CN102974762A - Vacuum evanescent die casting process - Google Patents
Vacuum evanescent die casting process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102974762A CN102974762A CN2012105642373A CN201210564237A CN102974762A CN 102974762 A CN102974762 A CN 102974762A CN 2012105642373 A CN2012105642373 A CN 2012105642373A CN 201210564237 A CN201210564237 A CN 201210564237A CN 102974762 A CN102974762 A CN 102974762A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- bead
- eps
- casting
- coating
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000011324 beads Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011248 coating agents Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 240000007419 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixtures Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004033 plastics Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920003023 plastics Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation methods Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001338 liquidmetals Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metals Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particles Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005755 formation reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloys Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the casting technique of a kind of casting technique, particularly a kind of lost foam.
Background technology
Tradition sand casting flow process, to pass through modeling, manufacturing core box, arbor preparation, sprue gate preparation, join a series of technical process such as sand preparation, core sand preparation, sandbox preparation, coating preparation, coremaking moulding, mould assembling, cast, sand removal, polishing cast gate, chipping overlap, just can go out foundry goods.This processing step more complicated because the core combination can cause error in the technique, also will be processed burr and overlap after getting core, has increased the program of mechanical treatment, and the waste product that occurs now and then, and in addition, sand removal, polishing cause the pollution of environment more.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of defective that prior art exists of can overcoming, can simplify technique, raise the efficiency the technique of founding casing with vacuum with quality.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme of taking is: technique of founding casing with vacuum, and its processing step is characterised in that:
(1) bubble is moulded selecting of bead
Select the expandable polystyrene resin bead, be called for short EPS, bead characteristics: translucent bead, prefoam multiple 40 ~ 60, particle diameter is 0.18 ~ 0.80 millimeter, the particle diameter of the original bead of selecting be less than or equal to foundry goods minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) 1/9 ~ 1/10;
(2) modelling
Prefoam: method has three kinds: hot water prefoam, steam pre-foaming and vacuum pre expansion;
Slaking: be placed in the feed bin of drying, ventilation through the EPS of prefoam bead, remove the moisture of surface of beads, the curing time was at 8 ~ 48 hours;
Foaming: the EPS bead of prefoam and slaking is filled in the die cavity of metal die and heats, bead is reexpanded, fill up the space between bead, and make between bead and mutually merge, form smooth surface, i.e. model;
(3) model group composite variety
To process voluntarily or the bubble moulding model of outsourcing and the combination of dead head model are bonded together, formation model bunch, this combination is carried out before coating sometimes, carries out when sometimes burying the case moulding after the coating preparation;
(4) mould coatings
Cavityless casting bubble moulding model surface need be coated with the certain thickness coating of one deck, form the casting mold inner casing, paint specially for disappearing cast mold, add water and stir in mould wash mixer, make it obtain suitable viscosity, the coating after the stirring is put into container, with the method for soaking, brush, drenching and spraying model group is applied twice, making coating layer thickness is 0.5 ~ 2mm, selected according to varying in size of foundry goods alloy species, planform and size, and coating is 40 ~ 50 ℃ of lower oven dry;
(5) vibration molding
Comprise following operation: the casting bed preparation and---place EPS model---back-up sand---sealing typing
The casting bed preparation: will be placed on the shake table with the sandbox of aspirating chamber, and chucking, bed load is put in the bottom, and casting bed thickness is more than 50 ~ 100mm, and vibration ramming, molding sand are that binder free, nothing are dosed thing, water-free dried quartz sand;
Place the EPS model: behind the jolt ramming molding sand, place the EPS model group, and training sand is fixed;
Back-up sand: add dry sand, several sand methods that add impose vibration X, Y, three directions of Z simultaneously, the time
Between be 30 ~ 60 seconds;
The sealing typing: the sandbox surface seals with plastic sheeting, will be pumped into certain vacuum in the sandbox with vavuum pump, leans on the difference of atmospheric pressure and casting mold internal pressure with sand grains " bonding " together, keeps the casting-up process and does not collapse loose;
(6) cast displacement
The EPS model general about 80 ℃ softening, decompose in the time of 420 ~ 480 ℃, catabolite has gas, liquid and solid three parts, during the cavityless casting cast, under the heat effect of liquid metals, EPS model generation pyrolytic gasification, produce a large amount of gases, constantly by the coating molding sand, outwards discharging forms certain air pressure in casting mold, model and metal gap, liquid metals constantly occupies the EPS modal position, push ahead, the replacement process of liquid metals and EPS model occurs, the final formation foundry goods of displacement;
(7) cooling cleaning
After the cooling, sandbox tilted to hang out foundry goods or directly from sandbox, hang out foundry goods all can, foundry goods and dry sand natural separation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: lost foam casting is the new technology of a kind of Near net shape, precise forming, this technique need not delivery, without die joint, without core, thereby foundry goods does not have overlap, burr and pattern draft, and reduced owing to core makes up the scale error that causes, compare with traditional sand mould casting method, can reduce between 40% to 50% machining; Casting accuracy is high, can cast out by the combination of foamed plastics matrix the foundry goods of high complexity; Without the core in the conventional cast, therefore can not occur in traditional sand casting because of the inaccurate casting section thickness inequality that causes in the inaccurate or lower core position of core size; In the cleaner production molding sand without Chemical Felter, foamed plastics environmental sound under the low temperature, the old sand rate of recovery is more than 95%; Reduce investment and production cost, the weight that alleviates spray, machine-finish allowance is little, therefore, Technology of EPC meets the general trend of cast growth, and widely development prospect is arranged.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
The specific embodiment
Process using vacuum expendable pattern casting of the present invention, its step is as follows:
(1) bubble is moulded selecting of bead
The foam beads of lost foam casting special use has three kinds.
