparatus mainly adopts two same beam-shaped concrete samples which are arranged side by side, two ends of the sample are tightly screwed by the bolts, the spring is connected between the samples and the bolts in series, and the samples form a constant bending moment area through a spacing plate. The loading apparatus can realize loading at everywhere, the samples are moved to a test area after loading, and then the weight of a load can be momentarily tested, so the loading apparatus can satisfy present needs of the researches of the durability of the concrete under the load.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is mainly used in the concrete durability experiment work, and concrete sample is applied long-term various types of load like actual concrete component, comprises and presses load, moment load etc.
Background technology
Concrete more and more is subject to people's care as important its permanance of material of building trade, the quality of its quality, not only be embodied in the aspects such as intensity, short-term stability, long-term behaviour also is key index, and is special in buildingss such as the harbour in the transportation industry, bridges.These durability index of concrete mainly comprise anti-carbonization ability, the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration, resisting erosion of sulfate ability etc.Except the factor affecting durability index such as the performance of concrete own and corrosion environment, its stress condition also produces material impact to it, for example, durable change under the coupling of concrete loading condition and performance own, durable change under the coupling of concrete loading condition and corrosion environment need to be carried out a large amount of, for a long time correlative study.
Had many scholars and researchist to carry out both at home and abroad about concrete durability research under the load action at present, and designed and used the loading equipment that differs from one another, this kind equipment mostly is placed in the testing laboratory of colleges and universities and scientific research institutions.For example, the patent of Tongji University's invention, the long-term constant uniaxial compressive stress load apparatus of concrete.It is the long-term constant uniaxial compressive stress load apparatus of a kind of concrete.Forming by loading screw rod, tumbler bearing, pressure arm connecting rod etc., is to carry out specialized designs for Under Uniaxial Compressive Loading, makes 1-5 group concrete sample in same device, can test its durability index simultaneously in the certain compressive stress of loading.The patent of Hohai University's invention, permeance property proving installation and the method for testing of concrete for hydraulic structure under load action.It comprises pressue device and specimen chamber two parts.Its principle is, with pressure testing machine by steel plate to spring pressurization, use immediately bolt tightening after reaching authorised pressure, and remove pressing machine, this moment, the outside load of pressing was just provided by spring; The pressure that spring produces is delivered on the concrete sample by steel plate, ball seat, upper compressed steel backing plate.Also there are similar patent of invention in Shenzhen University, Zhejiang University in addition.The characteristics of each tool of such test unit oneself can not load but do not possess simultaneously everywhere, after loading test specimen can the change trial position, environment, the function that can carry out again at any time afterwards remeasurement and reloading to loading force.
Concrete durability under certain corrosion environment is carried out excessive quantity research both at home and abroad, and obtain many achievements in research, an Important Platform that wherein carries out this aspect research is " exposure test station "." exposure test station " is as support take certain engineering structure, selected certain zone that can represent the particular etch environment is as the zone of placing concrete sample, hands over exposure test station, Transbay Bridge, Qingdao, eight exposure test stations, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Hainan of four boat exposure test stations, graduate Zhanjiang, Shandong high speed group etc. in for example.The concrete sample of placing in these exposure test stations at present mostly is the concrete sample that does not have under the load action, only be endurance issues under concrete property and the corrosion environment coupling through what expose the data reflection obtain, the concrete durability series of problems can not get embodiment under the load action.Therefore need a cover to be used for the long-term charger of the concrete sample system of concrete durability experiment, this system can large quantities of test specimens in the building site, the ground such as exposure test station is on-the-spot loads, the scene moves in " exposure test station " in the lump with concrete sample, in the situation that need not bury monitoring equipment underground, take out of test specimen in the time of need to measuring the load retention and charger is measured at any time.Therefore in conjunction with actual conditions, develop a kind of several functions experiment loading unit that has concurrently and seem very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The loading system of concrete sample must satisfy following three requirements, could be used for experimental study: 1. will place for a long time under the chlorine salt corrosion environment owing to the load-bearing test specimen, so at first need to consider the corrosion resistance of charger; 2. can comparatively accurately control the size of imposed load, in order to adjust the concrete load level, and guarantee to have comparability between the test findings of different test specimens; 3. because this test need to be carried out long durability test, and consider and the stress relaxation phenomenon of loading system also need to guarantee the adjusting imposed load comparatively easy in the testing ground.
