CN102997265B - The sink temperature control method of flue gas waste heat recovery equipment and device - Google Patents

The sink temperature control method of flue gas waste heat recovery equipment and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102997265B
CN102997265B CN201210520033.XA CN201210520033A CN102997265B CN 102997265 B CN102997265 B CN 102997265B CN 201210520033 A CN201210520033 A CN 201210520033A CN 102997265 B CN102997265 B CN 102997265B
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temperature
temperature sensor
fuzzy
mixing tank
water
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CN102997265A (en
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孙淮林
赵强
吕宁
朱和锦
黄从智
郑丽平
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Guangdong China Energy-Saving & Environment Protection Co Ltd
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Guangdong China Energy-Saving & Environment Protection Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Abstract

The sink temperature control method of flue gas waste heat recovery apparatus of the present invention mainly comprises parameter acquisition, data processing, fuzzy reasoning, controlled quentity controlled variable output and controls the steps such as execution.By in flue gas heat-recovering device, cold water temperature, hot water temperature, mixing tank temperature, heat exchange wall surface temperature, the parameters such as exit gas temperature gather, calculate and change ec with the temperature error e of benchmark design temperature and temperature difference, then controling parameters is obtained by fuzzy reasoning, and move adjusting actuator by this state modulator low-temperature receiver water power, recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator, achieve and sink temperature is regulated, the present invention sets up fuzzy rule according to system real-time identification, adopt advanced fuzzy prediction method, the effective deviation to controlled volume, size variation, direction, and time relationship carries out precompensation, thus prevent less stress or toning, improve the Great inertia of controlled process and large time delay amount to the impact of control system performance, improve Control platform.

Description

The sink temperature control method of flue gas waste heat recovery equipment and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste heat recovery field, a kind ofly can clamp down on sink temperature control method and the device of the flue gas waste heat recovery equipment of lowermost wall surface temperature on acid dew point, in limits of single-stage or multistage cold junction from motion tracking.
Background technology
Boiler dispatches from the factory the exhaust gas temperature of design and running, and the ratio accounting for boiler heat loss is very large, makes full use of smoke discharging residual heat, not only meets energy-saving and emission-reduction policy requirements, also can reduce simultaneously enterprise with can cost.
Current fume afterheat utilizes equipment to be little by little commercially used.Waste heat technology in flue gas can be divided into direct heat transfer mode and indirect heat exchange two kinds of modes.
(1) take low-pressure coal saver as the direct heat transfer of representative, structure is simple, heat exchange efficiency is higher, but there is the thermograde between heat exchange tube wall, thus it is upper and lower to cross over acid dew point, easily forms corrosion and the dust stratification of heat exchange tube wall.For avoiding corrosion, people are by improving low-temperature receiver aspect or material aspect, overall low-temperature receiver is heated up, allow replace tubes wall temperature control more than acid dew point as far as possible, avoid corrosion region, as " low-pressure coal saver with automatic temperature control system ", " generator set low-pressure economizer optimizing system " of CN20173147U, " the anticorrosion energy-saving boiler flue gas residual heat using device " of CN201028791Y of patent CN201764488, all refer to wall temperature and control.Existing low-pressure coal saver has accessed Outer Tube water distribution at lower collecting box first row tube side, because of the finite capacity of the water yield in pipeline be conditioned, in addition the external world can provide metastable heat source temperature to be limited in scope, the result of cold and heat source temperature dynamic change, objectively result in wall temperature change cannot meet all the time higher than the realization of the control strategy of acid dew point, after running some periods, appearance point corrodes, and brings hidden danger, also reduce the economy of equipment investment to production safety.
(2) with the indirect heat exchange technology that heat exchange of heat pipe and phase-change heat-exchanger are representative, solve the problem of wall temperature corrosion, as " the medium heat exchange device of shunting mixing temperature adjustment ", " separated composite phase-change heat-exchanger " of 01254156.7, " complex phase-change heat exchanger " of 92102776 etc. of patent CN2555468Y.But total rate of heat transfer is more relatively low than direct heat transfer, and under the condition waiting wall temperature, its cooling extent is limited, because structure is special, also there is the constraint that installation site is limited.