Select expandable polystyrene resin bead (being called for short EPS);
The bead characteristics: translucent bead, prefoam multiple 40 ~ 60, particle diameter is 0.18 ~ 0.80 millimeter, the particle diameter of the original bead of generally selecting be less than or equal to foundry goods minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) 1/9 ~ 1/10.
(2) modelling
1. prefoam
The EPS bead will carry out first prefoam, so that bead expand into certain size before adding mould.
The prefoam process has determined density, dimensional stability and the precision of model, is one of key link.Be applicable to the method that the EPS bead gives foaming and have three kinds: hot water prefoam, steam pre-foaming and vacuum pre expansion.The bead frothing percentage of vacuum pre expansion is high, and bead is dry, uses more.
2. slaking
Be placed on certain hour in the feed bin of drying, ventilation through the EPS of prefoam bead.In order to make bead
Extraneous pressure balance in the abscess makes bead have elasticity and swelliong power again, removes the moisture of surface of beads.Curing time was at 8 ~ 48 hours.
3. foaming
The EPS bead of prefoam and slaking is filled in the die cavity of metal die, and heating makes bead again
The space between bead is filled up in inferior expansion, and makes mutually fusion between bead, forms smooth surface, i.e. model.Must cool off before the depanning, model is cooled to below the softening temperature, after the model sclerosis setting, could depanning.The time that model drying and dimensionally stable also should be arranged after the depanning.Equipment has two kinds of the forming machines of digester (-tor) and automatic forming.
(3) model group composite variety
To process voluntarily or the bubble moulding model of outsourcing and the combination of dead head model are bonded together, formation model bunch, this combination is carried out before coating sometimes, carries out when sometimes burying the case moulding after the coating preparation.It is the indispensable procedure of evaporative pattern cavityless casting.
The binding material that uses at present: rubber latex, resin solvent and PUR and adhesive tape.
(4) mould coatings
Cavityless casting bubble moulding model surface must be coated with the certain thickness coating of one deck, forms the casting mold inner casing.Its
The effect of coating is in order to improve the strength and stiffness of EPS model, improves the anti-molding sand scouring capability of model surface, and the dimensional accuracy of foundry goods is guaranteed in the distortion of model when preventing from adding model surface breakage and vibration molding and negative pressure shaping in the sand process.The paint specially for disappearing cast mold of outsourcing adds water and stirs in mould wash mixer, make it obtain suitable viscosity.Coating after the stirring is put into container, with the method for soaking, brush, drenching and spraying model group is applied.Generally be coated with twice, making coating layer thickness is 0.5 ~ 2mm.Different selected according to foundry goods alloy species, planform and size.Coating is 40 ~ 50 ℃ of lower oven dry.
(5) vibration molding
Its operation comprises following operation: the casting bed preparation---is placed EPS model---back-up sand---sealing
Typing
1. casting bed preparation
To be placed on the shake table with the sandbox of aspirating chamber, and chucking.Certain thickness bed load is put in the bottom
(general casting bed thickness is more than 50 ~ 100mm), vibration ramming.Molding sand is that binder free, nothing are dosed thing, water-free dried quartz sand.The ferrous metal temperature is high, can select thicker sand, and aluminium alloy adopts than fine sand.Molding sand is wanted Reusability after treatment.Sandbox is the single face opening, be provided with the sandbox of aspirating chamber or exhaust tube, lifting or walking mechanism.
2. place the EPS model
After the jolt ramming, place the EPS model group according to technological requirement on it, and training sand is fixed.
3. back-up sand
Add dry sand (several sand method that adds), impose simultaneously vibration (X, Y, three directions of Z), the time
Between be generally 30 ~ 60 seconds, make molding sand be full of each position of model, and the bulk density of molding sand increased.
4. sealing typing
The sandbox surface seals with plastic sheeting, will be pumped into certain vacuum in the sandbox with vavuum pump, by atmospheric pressure
The difference of power and casting mold internal pressure is kept the casting-up process and is not collapsed loosely with sand grains " bonding " together, is referred to as " negative pressure shaping.Comparatively commonly used.
(6) cast displacement
The EPS model general about 80 ℃ softening, decompose in the time of 420 ~ 480 ℃.Catabolite has gas, liquid
Body and solid three parts.Heat decomposition temperature is different, and three's content is different.During the cavityless casting cast, under the heat effect of liquid metals, EPS model generation pyrolytic gasification, produce a large amount of gases, constantly by the coating molding sand, outwards discharging, in casting mold, model and metal gap, form certain air pressure, liquid metals constantly occupies the EPS modal position, pushes ahead, and the replacement process of liquid metals and EPS model occurs.The final result of displacement is to form foundry goods.It is---soon---slow that the pouring operation process adopts slow.And the maintenance continuous pouring, prevent the casting process cutout.Water rear casting mold vacuum and keep termination of pumping after 3 ~ 5 minutes.Pouring temperature is higher 30 ~ 50 ℃ than the temperature of sand casting.
(7) cooling cleaning
After the cooling, the cavityless casting knockout is the simplest, sandbox is tilted to hang out foundry goods or directly from sandbox, hang out foundry goods all can, foundry goods and dry sand natural separation.Isolated dry sand is reused after processing.
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| CN2012105642373A CN102974762A (en) | 2012-12-24 | 2012-12-24 | Vacuum evanescent die casting process |
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Application publication date: 20130320 |