(1) pressue device
The available maximum pressure of charger need reach 20MPa.The test specimen size dimension is 100mm * 100mm * 100mm, and the power size that charger need provide is at 10～20t.
Total belongs to class " piston structure system ", is comprised of outer steel shell, iron and steel sliding panel, butterfly spring, counter-force nut and slide bolt.2～3 100mm * 100mm * 100mm concrete sample is put into outer steel shell (different test specimen quantity can be regulated the length of slide bolt), make slide bolt promote the iron and steel slide plate by the external force loading, the extruded concrete test specimen, this moment, corresponding compression deformation occured in butterfly spring.The external world establishes device for measuring force when afterburning, stops to load when power reaches the appointment size, and the counter-force nut is outwards tightened, and the device for measuring force reading is changed.Then unload jack load.
The outer steel shell both sides are 10mm steel plates, and both sides are to open wide to make things convenient for external environment that concrete is corroded, and two ends is the 30mm steel plate; The iron and steel sliding panel is divided into two, and a centre is provided with the convenient fixedly disk spring of axis, is the member that fixing spring is accepted test specimen and slide bolt; Disk spring here act as displacement buffering, when counter-force bolt or certain position occur certain laxly, the power loss that guarantees when producing certain displacement to be applied on the test specimen is not too large; Slide bolt is used for transmitting extraneous power to whole system, and the counter-force bolt is used for retaining the extraneous power of transmitting.
The disk spring that wherein adopts has the good characteristics such as volume is little, energy storage large, combined and instant, is widely used in the machinery industries such as national defence, metallurgy, engineering, electric power.Disk spring is the dish shape spring that bears axial load, is divided into without carrying plane and carrying plane arranged. can used aloned, also can involutory combination or superimposed use, the synthetic dish spring group of complex group use.Can bear quiescent load or varying load.Common used material: 60Si2MnA, 50CrVA and all kinds of stainless steel material, inconel etc.
Adopt 4 of this model disk springs in this test, equidirectional placement, bearing load is single 4 times, the spring total deformation is constant.This deflection 2.2mm is 8.8 times of steel sleeve deflections.Dwindle stress and apply, this ratio can become large when regulating the disk spring placement direction.
Above compression system need to together be placed under the corrosion environment with concrete sample, and what organize test specimen just needs for how many cover systems.The equipment that this system of giving applies initial load mainly comprises reaction frame, lifting jack and a pressure transducer.
(2) add bending apparatus
Concrete long bar shaped (mainly being beam) member is subject to the effect of moment of flexure, is subjected to when curved a side tension of beam, a side pressurized in that large off-centre does not occur.The concrete material ultimate tensile stress is 1/10 of limit compressive stress, and what at first be damaged is tension face.The concrete voidage of this side becomes greatly, micro-crack is expanded or form macroscopic fracture, and permanance is had a strong impact on.
At present the concrete tensile strength grade is generally between 4～8MPa, the conventional load maximum of member be no more than its 70%.The test specimen size dimension is decided 100mm * 100mm * 500mm, and 4 anti-is folded down the intermediate stable moments of flexure apart from adopting 10cm～20cm, and moment load that therefore should the zone need maintain 600Nm～1000Nm.
Add the bending apparatus system and comprise two paired strip concrete samples, leave perforation apart from a distance, two ends, the length of test specimen can change as required, but two test specimen punch positions should be corresponding one by one, makes things convenient for screw rod therefrom to intert.Device for mechanical constitutes body screw, auxiliary screw rod, steel cushion block, stage clip, sensor and reaction frame.Two diameter 16mm body screws are passed in two test specimen two ends perforation, and screw rod one end penetrates stage clip of two cushion blocks (stage clip is between two cushion blocks), the nut of screwing on; The other end passes cushion block, the nut of screwing on, and the screw end head that exposes connects sensor, and sensor links to each other with reaction frame by auxiliary screw rod.Tightening the stage clip end nut loads, body screw, sensor and auxiliary screw rod move to a side with respect to test specimen and reaction frame, the top nut of body screw termination and the reaction frame power of having an effect, hindering it moves, this partial action power equates that with the power that the stage clip compression of the other end produces the sensor on the body screw also records this power.When being loaded into predetermined load, twisting reaction frame and survey the body screw top nut to the cushion block side shifting, by the degree of tightness between setting nut and the cushion block, sensor reading is made zero.
