CN102992559B - Method for comprehensively utilizing anaerobic digestion and carbonization of municipal sludge - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively utilizing anaerobic digestion and carbonization of municipal sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN102992559B CN102992559B CN2012105238873A CN201210523887A CN102992559B CN 102992559 B CN102992559 B CN 102992559B CN 2012105238873 A CN2012105238873 A CN 2012105238873A CN 201210523887 A CN201210523887 A CN 201210523887A CN 102992559 B CN102992559 B CN 102992559B
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for comprehensively utilizing the anaerobic digestion and carbonization of municipal sludge. The method for comprehensively utilizing the anaerobic digestion and carbonization of the municipal sludge comprises the following steps: conditioning the sludge by adopting a physical or chemical or physicochemical method; then conveying into a Germany Lipp complete-mixing anaerobic digestion tank, controlling the temperature inside the Germany Lipp complete-mixing anaerobic digestion tank to 35-37 DEG C, and stirring the sludge inside the Germany Lipp complete-mixing anaerobic digestion tank to uniformly mix the sludge for anaerobic digestion treatment, so that an anaerobic digestion solution and a biogas containing 60%-70% of methane are generated; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the anaerobic digestion solution by adopting a rotational flow reactor to separate biogas residues with the water ratio of 50%-70%, and then directly mixing to the biogas residues with the water ratio of 20%-30% with wood chips or waste paper; and conveying into a high-temperature high-pressure internal heating type rotary furnace carbonization device to generate a carbonization gas and sludge biochar through anaerobic or oxygen-poor reaction. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of high biogas production efficiency, small size of the sludge biochar, convenience for transportation and storage and N, P, K nutritive element enrichment and is widely applied to the field of agriculture and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment project and field of ecological agricultural, relate to processing and the disposal of municipal sludge, specifically a kind of method of urban mud anaerobic digestion and carbonization comprehensive utilization.
Background technology
In recent years, under national energy-saving reduction of discharging and pro-active fiscal policy effect, town sewage is processed and is developed rapidly, and the Urban Water environmental improvement obtains remarkable effect, along with improving constantly of China's town sewage processing rate, the urban wastewater treatment firm sludge yield also sharply increases.2009,1992 of the urban wastewater treatment firms put into operation in the whole nation, the amount of disposing of sewage 28,000,000,000 m
3, the mud of generation water ratio 80% is 2,005 ten thousand t approximately, and along with the increase of the level of urbanization and sewage load, sludge quantity will be broken through 3,000 ten thousand t very soon.According to incompletely statistics, current national urban wastewater treatment firm mud only has small portion to carry out treatment and disposal in various degree, and major part is not carried out normalized processing disposal.Mud contains the hazardous and noxious substances such as pathogenic agent, heavy metal and persistent organism, water ratio is very high, without effectively processing and dispose, very easily underground water, soil etc. is caused to secondary pollution, direct threatening environment safety and public health, the environmental benefit of sewage treatment facility is reduced greatly, affect the positively effect that national energy-saving reduces discharging strategy implementation.
The processing of domestic city mud at present mainly adopts landfill, anhydration and incineration, as modes such as agriculture fertilizer, processes and dispose; Landfill mud need to take a large amount of agricultural arable lands; The anhydration and incineration of mud, the ubiquity construction investment is large, and the problem that working cost is high is difficult to support economically.Compare above treatment process, adopt anaerobic digestion techniques not only can realize the minimizing of mud, innoxious, stabilization and resource utilization; Mud is after anaerobic digestion, and volume reduces 50% left and right, can realize minimizing; After mesophilic digestion, the unwanted bacteria in mud obtains a large amount of eliminations, can realize innoxious and stabilization; The biogas that anaerobic digestion produces can be for fuel and generating, and the energy consumption of compensation water factory, be industry energy conservation 30%, is one of at present the most feasible sludge treatment technique, can realize resource utilization and energy-saving.
