CN1029706C - Method and apparatus for testing explosives - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for testing explosives Download PDFInfo
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- CN1029706C CN1029706C CN 90109502 CN90109502A CN1029706C CN 1029706 C CN1029706 C CN 1029706C CN 90109502 CN90109502 CN 90109502 CN 90109502 A CN90109502 A CN 90109502A CN 1029706 C CN1029706 C CN 1029706C
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- neutron
- explosive
- luggage
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- parcel
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001730 gamma-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N cesium-137 Chemical compound [137Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000531116 Blitum bonus-henricus Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N Carbon-13 Chemical compound [13C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008645 Chenopodium bonus henricus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004934 Dacron® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting explosives by utilizing a nuclear technology. The method utilizes gamma rays which emit energy of 0.511 megaelectron volts and 6.13 megaelectron volts respectively after detecting that the main components of nitrogen and oxygen in the explosive are activated by neutrons, and gives a conclusion of judging whether the explosive exists in the luggage or the package after data real-time processing. The method for detecting the explosive has the advantages of good reliability of the explosive, small misdiagnosis probability, safe operation, relatively simple device and proper price, and can be used as equipment for checking luggage and packaging in airports or other places.
Description
The invention belongs to and utilize particle radiation to measure or the field of analysis of material, be specifically related to a kind of detection method of filling explosive and device.
The terrorist carries the purpose that explosive is used to destroy for the inspection of escaping the X-ray reaches, and often uses plastic explosive to be hidden in the baggages, thereby causes the great person and property loss, jeopardizes social safety.The existence of how accomplishing neither to open luggage and checking out explosive rapidly reliably is the problem of a worldwide attention.
Utilize nuclear technology to detect method of filling explosive at present in the world and can reduce four classes.First method is that the measurement thermal neutron causes the gamma rays of 10.8 million electronics that the radiation capture reaction of nitrogen element in the explosive produces; Second method is, adds the deuterium thing that serves as a mark when making explosive, with the gamma rays irradiation, surveys D(r again, and n) neutron of emission is determined the existence of explosive in the H reaction; The third method is to measure the high-energy gamma rays to cause N
14(r, 2n)
12B in the N reaction
+The gamma rays of 0.511 MeV that annihilation radiation produces is determined the existence of explosive; The 4th kind of method is the activity that measurement thermal neutron and fast-neutron irradiation explosive cause.
The major defect of first method is; By rough estimation, the probability that records 10.8 MeV gamma rayss is less than 10
-7, this effect probability is little, and itself may be covered its effect by background fully, is difficult to obtain desired information; Secondly, the penetration power of thermal neutron in material is much smaller than fast neutron, and it is easy to be masked by high absorbing material, and the size of its detectable luggage parcel is restricted; Only measure the reaction of nitrogen in addition, easily and other chlorine-bearing compounds obscure and cause mistaken diagnosis.
Second method is unpractical, and the troublemaker can use not tagged explosive to carry out destructive activity fully.
The third method will be used the microtron of energy up to 40 MeVs, and the gamma rays that produce power is very high is in order to cause N in the explosive
14(r, 2n)
12The N reaction.This reaction cross-section is very little; The big high-octane gamma-ray source cost of line is very high; In addition, single survey nitrogen, very difficult judgement is explosive or other nitrogen substance.
The 4th kind of method such as U.S. Pat 3997787 disclose a kind of apparatus and method of testing explosive, and the weak point of this method is to use thermal-energy neutron and two kinds of neutron sources of high-energy neutron respectively luggage to be measured to be shone, and measure
16O(n, p)
16The β of decay in the N reaction
-Particle is determined the content of oxygen, because reaction yield is lower, and β
-The penetration capacity of particle a little less than, influence the degree of accuracy of the content of oxygen; In addition, this method is used and is measured the content that the thermal neutron amount of penetrating is determined nitrogen, and this method has only the difference of the sensitization depth, very easily obscure with other materials, and measure oxygen and used two kinds of different sniffers with nitrogen, both strengthened cost, also increased Measuring Time.
The object of the invention provides a kind of not only accurate but also safe, quick and suitable detection method of filling explosive and device of cost.
Detecting method of filling explosive is the fact that all contains a large amount of nitrogen and oxygen according to most explosives, with detected parcel of fast-neutron irradiation or luggage.Utilize N
14(n, 2n)
13After the N reaction
13N is a kind of neutron deficient nucleus, emits positron during decay, 9.963 minutes half life period, launches two 0.511 MeV gamma rayss that direction is opposite during positron annihilation; Utilize
16O(n, p)
16After the N reaction
16N is a neutron-rich nuclei, emission negatron during decay, and cascade is launched the gamma rays of 6.13 MeVs, 7.13 seconds half life period.Tested parcel or luggage are moved to behind 2～3 meters distant places of neutron source, measure the gamma rays power spectrum of 0.511 and 6.13 MeVs of from parcel or luggage, sending simultaneously with detector, after the process computing machine carries out the real-time online data processing to gamma-ray spectrometry, according to the ratio of the nitrogen that measures, oxygen content, provide the judgement conclusion that whether has explosive in the luggage.