To sum up, no matter be direct heat transfer and indirect heat exchange equipment, most device all needs to regulate low-temperature receiver water temperature or flow, to keep the wall temperature of heat exchanger on acid dew point.But because waste heat recovery apparatus heat transfer temperature difference is little, cause rate of heat transfer slow, the low-temperature receiver regulated and the time lag of flue gas heat exchange, belong to typical Great inertia humidity control system.For this Great inertia humidity control system, its temperature controlled difficult point is the uncertainty controlling timeliness.Be embodied in: in traditional control system, after control instruction is assigned, a sink temperature regulating cycle not yet terminates or is not also had enough time to respond by control object, system running environment just may there occurs change again, after now control system collects new running parameter, new control instruction can be sent again, thus cause the vibration of system indefinite, its wall temperature is made to produce the fluctuation of certain amplitude, setting value can not be reached in a period of time, namely cannot maintain its wall temperature to be on acid dew point always, be difficult to the control effects desired by obtaining.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency existing for sink temperature in traditional PID control flue gas waste heat recovery equipment, the sink temperature of a kind of Great inertia that can effectively solve in flue gas waste heat recovery equipment, large time delay amount is provided to regulate a difficult problem, ensure that the dynamic change of sink temperature is floated on acid dew point, not only fundamentally improve the reliability of waste heat utilization equipment, but also improve the energy saving space to greatest extent.
The sink temperature control method of flue gas waste heat recovery equipment of the present invention mainly comprises parameter acquisition, data processing, fuzzy reasoning, controlled quentity controlled variable output and controls the steps such as execution.By in flue gas waste heat recovery equipment, cold water temperature, hot water temperature, mixing tank temperature, heat exchange wall surface temperature, these five parameters of exit gas temperature gather, calculate and change ec with the temperature error e of benchmark design temperature and temperature difference, then controling parameters is obtained by fuzzy reasoning, and move adjusting actuator, recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator by this state modulator low-temperature receiver water power, achieve and regulate sink temperature, concrete grammar is as follows:
Step one: parameter acquisition, is gathered by the cold water temperature in the temperature sensor heat exchanger be arranged in flue gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger, hot water temperature, mixing water the temperature inside the box, heat exchanger tube wall temperature, these five parameters of flue-gas temperature;
Step 2: data processing unit calculates according to the parameter gathered in step one and changes ec with the temperature error e of benchmark design temperature and temperature difference thereof, and temperature error e and temperature difference change ec is delivered in fuzzy controller, the expression formula of temperature error e and temperature difference change ec is: e (k)=r (k)-y (k)
ec(k)＝e(k)-e(k-1)
In formula:
R (k) is the setting value of heat exchanger heat exchange wall temperature control k sampling instant;
Y (k) is the sampled value of heat exchanger heat exchange wall temperature control k sampling instant;
E (k) is the temperature error of a kth sampling instant;
The temperature error that e (k-1) is kth-1 sampling instant;
The temperature error that ec (k) is a kth sampling instant changes.