But the current sludge anaerobic treatment process used, exist state of the art low, sludge treatment weak effect, the low series of problems that waits of biogas utilization rate.And the sludge anaerobic treatment process, except producing biogas, also can produce the natural pond slag; Slag disposing technique most of composting technology that adopts in existing natural pond prepares fertilizer, but this technique needs a large amount of land resources, and in developed regions, application is restricted.
Country's " " 12 " energy-conserving and environment-protective industrial development planning " environmental protection industry gordian technique & Mud technology emphasis is to process disposal technology for farmland, burning and production building material product etc. after anaerobic sludge digestion or aerobic fermentation, the anaerobism effect process of mud, in the requirement of " urban wastewater treatment firm & Mud and pollution prevention technique policy ", proposes the principle that China's & Mud should meet " safety and environmental protection, recycle, save energy and reduce the cost, suit measures to local conditions, safe reliable ".Wherein recycle and energy-saving and cost-reducing bring forward respectively energy and the encouragement of reclaiming in mud by anaerobic digestion techniques and utilize biogas heat energy, rubbish and the sludge incineration waste heat produced in the anaerobic sludge digestion process.Therefore, it is the most important thing of current & Mud that Anaerobic Digestion is disposed, and does not have at present a kind of method of comprehensive utilization of applicable sludge treatment.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is urban mud anaerobic digestion and carbonizing treatment, produce biogas and prepare the mud carbide, realize minimizing, energy, the Fertilizer Transformed of mud, finally reach the urban mud anaerobic digestion of comprehensive utilization of resources of mud and the method for carbonization comprehensive utilization.
The method of described a kind of urban mud anaerobic digestion and carbonization comprehensive utilization, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described technique are as follows successively:
(1) sludge conditioning: adopt physical method or chemical process or first adopt physical method to adopt again chemical process to be nursed one's health mud, making that moisture percentage in sewage sludge after conditioning is 90～92%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10～20, pH is 6.5～7.5;
(2) the complete mixing anaerobic digestion of mud: will be transported to complete mixing anaerobic digester by satisfactory mud after step (1) conditioning, the complete mixing anaerobic digester here adopts German Lipp anaerobic digestor (being called for short German sharp Pu tank), the temperature of controlling in complete mixing anaerobic digester is 35～37 ℃, and regulate and control the interior local temperature difference of complete mixing anaerobic digester at ± 0.5 ℃, then pass through pneumatic stirring, or intermittent type mechanical stirs, or carry out pneumatic stirring and intermittent type mechanical simultaneously and stir the mud made in tank and mix, after carrying out Anaerobic Digestion 15-20 days, produce anaerobic digestion solution and containing the biogas of methane 60～70%, by the existing dehydration of the process of the biogas containing methane 60～70% of producing, after desulfurization and carbonization treatment, collect in tank for sewage gas standby, in anaerobic digestion process: described pneumatic stirring is to adopt biogas return stirring mode, identical with existing methane-generating pit pneumatic stirring mode, first the biogas of the generation in tank is extracted out outside tank, by gas diffusion tube, from pot bottom, pour in tank after compression, produce stronger gas backstreaming, thereby reach the purpose that stirs feed liquid, it is the alr mode that adopts intermittent type mechanical whipping appts that rotating speed is 10～60r/min to carry out that described intermittent type mechanical stirs,
(3) Digestive system solid-liquid separation: adopt Cyclonic reactor to carry out solid-liquid separation to the anaerobic digestion solution produced in step (2), isolate the natural pond slag of water ratio 50～70%, natural pond liquid after separation is as the raw material of fertilizer, or qualified discharge or comprehensive utilization after the bio-oxidation pond art breading;
(4) natural pond slag carbonizing treatment: adopting wood chip or waste paper is that 1: 3～10 ratios directly are mixed to get the natural pond slag that water ratio is 20～30% with water ratio 50～70% natural pond slags that separate in step (3) according to mass ratio, the natural pond slag that is 20～30% by water ratio again is transported in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant, anaerobism or hypoxia response 10～20min, produce carbonization gas and sludge organism carbon, the carbonization gas wherein produced after the reaction directly is conveyed in the combustion chamber of High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant to burn away provides heat for carburizing reagent; In reaction process: the temperature of reaction in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant is that 600～800 ℃, pressure are 15.0～16.0Mpa.