The device that detects explosive is to make luggage, parcel travelling belt be the U font, the shielding passage that the cross break portion of travelling belt surrounds by fender wall, the other neutron generator of placing of travelling belt in the shielding passage, above shielding feeder connection place, neutron monitor is housed, place scintillation detector in the outer a distance of shielding channel outlet, the position that scintillation detector is placed should in luggage, parcel after neutron generator shines 3 seconds through position that travelling belt is sent to.Scintillation detector and prime amplifier, electronics circuits such as linear amplifier are connected, and import computing machine and carry out data processing, and baggage conveyor is by automatic controlling system.
Advantage of the present invention is: adopt the method for measuring nitrogen, oxygen simultaneously, better explosive and other article are differentiated than simple survey nitrogen, with same neutron source and two kinds of elements of same detector measurement, reduced instrument and equipment, reduced cost.Adopt activation to measure, send out a large amount of backgrounds of reaction in the time of can avoiding neutron irradiation wink, reduced the difficulty of measuring system, reduce the possibility of mistaken diagnosis.Background radiation to surrounding environment is very little, does not have dosage when not starting shooting, and helps staff's operation.Incident fast neutron and outgoing λ ray all have very strong penetration capacity, can detect the luggage parcel of more volume.
The present invention has the following drawings:
Fig. 1 detects the explosive device synoptic diagram,
The nitrogen oxygen graph of a relation of several frequently seen explosive of Fig. 2 and nitrogenous on-explosive material, horizontal ordinate is the nitrogen-atoms number (* 10 of every gram material on the figure
21), ordinate is the oxygen atomicity (* 10 of every gram material
21).
As everyone knows, in most kind explosives of current use, with regard to weight proportion, all include the nitrogen of (15～35) % and the oxygen of (20～40) %.Based on this fact basis, this method is with tested parcel of fast-neutron irradiation or luggage, to utilize N
14(n, 2n)
13After the N reaction
13N is a kind of neutron deficient nucleus, during decay, emits positron, 9.963 minutes half life period.Launch two 0.511 MeV gamma rayss that direction is opposite during positron annihilation.Utilize
16O(n, p)
16After the N reaction
16N is a neutron-rich nuclei, emission negatron during decay, and cascade is launched the gamma rays of 6.13 MeVs, 7.13 seconds half life period.Detected parcel or luggage are moved to later on behind 2～3 meters distant places of neutron source being subjected to neutron irradiation, measure the gamma rays power spectrum of 0.511 and 6.13 MeVs of from parcel or luggage, sending simultaneously with detector, through computing machine gamma-ray spectrometry is carried out after the real-time online data processing providing the judgement conclusion that whether has explosive in luggage or the parcel according to the nitrogen that measures, the ratio of oxygen content.In this case, have enough distances between gamma detector and the neutron source, and be operated in neutron stop the irradiation after.Like this, the instantaneous gamma background that produces owing to neutron irradiation disappears, and the environment that neutron irradiation causes activation background is also because of there being a segment distance to reduce widely.After background reduced, the nitrogen that detects and the effect of oxygen were just obviously.By 0.511 MeV gamma of nitrogen generation and the 6.13 MeV high energy gamma rayss that produce by oxygen, use same detector measurement, saved instrument and equipment.
The physical basis of this method.From 14 MeV neutrons and common article the nuclear reaction characteristic of contained element as can be known,
14N(n, 2n)
13The cross section of N reaction is 8mb,
16O(n, p)
16The cross section of N reaction is 46mb.If with 200 gram TNT explosives is that example is estimated, use diameter 100mm, the NaI(T1 of high 100mm) scintillation detector is placed on apart from the place of object center 15cm, and luggage or parcel are sent to the detector position from 3 meters distant places after illuminated 1 minute, transfer rate 1 meter per second.The neutron generator source point is to the mean distance 20cm at explosive place, shone 1 minute, measured two minutes, the efficient that gamma detector writes down 0.511 MeV gamma rays full energy peak is 0.8, the efficient that writes down full energy peak, single escape peak and the double escape peak area summation of 6.13 MeV gamma rayss is 0.4, if the neutron ejection rate is 10
9/ second.At the probability of ignoring neutron and gamma two kinds of gamma rayss of estimation record under by the damp condition on the distance.The counting that then records 0.511 MeV gamma rays is 1248, and the counting that records 6.13 MeV gamma rayss is 2550.If after considering the attenuation factor of neutron and gamma rays, the counting that records 0.511 million electron-volt gamma rays is 334, the counting that records 6.13 MeV gamma rayss is 1298.In addition, the condition of being supposed in the superincumbent estimation is: explosive charge 200 grams, and a gamma detector, a neutron generator, the neutron ejection rate is 10
9Neutron/second.In fact minimum explosive charge is generally high than 200 grams, and the neutron ejection rate also can be higher, and is more even in order to make neutron field, can use two above neutron sources, and also available a plurality of detector array are in the baggage conveyor both sides.Like this, irradiation time and test duration can reduce.