Then e (k), ec (k) are normalized within domain [-3,3] and carry out obfuscation;
Step 3: fuzzy reasoning, inputs fuzzy controller calculate calculating temperature error e that gained arrives and temperature difference change ec in step 2, draw and obtain controling parameters Δ K p, Δ K iwith Δ K d, its computational process is as follows:
First e and ec is substituted into following formulae discovery,
u ( k ) = u ( k - 1 ) + K p e ( k ) + K i h Σ j = 0 k e ( j ) + K d e ( k ) - e ( k - 1 ) h
By the K drawn through above-mentioned formulae discovery p, K i, K d,, via
K p = K p 0 + ΔK p ;
K i = K i 0 + ΔK i ;
K d = K d 0 + ΔK d ;
Calculate Δ K p, Δ K iwith Δ K d;
In formula:
H is the sampling period;
K is kth sampling instant,
U (k) is kth sampling instant control output order, the i.e. output order of current time;
U (k-1) is kth-1 sampling instant control output order, the output order in moment namely;
K pfor proportionality coefficient, effect is the response speed of quickening system, improves the degree of regulation of system, K plarger, the response speed of system is faster, and the degree of regulation of system is higher, if but cross conference generation overshoot, system even can be caused unstable.Value is too small, then can reduce degree of regulation, makes response speed slow, thus extends regulating time;
K ifor integral action coefficient, effect is the steady-state error of elimination system.K ilarger, the static error of system is eliminated faster, if but excessive, the response initial stage can produce saturation integral phenomenon, causes response process overshoot, makes systematic static error be difficult to eliminate, the degree of regulation of influential system if cross young pathbreaker;
K dfor derivative coefficient, effect is the dynamic characteristic of improvement system, suppresses deviation to the change in any direction, forecast in advance change of error in response process.Crossing conference makes response process brake in advance, extends regulating time, reduces the interference free performance of system;
Δ K p0for scale parameter initial value;
Δ K i0for integral parameter initial value;
Δ K d0for differential parameter initial value;
Δ K p0, Δ K i0with Δ K d0the defining method of the initial value of these three parameters is, first artificial to the coarse adjustment of PID initial parameter, start adoption rate PI droop control, adding integration non differential regulation link until use differentiation element to adjust to eliminate steady-state error, obtaining controlling initial parameter.
Step 4: controlled quentity controlled variable exports.Fuzzy controller is according to control coefrficient Δ Kp 0, Δ K i0with Δ K d0fuzzy output is 7 states, be respectively PB, PM, PS, 0, NS, NM, NB}, the fuzzy domain of its correspondence be 1,0.6,0.2,0 ,-0.2 ,-0.6 ,-1}, obtain controling parameters K p, K iand K d, and the control coefrficient obtained is delivered in PID controller;
Step 5: control to perform an action.PID controller controls the opening and closing that low-temperature receiver water power moves adjusting actuator and recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator according to obtained control coefrficient.
In order to realize said method, device of the present invention includes fuzzy controller, PID controller, hot water temperature sensor, cold water temperature sensor, heat exchange wall temperature sensor, flue-gas temperature sensor, mixing tank temperature sensor, low-temperature receiver water power move adjusting actuator and recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator;
Hot water temperature sensor is arranged in the boiler in heat exchanger;
Cold water temperature sensor is arranged on mixing tank entrance water pipe;
Heat exchange wall temperature sensor is arranged on the heat exchange tube wall of heat exchanger;
Flue-gas temperature sensor is arranged in heat exchanger exit flue;
Mixing tank temperature sensor is arranged in mixing tank;
Low-temperature receiver water power moves adjusting actuator and is arranged on the entrance water pipe of mixing tank;
Cocurrent flow water power moves adjusting actuator and is arranged on the reflux heat waterpipe of mixing tank;
Hot water temperature sensor, cold water temperature sensor, mixing tank temperature sensor, tube wall temperature sensor and exit gas temperature sensor are connected with fuzzy controller respectively by data cable;
Fuzzy controller is connected with PID controller by data cable;
PID controller moves adjusting actuator with low-temperature receiver water power respectively by signal cable and recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator is connected.
The present invention compared with prior art, it is advantageous that: set up fuzzy rule according to system real-time identification, adopt advanced fuzzy prediction method, use the backpropagation identification algorithm of artificial neural network, and MAX-MIN algorithm, to the prediction of process output in future, the effective deviation to controlled volume, size variation, direction, and time relationship carries out precompensation, thus prevent less stress or toning, improve the Great inertia of controlled process and large time delay amount to the impact of control system performance, improve Control platform.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is workflow schematic diagram of the present invention, is also summary figure.