The conditioning of physics described in step (1) is to add wood chip or waste paper in mud, and make mud and wood chip or waste paper according to mass ratio 10～500: 1 ratio is mixed; Described chemical conditioning is to add several following materials of measuring arbitrarily in the mud through after physics conditioning: 10.0～100.0mg/L chitosan, 1.0～10.0mg/L polyacrylamide and 20.0～150.0mg/L calcium hydroxide make the pH of mud reach 6.5～7.5.
The complete mixing anaerobic digestion of the mud described in step (2), in the mixing anaerobic digester, carrying out fully, described complete mixing anaerobic digester tank body adopts three-decker to form, outer is that compound flaggy, middle layer are that thermal insulation layer, internal layer are the stainless steel clad plate layer, in the mixing anaerobic digester, Pneumatic mixing device, intermittent type mechanical whipping appts and constant temperature fuzzy regulation system are set fully, described Pneumatic mixing device, intermittent type mechanical whipping appts and constant temperature fuzzy regulation system all adopt existing technology and device.
Natural pond slag carbonizing treatment described in step (4) is carried out at High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant, this carbonizing plant comprises inner converter, intermediate combustion chamber and outer hull, the natural pond slag is delivered in the burner hearth of inner converter, adopt the reaction of electrically heated Starting mode high temperature cabonization, Formed oxidizing gases and biological carbon product; The carbonization gas produced is ejected in combustion chamber and burns by spraying technique, for natural pond slag in converter carries out carburizing reagent, provides heat.
Biological carbon particle diameter 0.5～1.0mm, the water ratio of preparation are 5～10% in step (4), filling proportion is 0.50～0.55g/cm
3, contain N, P, K element.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: 1. the mud in the present invention, after physics or chemistry or physics and chemistry mixing conditioning, enters in complete mixing anaerobic retort and carries out anaerobic digestion; It is short that the complete mixing anaerobic retort of Germany Li Pu has the construction period, insulation and favorable anti-corrosion effect, the characteristics such as gas producing efficiency high (gas production rate can improve 5.0～15.0%); The biogas produced prepares Sweet natural gas after dehydration desulfurization and decarburization art breading, and the natural gas methane content of preparation, up to more than 98.0%, can be used for fuel, generating and vehicle mounted gas etc.;
2. the natural pond liquid part after carrying out anaerobic digestion in complete mixing anaerobic retort can be for the production of the raw material of fertilizer, and the liquid fertilizer of preparation can be used for agriculture machine plant husbandry, can be agricultural produce 20%; Qualified discharge or comprehensive utilization after some employing bio-oxidation pond art breading;
3. the natural pond slag after separating directly is prepared into sludge organism carbon through natural pond slag carbonizing plant, and sludge organism carbon can be used for agricultural fertilizer, material for water treatment and soil improvement material etc.
The anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge of the present invention and the comprehensive utilization of carbonizing treatment, can realize minimizing, energy, Fertilizer Transformed and the resource utilization of municipal sludge, biogas production efficiency is high, Ye He natural pond, the natural pond slag produced can well be processed or again utilize, adopt complete mixing anaerobic digestion techniques to carry out the sludge anaerobic processing, its gas production rate exceeds 5%～15% than general anaerobic digestion techniques; Adopt the internal heat type carbonizing apparatus to dispose the natural pond slag and prepare biological activated carbon, the processing unit floor space is little, and energy consumption is low; The bioactive carbon volume of producing is little, convenient transportation and storage; And be rich in N, P, K nutritive element, be widely used in the fields such as agricultural.
