CN102965598A - Al - Ni - Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Al - Ni - Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102965598A
CN102965598A CN2012104220798A CN201210422079A CN102965598A CN 102965598 A CN102965598 A CN 102965598A CN 2012104220798 A CN2012104220798 A CN 2012104220798A CN 201210422079 A CN201210422079 A CN 201210422079A CN 102965598 A CN102965598 A CN 102965598A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
alloy
based amorphous
aluminum
amorphous alloy
preparing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2012104220798A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李金富
张章
熊贤仲
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shanghai Jiaotong University
Original Assignee
Shanghai Jiaotong University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Jiaotong University filed Critical Shanghai Jiaotong University
Priority to CN2012104220798A priority Critical patent/CN102965598A/en
Publication of CN102965598A publication Critical patent/CN102965598A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Abstract

The invention relates to Al - Ni - Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy and a preparation method thereof. The alloy comprises components in the following molar percentage content: 85-87% of Al, 8-10% of Ni and 5-7% of Ce. The invention also relates to the preparation method of the Al-Ni-Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy. Compared with the existing Al-based amorphous alloy, the alloy provided by the invention is prepared by a wedge mold vacuum suction casting method by using aluminum as a main component, and nickel and cerium as alloy elements, and has the advantage of strong amorphous forming ability, which enables the alloy to have a broad application prospect in the field of novel lightweight structural material.