Accompanying drawing 2 is that the sink temperature of flue gas waste heat recovery equipment controls dress unit connection block diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Understand the present invention for convenience, now for an embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Step one: parameter acquisition, is gathered by the low-temperature receiver coolant-temperature gage in the cold water temperature in the temperature sensor heat exchanger be arranged in heat exchanger, hot water temperature, mixing tank, heat exchanger heat exchange wall temperature, these five parameters of flue-gas temperature;
Step 2: data cell, temperature error e and temperature difference change ec is calculated according to the parameter gathered in step one, and temperature error e and temperature difference change ec is delivered in fuzzy controller, the relational expression of temperature error e and temperature difference change ec is: e (k)=r (k)-y (k)
ec(k)＝e(k)-e(k-1)
The same text of symbolic significance in formula.
Step 3: fuzzy reasoning, inputs fuzzy controller calculate calculating temperature error e that gained arrives and temperature difference change ec in step 2, draw and obtain controling parameters Δ K p, Δ K iwith Δ K d, the same text of individual symbolic significance.
K p0, K i0, K d0, represent the initial value of these three parameters, Δ K respectively p, Δ K iwith Δ K dthen calculated by fuzzy reasoning;
K p0, K i0, K d0initial value, adopts parameter tuning method.Selected Z-N parameter tuning, parameter value can calculate by one group of empirical equation.For the system that controlled device is the first order inertial loop that band postpones, transfer function expression formula is:
G ( s ) = K Ts + 1 e - τs
Kp K I K p
P T/Kτ
PI 0.9T/Kτ 3.3τ
PID 1.2T/Kτ 2.2τ 0.5τ
The controlled wall temperature of heat transfer process of known flue gas waste heat recovery equipment is the inertial element that a band postpones, and its transfer function is:
G 0 ( s ) = 8 360 s + 1 e - 180 s
In object, K=8, T=360, τ=180, adopt PID controller, the third line according to Z-N tuning formulae calculates: K p=1.2T/K/ τ=0.3, K i=2.2 τ=396.0, K d=0.5 τ=90;
Step 4: controlled quentity controlled variable exports.Fuzzy controller is according to control coefrficient Δ K p0, Δ K i0with Δ K d0fuzzy output is 7 states, be respectively PB, PM, PS, 0, NS, NM, NB}, the fuzzy domain of its correspondence be 1,0.6,0.2,0 ,-0.2 ,-0.6 ,-1}, obtain controling parameters K p, K iand K d, and the control coefrficient obtained is delivered in PID controller;
Step 5: control to perform an action.PID controller controls the opening and closing that low-temperature receiver water power moves adjusting actuator and recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator according to obtained control coefrficient.
In order to realize said method, device of the present invention includes fuzzy controller, PID controller, hot water temperature sensor, cold water temperature sensor, heat exchange wall temperature sensor, flue-gas temperature sensor, mixing tank temperature sensor, low-temperature receiver water power move adjusting actuator and recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator;
Hot water temperature sensor is arranged in the boiler in heat exchanger;
Cold water temperature sensor is arranged on mixing tank entrance water pipe;
Heat exchange wall temperature sensor is arranged on the heat exchange tube wall of heat exchanger;
Flue-gas temperature sensor is arranged in heat exchanger exit flue;
Mixing tank temperature sensor is arranged in mixing tank;
Low-temperature receiver water power moves adjusting actuator and is arranged on the entrance water pipe of mixing tank;
Recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator is arranged on the reflux heat waterpipe of mixing tank;
Hot water temperature sensor, cold water temperature sensor, mixing tank temperature sensor, tube wall temperature sensor and exit gas temperature sensor are connected with fuzzy controller respectively by data cable;
Fuzzy controller is connected with PID controller by data cable;
PID controller moves adjusting actuator with low-temperature receiver water power respectively by signal cable and recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator is connected.