This method detects explosive, be by neutron and nitrogen and oxygen generation nuclear reaction, the gamma rays that produces 0.511 and 6.13 MeVs is judged, nitrogenous a lot of in daily living article with material oxygen, denitrogenate with oxygen beyond, also have other elements under the neutron effect, to launch the gamma rays of 0.511 or 6.13 MeVs.Its discriminating method is as follows:
(1) metallic articles such as iron, copper, silver, this dvielement (n, 2n) reaction produces neutron-deficient nuclide, at β
+After the decay, produce 0.511 MeV gamma rays.But this dvielement does not generally exist with oxygen simultaneously, even oxide, little because of the reaction cross-section of oxygen, thereby the composition that measures 0.511 MeV gamma rays is also much larger than the composition of the gamma rays of 6.13 MeVs.Therefore, according to the numeration ratio of the gamma rays of two kinds of energy, can distinguish with comparalive ease.
(2) regenerated fiber material, all goods that contain nylon and acrylic fibers are all nitrogenous, but the nylon oxydant is few, and acrylic fibers are oxygen-free then, and terylene then contains oxygen and is nonnitrogenous.To these regenerated fiber goods, on the ratio of survey nitrogen oxygen, can screen.
(3) leatheret contains the chlorine element, and chlorine has that (n, the gamma rays of 0.511 MeV is also emitted in 2n) reaction, but its oxygen-free, does not have the gamma rays of 6.13 MeVs.Polytetrafluoroethylproducts products contains a large amount of fluorine, but nonnitrogenous and oxygen, fluorine (n, 2n) reaction produces 0.511 MeV gamma rays, and fluorine (n, a) 6.13 MeV gamma rayss are then launched in reaction, but the ratio of two kinds of gamma rayss is about 0.1, and is more much smaller than the corresponding proportion 0.5 of TNT.So the examination to polytetrafluoroethylproducts products is not difficult yet.
(4) when hydrocarbon oxygen exists simultaneously, because fast neutron and hydrogen collision are released and sent the proton with certain energy, the C in proton and the natural carbon
13((p, a) reaction all forms N with the oxygen generation for p, n) reaction in (content 1.11%) generation
13Nuclear.These two kinds of reactions all belong to second order effect, can ignore.Once tested with woven dacron nonnitrogenous and that contain hydrocarbon oxygen, proved that the gamma rays of 0.511 MeV of being launched by these two kinds of reactions was very little, can ignore.
The N that utilizes according to above-mentioned proposition
14(n, 2n) and
16O(n, p) reaction is measured the content of nitrogen oxygen in the explosive simultaneously and is detected method of filling explosive, can design multi-form device.Accompanying drawing 1 has provided a kind of device embodiment that uses said method to detect explosive.Make baggage conveyor 1 be the operation of U font, the shielding passage that the cross break portion of travelling belt 1 surrounds by fender wall 5, the travelling belt 1 other neutron generator 2 that is provided with in the shielding passage that fender wall 5 surrounds is equipped with neutron monitor 7 on shielding feeder connection 4 places, be used for monitoring the flux of irradiation neutron.Fender wall 5 is made up of 1 meter thick cement and hydrogenous material.Neutron generator 2 is sealing neutron tube or the Cockcroft-Walton accelerators that utilize (D, T) reaction to constitute, the intensity of 14 MeV neutrons that produces greater than 10
9Neutron/second.Place scintillation detector 6 in the outer a distance of shielding channel outlet 4, the position that scintillation detector 6 is placed should in luggage, parcel 3 after neutron generator 2 shines 3 seconds through position that travelling belt 1 is sent to.Scintillation detector 6 can be used NaI(T1) or BGO scintillation detector, in 10%, the efficient of surveying 6.13 MeV gamma rayss is greater than 20% to 0.662 MeV gamma rays good resolution of caesium-137 in the energy resolution of detector.The transfer rate of travelling belt 1 is about 1 meter per second, and the initial sum stand-by time is no more than 1 second.