The accompanying drawing specification sheets
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.In following examples, the device of main use has German sharp Pu tank, High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant and Cyclonic reactor, the tank body of described Germany sharp Pu tank adopts three-decker, outer is that compound flaggy, middle layer are that thermal insulation layer, internal layer are the stainless steel clad plate layer, be provided with Pneumatic mixing device, intermittent type mechanical whipping appts and constant temperature fuzzy regulation system in Germany's sharp Pu tank, these devices all adopt existing technology; Described High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant comprises inner converter, intermediate combustion chamber and outer hull, and adopts the reaction of electrically heated Starting mode high temperature cabonization; Described Cyclonic reactor adopts existing cyclone separator.
Embodiment mono-:
The concrete steps of a kind of method of urban mud anaerobic digestion and carbonization comprehensive utilization are as follows successively:
(1) sludge conditioning: first adopt ratio that physics conditioning is 300: 1 with wood chip according to mass ratio by mud to be mixed and stir evenly, then add respectively 50.0mg/L chitosan, 3.0mg/L polyacrylamide and 150.0mg/L calcium hydroxide, make that moisture percentage in sewage sludge after conditioning is 90%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 15, pH is 6.8;
(2) the complete mixing anaerobic digestion of mud: will be transported in the tank of German sharp Pu by satisfactory mud after step (1) conditioning, the temperature of controlling in the tank of German sharp Pu by constant temperature fuzzy regulation system is 35 ℃, and adjust tank interior local temperature difference in German sharp Pu at ± 0.5 ℃, then by being arranged on the intermittent type mechanical whipping appts that in the tank of German sharp Pu, rotating speed is 10～60r/min, the mud in tank is stirred, the biogas that Anaerobic Digestion is carried out producing afterwards anaerobic digestion solution in 15 days and contained methane 60%, will be containing the biogas of 60% methane after biogas dehydration and biogas desulfurization processing, be stored in the biogas hold-up vessel, for generating, for plant area,
(3) Digestive system solid-liquid separation: will adopt Cyclonic reactor to carry out solid-liquid separation to the anaerobic digestion solution produced in step (2), and isolate the natural pond slag of water ratio 60%, the natural pond liquid after separation is as the raw material of fertilizer;
(4) natural pond slag carbonizing treatment: the water ratio 60% natural pond slag separated in employing wood chip and step (3) directly is mixed to get according to the ratio of 1: 4 the natural pond slag that water ratio is 20%, the natural pond slag that is 20% by water ratio again is transported in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant, anaerobism or hypoxia response 10min, produce carbonization gas and sludge organism carbon, the carbonization gas wherein produced after the reaction is directly sent in the combustion chamber of High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant to burn away by pipeline provides heat for carburizing reagent; In reaction process: the temperature of reaction in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant is that 800 ℃, pressure are 16Mpa.
By sludge organism carbon granules footpath 0.5mm, the water ratio of implementing a generation be 8%, filling proportion is 0.55g/cm
3, can be used for water treatment filter material.
Embodiment bis-:
The concrete steps of a kind of method of urban mud anaerobic digestion and carbonization comprehensive utilization are as follows successively:
(1) sludge conditioning: add respectively 20mg/L chitosan and 150.0mg/L calcium hydroxide, make that moisture percentage in sewage sludge after conditioning is 91%, pH is 7.0, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 12.