Above embodiment is optimal enforcement of the present invention example, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be revised as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, but any amendment allly do not depart from the technology of the present invention methodological principle and content, doing according to technical spirit of the present invention to above embodiment, equivalent variations and correction, all still belong in the scope of the technology of the present invention method.

Claims (2)

1. a sink temperature control method for flue gas waste heat recoverer, comprise parameter acquisition, data processing, fuzzy reasoning, controlled quentity controlled variable exports and control performs five steps, concrete grammar is as follows:
Step one: parameter acquisition, is gathered by the cold water temperature in the temperature sensor heat exchanger be arranged in heat exchanger, hot water temperature, mixing water the temperature inside the box, heat exchanger tube wall temperature, these five parameters of flue-gas temperature;
Step 2: data processing unit calculates according to the parameter gathered in step one and changes ec with the temperature error e of benchmark design temperature and temperature difference thereof, and temperature error e and temperature difference change ec is delivered in fuzzy controller, the expression formula of temperature error e and temperature difference change ec is:
e(k)＝r(k)-y(k)
ec(k)＝e(k)-e(k-1)
Then e (k), ec (k) are normalized within domain [-3,3] and carry out obfuscation;
Step 3: fuzzy reasoning, inputs fuzzy controller calculate calculating temperature error e that gained arrives and temperature difference change ec in step 2, draw and obtain controling parameters Δ K p, Δ K iwith Δ K d, its computational process is as follows:
First e and ec is substituted into following formulae discovery,
u ( k ) = u ( k - 1 ) + K p e ( k ) + K i h Σ j = 0 k e ( j ) + K d e ( k ) - e ( k - 1 ) h
By the K drawn through above-mentioned formulae discovery p, K i, K d,, via
K p = K p 0 + Δ K p ;
K i = K i 0 + Δ K i ;
K d = K d 0 + Δ K d ;
Calculate Δ K p, Δ K iwith Δ K d;
Step 4: controlled quentity controlled variable exports;
Fuzzy controller is according to control coefrficient Δ K p0, Δ K i0with Δ K d0fuzzy output is 7 states, be respectively PB, PM, PS, 0, NS, NM, NB}, the fuzzy domain of its correspondence be 1,0.6,0.2,0 ,-0.2 ,-0.6 ,-1}, obtain controling parameters K p, K iand K d, and the control coefrficient obtained is delivered in PID controller;
Step 5: control to perform an action.
2. one kind realizes the device of the sink temperature control method of flue gas waste heat recoverer according to claim 1, include fuzzy controller, PID controller, hot water temperature sensor, cold water temperature sensor, heat exchange wall temperature sensor, flue-gas temperature sensor, mixing tank temperature sensor, low-temperature receiver water power move adjusting actuator and recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator, it is characterized in that: hot water temperature sensor is arranged in the boiler in heat exchanger; Cold water temperature sensor is arranged on mixing tank entrance water pipe; Heat exchange wall temperature sensor is arranged on the heat exchange tube wall of heat exchanger; Flue-gas temperature sensor is arranged in heat exchanger exit flue; Mixing tank temperature sensor is arranged in mixing tank; Low-temperature receiver water power moves adjusting actuator and is arranged on the entrance water pipe of mixing tank; Recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator is arranged on the reflux heat waterpipe of mixing tank; Hot water temperature sensor, cold water temperature sensor, mixing tank temperature sensor, heat exchange wall temperature sensor and flue-gas temperature sensor are connected with fuzzy controller respectively by data cable; Fuzzy controller is connected with PID controller by data cable; PID controller moves adjusting actuator with low-temperature receiver water power respectively by signal cable and recirculation water motorized adjustment actuator is connected.
CN201210520033.XA 2012-12-07 2012-12-07 The sink temperature control method of flue gas waste heat recovery equipment and device Expired - Fee Related CN102997265B (en)

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