Test and pulpit are located at the outer correct position of shield, the control desk of indoor installation neutron generator 2 and travelling belt 1, the accessory of neutron monitor 7 and scintillation detector 6 and electronic analytical instrument, comprise high-voltage power supply, pulse amplifier, multichannel analyzer and controlling and the computer system of data processing.
For there is a neutron field comparatively uniformly in the zone that makes irradiation luggage parcel, can use two neutron generators 2, be configured in baggage conveyor 1 both sides symmetrically.Scintillation detector 6 also can use a plurality of, forms multi-detector array, is convenient to detect the position at explosive place, helps screening various article and mixes the mistaken diagnosis that causes.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of detection method of filling explosive, the fact that all contains a large amount of nitrogen and oxygen according to most explosives, utilize the method for measuring nuclear reaction products to determine the content of nitrogen in the object under test, oxygen, thereby judged whether explosive, feature of the present invention is with detected parcel of fast-neutron irradiation or luggage, utilizes N
14(n, 2n) N
13After the reaction
13N emits positron during decay, and the half life period is 9.963 minutes, launches two 0.511 MeV gamma rays and utilizations that direction is opposite during positron annihilation
16O (n, p)
16After the N reaction
16Emission negatron during the N decay, and the gamma rays of 6.13 MeVs is launched in cascade, half life period is 7.13 seconds the fact, to be moved to from 2～3 meters of neutron sources far away by neutron irradiation parcel or luggage to be measured excessively, measure the 0.511 and 6.13 MeV gamma rays power spectrums of from parcel or luggage, sending simultaneously with detector, through computing machine gamma-ray spectrometry is carried out after the real-time online data processing providing the judgement conclusion that whether has explosive in luggage or the parcel according to the nitrogen that measures, the ratio of oxygen content.
2, detection method of filling explosive as claimed in claim 1, the energy that it is characterized in that fast neutron is 14 MeVs, intensity is greater than 10
9Neutron/second.
3, detection method of filling explosive as claimed in claim 1, the energy resolution that it is characterized in that detector, is surveyed 0.511 MeV gamma rays efficient and is better than 80% in 10% for 0.662 MeV gamma rays good resolution of caesium～137.
4, a kind of device that is used for detection method of filling explosive as claimed in claim 1, comprise neutron generator (2), baggage conveyor (1), data acquisition and processing system and automatic control system, feature of the present invention is that travelling belt (1) is the U font, the cross break portion of travelling belt (1) surrounds the shielding passage by fender wall (5), neutron generator (2) is placed on travelling belt (1) next door in the shielding passage that fender wall (5) surrounds, neutron monitor (7) is equipped with in top at shielding feeder connection (4), scintillation detector (6) is placed in a distance outside shielding channel outlet (4), and the position that scintillation detector (6) is placed should be in luggage, parcel after neutron generator (2) irradiation 3 seconds through position that travelling belt (1) is sent to.
5, the device of detection explosive as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that neutron generator (2) is sealing neutron tube or the Cockcroft-Walton accelerator that utilizes (D, T) reaction to constitute, and the neutron intensity that is produced is greater than 10
9Neutron/second.
6, the device of detection explosive as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that scintillation detector (6) can use NaI(T1) or the BGO scintillation detector, in 10%, the efficient of surveying 6.13 MeV gamma rayss is greater than 20% for 0.662 MeV gamma rays good resolution of caesium-137 in the energy resolution of detector.
7, the device of detection explosive as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the transfer rate of travelling belt (1) is about 1 meter per second, and the initial sum stand-by time is no more than 1 second.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109502 CN1029706C (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Method and apparatus for testing explosives |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109502 CN1029706C (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Method and apparatus for testing explosives |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1062213A CN1062213A (en) | 1992-06-24 |
| CN1029706C true CN1029706C (en) | 1995-09-06 |
Family
ID=4881463
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109502 Expired - Fee Related CN1029706C (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Method and apparatus for testing explosives |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1029706C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100384375C (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2008-04-30 | 模拟技术公司 | Explosion material tester using double-energy scanning information and mehtod |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1034884C (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1997-05-14 | 清华大学 | Detecting system for explosive material |
| CN102359899B (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2013-01-02 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Pretreatment method of polymer bonded explosive sample |
| CN102590251B (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2014-07-30 | 中国人民解放军第二炮兵装备研究院第六研究所 | Method for measuring oxidation percentage of metallic plutonium |
| CN108535300B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Built-in neutron element analysis device |
-
1990
- 1990-11-30 CN CN 90109502 patent/CN1029706C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100384375C (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2008-04-30 | 模拟技术公司 | Explosion material tester using double-energy scanning information and mehtod |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1062213A (en) | 1992-06-24 |
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