(2) the complete mixing anaerobic digestion of mud: will be transported in the tank of German sharp Pu by satisfactory mud after step (1) conditioning, the temperature of controlling in the tank of German sharp Pu by constant temperature fuzzy regulation system is 36 ℃, and regulate and control the interior local temperature difference of German sharp Pu tank at ± 0.5 ℃, then by being arranged on Pneumatic mixing device in the tank of German sharp Pu, mud in tank is carried out to pneumatic stirring, Anaerobic Digestion produces anaerobic digestion solution in 20 days and contains the biogas of methane 65%, will be containing the biogas of 65% methane after biogas dehydration and biogas desulfurization processing, be stored in the biogas hold-up vessel, for generating, the residual heat recovery boiler is for the sludge pretreatment heating,
(3) Digestive system solid-liquid separation: will adopt Cyclonic reactor to carry out solid-liquid separation to the anaerobic digestion solution produced in step (2), and isolate the natural pond slag of water ratio 68%, the qualified discharge after the bio-oxidation pond art breading of the natural pond liquid after separation;
(4) natural pond slag carbonizing treatment: adopt waste paper directly to be mixed to get according to 1: 5 ratio the natural pond slag that water ratio is 25% with the water ratio 68% natural pond slag separated in step (3), the natural pond slag that is 25% by water ratio again is transported in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant, anaerobism or hypoxia response 15min, produce carbonization gas and sludge organism carbon, in reaction process: the temperature of reaction in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant is that 600 ℃, pressure are 15.0Mpa.
Sludge organism carbon granules footpath 0.80mm, the water ratio produced by embodiment bis-is 9.0%, filling proportion is 0.53g/cm
3, contain abundant N, P, K element, with the composite solid organic fertilizer for preparing of natural pond liquid.
Embodiment tri-:
The concrete steps of a kind of method of urban mud anaerobic digestion and carbonization comprehensive utilization are as follows successively:
(1) sludge conditioning: the ratio that the conditioning of employing physics is 200: 1 with wood chip according to mass ratio by mud is mixed to be stirred evenly, and the moisture percentage in sewage sludge after making to nurse one's health is 92%.
(2) the complete mixing anaerobic digestion of mud: will be transported in the tank of German sharp Pu by satisfactory mud after step (1) conditioning, the temperature of controlling in the tank of German sharp Pu by constant temperature fuzzy regulation system is 35.5 ℃, and regulate and control the interior local temperature difference of German sharp Pu tank at ± 0.5 ℃, then by being arranged on Pneumatic mixing device in the tank of German sharp Pu, mud in tank is carried out to the biogas stirring simultaneously with the intermittent type mechanical whipping appts and the intermittent type mechanical stirring makes the mud in tank carry out 20 days Anaerobic Digestion, produce anaerobic digestion solution and containing the biogas of methane 60%, to through biogas, dewater containing the biogas of 60% methane, after biogas desulfurization and biogas carbonization treatment, be stored in the biogas hold-up vessel, for vehicle mounted gas, in the Anaerobic Digestion process: described gas stirring is to adopt biogas return stirring mode, and it is the alr mode that adopts intermittent type mechanical whipping appts that rotating speed is 10～60r/min to carry out that intermittent type mechanical stirs,
(3) Digestive system solid-liquid separation: will adopt Cyclonic reactor to carry out solid-liquid separation to the anaerobic digestion solution produced in step (2), and isolate the natural pond slag of water ratio 55%, the natural pond liquid after separation is as the raw material of fertilizer;
(4) natural pond slag carbonizing treatment: adopt waste paper directly to be mixed to get according to 1: 3 ratio the natural pond slag that water ratio is 20% with the water ratio 55% natural pond slag separated in step (3), the natural pond slag that is 20% by water ratio again is transported in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant, anaerobism or hypoxia response 12min, produce carbonization gas and sludge organism carbon, the carbonization gas wherein produced after the reaction is directly sent in the combustion chamber of High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant to burn away by pipeline provides heat for carburizing reagent; In reaction process: the temperature of reaction in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant is that 750 ℃, pressure are 15Mpa.