Its medi-spring adopts the stage clip of string diameter 8～10mm, can bear the power of 300～500Kg, and maximum compressibility is at 20～30mm.Concrete sample is out of shape in the 1mm creep, contraction etc., and stress loss is in 5%.
Description of drawings
The long-term charger of Fig. 1 concrete sample endurancing system--compression system schematic representation;
Internal force keeps autonomous device--" class piston structure system " schematic representation in the long-term compression system of Fig. 2 concrete sample endurancing;
Reaction frame schematic representation in the long-term compression system of Fig. 3 concrete sample endurancing;
The long-term charger of Fig. 4 concrete sample endurancing system--add curved system schematic representation;
Now reach by reference to the accompanying drawings the following embodiment that provides, describe the present invention in detail.
Embodiment
The long-term charger of Fig. 1 concrete sample endurancing system--compression system is placed on smooth location to reaction frame among Fig. 3, and connecting sensor, reader and power supply are regulated sensor reading initial reading is made zero.The lifting jack that meets size, general height is put into two 1 ends of reaction frame about 10cm, then connect lifting jack and oil pump.
Fig. 2 internal force is kept autonomous device " class piston structure system " put into reaction frame, the left side outer steel shell contacts with one section of sensor, and the slide bolt that opposite side exposes contacts with lifting jack.The iron and steel sliding panel of outer steel shell inside, disk spring and counter-force nut are put into successively, put at last concrete sample.
Pressurize to lifting jack with oil pump, the lifting jack elongation fully contacts with slide bolt, the pushing tow slide bolt, and jacking force reaches pressure transducer by disk spring, iron and steel sliding panel, concrete sample and outer steel shell termination successively, the size of timely reflection power, this power is the reaction frame internal forces.Twist the counter-force nut to contacting with outer steel shell right-hand member inwall when the load application size reaches predetermined value, fastening nut makes sensor reading reduce to some extent and can stop.Unload lifting jack this moment, device among Fig. 2 moved to need to carry out testing for a long time in the environment of exposure test.
The metal construction of this covering device except reaction frame need to be carried out preservative treatment before loading, generally adopt heavy-duty antiseptic paint to carry out coating protection, and counter-force bolt, nut adopt stainless steel to make, and japanning carried out after loading before other were inconvenient to load.
The long-term charger of Fig. 4 concrete sample endurancing system--add curved system, before loading, whole system is positioned over work top (or desktop), be ready to each parts and concrete sample.At first placed side by side at work top the concrete sample of making in advance, as required and research purpose, go out the maximal bending moment constant region through calculative determination, use the Scale out position, then limiting plate or reinforcing bar are clipped in this middle position of concrete sample as the power strong point.
Press each parts position among the figure, body screw is passed in the hole of leaving at the concrete sample two ends, at one end penetrate successively the accessories such as cushion block, spring, nut, and then at other end attaching nut, sensor and reaction frame, with the outer nut of reaction frame, auxiliary screw rod connecting sensor.The nut of tightening a termination is afterburning, is squeezed in the middle of cushion block, spring, concrete sample, sensor and reaction frame etc. are sandwiched in.Contained spring, sensor are subject to identical power, by the extremely predetermined load of sensor reading loading system.
Nut between stubborn sensor and body screw is to the cushion block place, and adjusting elasticity makes zero sensor reading, then lays down reaction frame, sensor and auxiliary screw rod, and loading procedure is complete.Then package unit is moved to and to carry out testing for a long time in the environment of exposure test.
Equally, the spacer bar of this covering device, cushion block and spring need to carry out preservative treatment before loading, generally adopt heavy-duty antiseptic paint to carry out coating protection, and body screw, nut adopt stainless steel to make, and japanning carried out after loading before other were inconvenient to load.