Sludge organism carbon granules footpath 1.0mm, the water ratio produced by embodiment tri-is 10%, filling proportion is 0.50g/cm
3, for material of construction.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a urban mud anaerobic digestion and carbonization comprehensive utilization, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described technique are as follows successively:
(1) sludge conditioning: adopt physical method or chemical process or first adopt physical method to adopt again chemical process to be nursed one's health mud, making that moisture percentage in sewage sludge after conditioning is 90～92%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10～20, pH is 6.5～7.5; Wherein said physical method is to add wood chip or waste paper in mud, and its mud is mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 10～500:1 with wood chip or waste paper; Described chemical process is to add 10.0～100.0mg/L chitosan and 20.0～150.0mg/L calcium hydroxide in mud simultaneously, or add 10.0～100.0mg/L chitosan, 20.0～150.0mg/L calcium hydroxide and 1.0～10.0mg/L polyacrylamide simultaneously, make the pH of mud reach 6.5～7.5;
(2) the complete mixing anaerobic digestion of mud: will be transported in complete mixing anaerobic digester by satisfactory mud after step (1) conditioning, the temperature of controlling in complete mixing anaerobic digester is 35～37 ℃, and regulate and control the interior local temperature difference of complete mixing anaerobic digester at ± 0.5 ℃, then pass through pneumatic stirring, or intermittent type mechanical stirs, or carry out pneumatic stirring and intermittent type mechanical simultaneously and stir the mud made in tank and mix, after carrying out Anaerobic Digestion 15-20 days, produce anaerobic digestion solution and containing the biogas of methane 60～70%, by the existing dehydration of the process of the biogas containing methane 60～70% produced, after desulfurization and carbonization treatment, collect in tank for sewage gas standby, in anaerobic digestion process: described pneumatic stirring is to adopt the biogas alr mode, it is the alr mode that adopts intermittent type mechanical whipping appts that rotating speed is 10～60r/min to carry out that intermittent type mechanical stirs,
(3) Digestive system solid-liquid separation: adopt Cyclonic reactor to carry out solid-liquid separation to the anaerobic digestion solution produced in step (2), isolate the natural pond slag of water ratio 50～70%, natural pond liquid after separation is as the raw material of fertilizer, or qualified discharge and comprehensive utilization after the bio-oxidation pond art breading;
(4) natural pond slag carbonizing treatment: adopt wood chip or waste paper directly to be mixed to get according to mass ratio 1:3～10 ratios the natural pond slag that water ratio is 20～30% with water ratio 50～70% natural pond slags that separate in step (3), the natural pond slag that is 20～30% by water ratio again is transported in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant, anaerobism or hypoxia response 10～20min, produce carbonization gas and sludge organism carbon, the carbonization gas wherein produced after the reaction directly is transported in the combustion chamber of High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant and burns away by pipeline, for carburizing reagent provides heat; In reaction process: the temperature of reaction in High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant is that 600～800 ℃, pressure are 15.0～16.0Mpa.
2. the method that a kind of urban mud anaerobic digestion according to claim 1 and carbonization fully utilize, it is characterized in that: the complete mixing anaerobic digestion of the mud described in step (2) is being carried out in the mixing anaerobic digester fully, the tank body of described complete mixing anaerobic digester adopts three-decker to form, outer for compound flaggy, middle layer are that thermal insulation layer, internal layer are the stainless steel clad plate layer, in the mixing anaerobic digester, Pneumatic mixing device, intermittent type mechanical whipping appts and constant temperature fuzzy regulation system are set fully.
3. the method that a kind of urban mud anaerobic digestion according to claim 1 and carbonization fully utilize, it is characterized in that: the natural pond slag carbonizing treatment described in step (4) is carried out at High Temperature High Pressure internal heat type converter carbonizing plant, this carbonizing plant comprises inner converter, intermediate combustion chamber and outer hull, the natural pond slag is carried in the burner hearth of inner converter, adopt the reaction of electrically heated Starting mode high temperature cabonization, Formed oxidizing gases and biological carbon product; The carbonization gas produced is ejected in combustion chamber and burns by spraying technique, for natural pond slag in converter carries out carburizing reagent, provides heat.
4. the method for a kind of urban mud anaerobic digestion according to claim 1 and carbonization comprehensive utilization is characterized in that: in step (4), biological carbon particle diameter 0.5～1.0mm, the water ratio of preparation are 5～10%, filling proportion is 0.50～0.55g/cm
3, contain N, P, K element.
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