Claims (7)
1. the long-term charger of concrete sample endurancing system, this system are by the pressurization autonomous device and add curved autonomous device and form.Pressue device comprises outer steel shell, iron and steel sliding panel, butterfly spring, counter-force nut, slide bolt, reaction frame, sensor and lifting jack; Add bending apparatus and comprise body screw, auxiliary screw rod, steel cushion block, stage clip, sensor and reaction frame.Its principal character comprises:
(A) can carry out long-term axial pressure, eccentric pressurization to 100mm * 100mm * 300mm and following size concrete element;
(B) can apply for a long time moment of flexure to the strip concrete sample;
(C) can put into actual environment or simulated environment and carry out concrete durability experiment.
2. the long-term charger of concrete sample endurancing according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: utilize spring large deformation, large stress to provide long-term sustaining load to concrete sample.
3. the long-term charger of concrete sample endurancing according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: pressurization autonomous device characteristic has the ability that the larger pressure load of concrete sample is provided, and principle of work is as follows:
(A) structure belongs to class " piston structure system ";
(B) concrete sample is put into outer steel shell, loaded by external force and make slide bolt promotion iron and steel sliding panel, extruded concrete test specimen, butterfly spring generation compression deformation.
The external world establishes device for measuring force when (C) afterburning, stops to load when specifying size when power reaches, and the counter-force nut is outwards tightened, and the device for measuring force reading is changed.External force complete discharge this moment.
The sensor reading and the reaction frame that sufficient intensity, rigidity can be provided that need corresponding range when (D) structure being applied external force.
4. the long-term charger of concrete sample endurancing according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: add curved autonomous device characteristic and have the ability that the concrete sample moment load is provided, principle of work is as follows:
(A) structure loads by the nut that passes on the strip concrete sample two ends screw rod;
Box out in pairs in a distance, distance termination when (B) the strip concrete sample needs moulding, in order to intert afterburning screw rod;
(C) the concrete sample mould carries out special processing and fabricating, and every mold comprises two die trials, stays twelve punch y, reinforcing bar position, builds frontly to pass simultaneously two each terminations of die trial with pvc pipe and leave a blank, and inserts corresponding reinforcing bar in the reinforcing bar position;
Body screw and force cell connect by auxiliary screw rod and reaction frame when (D) loading, tightening an end nut loads, body screw and sensor are simultaneously stressed, be added to the target load, by the conversion nut between sensor and the body screw power is transferred on the body screw fully from sensor and reaction frame, namely finished the loading to structure.
(E) have stage clip on the body screw, stage clip produces certain decrement during the rotating nut compression.
5. the long-term charger of concrete sample endurancing according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: device can be put into abominable corrosion environment test and have the ability of load long term maintenance, and is specific as follows:
(A) pressue device with add the high size of bending apparatus structure length and width all in 50～60cm, weight makes things convenient for moved by hand and installation less than 30Kg;
(B) constructional device is coated heavy-duty antiseptic paint, can resist the erosion of various ions under abominable corrosion environment;
(C) butterfly spring, the relatively large deformability of stage clip can be resisted various disturbance factors and stress relaxation.
6. the long-term charger of concrete sample endurancing according to claim 3 system is characterized in that: pressurization autonomous device a period of time after having applied load can be carried out load and measured, and particular content is as follows:
(A) bar structure device, sensor and lifting jack are put back in the counter-force frame-saw, and be afterburning with lifting jack;
(B) the sensor extruding reading that is subject to lifting jack begins to show force value, until stop pressurization can easily turn the counter-force nut time, keeps this state;
(C) screw back the counter-force nut to not being subjected to any counter-force state, the read sensor reading is pressue device reservation this moment force value size.
7. the long-term charger of concrete sample endurancing according to claim 4 system is characterized in that: adding curved autonomous device a period of time after having applied load can carry out load and measure, and particular content is as follows:
(A) bar structure device, sensor, auxiliary screw rod and reaction frame are put back to by original position again, and install;
(B) turn the conversion nut to the position that thoroughly do not stress, the read sensor reading is and adds at this moment bending apparatus load value.
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