Description

Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
From people such as P.O.L.Duwez in nineteen sixty (W.Klement, R.H.Willens and P.O.L.Duwez, Non-Crystalline Structure in Solidified Gold-Silicon Alloys, Nature, 1960, Vol.7, p869 – 870) to have delivered since the Au-Si amorphous alloy, preparation and the performance study of amorphous alloy become one of research emphasis of people.In 1988, Y.He(Y.He, S.J.Poon and G.J.Shiflet, Synthesis and Properties of Metallic Glasses that Contain Aluminum, Science, 1988, Vol.241,1640-1642) and A.Inoue(A.Inoue, K.Ohtera, A.-P.Tsai and T.Masumoto, Aluminum-Based Amorphous Alloys with Tensile Strength above 980MPa (100kg/mm 2), Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 1988, Vol.27, pL479-L482) etc. the people develops aluminium content and surpasses the 80%(molar fraction), high, the toughness of intensity al based amorphous alloy preferably, and because al based amorphous alloy has the serial advantages such as high specific strength, low density, so that al based amorphous alloy is in widespread attention as a kind of engineering materials that has a high potential.At present the major limitation used of restriction al based amorphous alloy be non-crystaline amorphous metal amorphous formation ability a little less than, the al based amorphous alloy size for preparing is less.For Al base Al-Ni-Ce alloy, H.Yang(H.Yang, J.Q.Wang and Y.Li, Glass Formation and Microstructure Evolution in Al-Ni-RE (RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd and misch metal) Ternary Systems, Philosophical Magazine, 2007, Vol.87,4211 – 4228) find that the optimal components that forms amorphous is positioned at Al 85Ni 10Ce 5, the amorphous thin ribbon thickness of preparation only has 80 – 90mm.C.T.Rios(C.
Figure BDA00002323142700011
Rios, S.
Figure BDA00002323142700012
M.D.Bar ó, C.Bolfarini, W.J.Botta and C.S.Kiminami, Glass Forming Ability of the Al-Ce-Ni System, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol.354,4874-4877) find that the optimal components that forms amorphous is positioned at Al 85Ni 8Ce 7
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the alloy amorphous formation scarce capacity of existing Al base with the larger non-crystaline amorphous metal of preparation size, it is ternary Al-based Amorphous Alloys and preparation method thereof that a kind of Al-Ni-Ce is provided, alloy provided by the invention has the strong advantage of amorphous formation ability, has broad application prospects in novel light structured material field.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme,
First aspect the present invention relates to a kind of Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy, and each component of described alloy and the mole percent level of each component are: Al 85～87%, and Ni 8～10%, and Ce 5～7%.
Preferably, each component of described alloy and the mole percent level of each component are: Al 85.5%, and Ni 9.5%, and Ce 5%.
Second aspect the present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is take pure metal block Al, Ni and Ce as raw material, according to the mole percent level batching of each above-mentioned component;
Step 2 take titanium as oxygen absorbent, take rare gas element as protecting under the gas condition, adopts the electric arc furnace melt back until described raw material melting is even, and then naturally cooling under the inert gas atmosphere protection makes master alloy ingot;
Step 3; described master alloy ingot is cut into alloy block; take titanium as oxygen absorbent, take rare gas element as the protection gas electric arc furnace in melt described alloy block by the arc melting method; obtain until completely melted alloy melt; by the suction pouring mode described alloy melt suction is cast onto in the wedge shape copper mold of prior oven dry, and get final product.
Preferably, described rare gas element is argon gas.Further preferably, in the step 2, described melt back is specially: all use pure titanium oxygen consumption before each melting, the melting electric current is 200A, and each smelting time is 1min.
Preferably, in the step 1, pure metal block Al, Ni and Ce carry out pre-treatment before using, and be specially ultrasonic cleaning is removed and used to surface scale.
Preferably, in step 2 and/or the step 3, the purity inert gas in the described electric arc furnace greater than 99.999%, air pressure is 1.1～1.2 standard atmospheric pressures.
Preferably, in the step 3, described alloy block is removed first its surperficial oxide skin before melting.
Preferably, in the step 3, the electric current of described melting is 200A.
Preferably, in the step 3, the angle of described wedge shape copper mold is 5 °.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: compare with existing al based amorphous alloy, the present invention take aluminium as main component, nickel and cerium be alloying element, the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy for preparing by wedge shape copper mold suction pouring mode, have the strong advantage of amorphous formation ability, the strong amorphous formation ability of this series aluminum base noncrystal alloy makes it have broad application prospects in novel light structured material field.
Description of drawings
By reading the detailed description of non-limiting example being done with reference to the following drawings, it is more obvious that other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become:
Fig. 1 is Al provided by the invention 87Ni 8Ce 5The metallograph figure of alloy wedge-shaped samples;
Fig. 2 is Al provided by the invention 87Ni 8Ce 5The XRD figure spectrum analysis of amorphous portion figure as a result on the wedge-shaped samples;
Fig. 3 is Al provided by the invention 87Ni 8Ce 5DSC curve and the Al of wedge-shaped samples amorphous portion 87Ni 8Ce 5The analytical results figure of the DSC curve of amorphous thin ribbon;
Fig. 4 is Al provided by the invention 87Ni 8Ce 5The selected area electron diffraction of wedge-shaped samples amorphous portion and light field high resolution photo mutually;
Fig. 5 is Al provided by the invention 85.5Ni 9.5Ce 5The metallograph of alloy wedge-shaped samples;
Fig. 6 is Al provided by the invention 85Ni 8Ce 7The metallograph of alloy wedge-shaped samples;
Fig. 7 is Al provided by the invention 85Ni 9Ce 6The metallograph of alloy wedge-shaped samples;
Fig. 8 is Al provided by the invention 85Ni 10Ce 5The metallograph of alloy wedge-shaped samples.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Following examples will help those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit in any form the present invention.Should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It is raw material that embodiments of the invention adopt pure metal block Al, Ni, Ce, prepares the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy of Multiple components.The raw material that the present invention adopts is commercially available high-purity reguline metal, according to its purity of massfraction is: Al(〉=99.999%), Ni(〉=99.99%), Ce(〉=99.9%).
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment relates to a kind of Al 87Ni 8Ce 5Alloy And Preparation Method.
Adopting commercially available high-purity Al, Ni, Ce reguline metal is starting materials; first the high pure metal block is carried out removing surface; and take by weighing the respective metal block according to mole percent level Al 87%, Ni 8%, Ce 5%; then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.1 standard atmospheric pressures) is smelted into master alloy ingot by the arc melting method with Al, Ni and three kinds of metal blocks of Ce.For so that the master alloy ingot homogeneous chemical composition, every group of equal melting of sample 6 times.Then cut 2g left and right sides alloy from master alloy ingot; and removal surface film oxide; then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.1 standard atmospheric pressures); by the arc melting method it is melted; and by the suction pouring method alloy melt suction is cast onto in the wedge shape copper mold of prior oven dry rapidly, namely get Al 87Ni 8Ce 5The alloy wedge-shaped samples.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment relates to a kind of Al 85.5Ni 9.5Ce 5Alloy And Preparation Method.
Adopting commercially available high-purity Al, Ni, Ce reguline metal is starting materials; first the high pure metal block is carried out removing surface; and take by weighing the respective metal block according to mole percent level Al 85.5%, Ni 9.5%, Ce 5%; then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.15 standard atmospheric pressures) is smelted into master alloy ingot by the arc melting method with Al, Ni and three kinds of metal blocks of Ce.For so that the master alloy ingot homogeneous chemical composition, every group of equal melting of sample 6 times.Then cut 2g left and right sides alloy from master alloy ingot; and removal surface film oxide; then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.15 standard atmospheric pressures); by the arc melting method it is melted; and by the suction pouring method alloy melt suction is cast onto in the wedge shape copper mold of prior oven dry rapidly, namely get Al 85.5Ni 9.5Ce 5The alloy wedge-shaped samples.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment relates to a kind of Al 85Ni 8Ce 7Alloy And Preparation Method.
Adopting commercially available high-purity Al, Ni, Ce reguline metal is starting materials; first the high pure metal block is carried out removing surface; and take by weighing the respective metal block according to mole percent level Al 85%, Ni 8%, Ce 7%; then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.1 standard atmospheric pressures) is smelted into master alloy ingot by the arc melting method with Al, Ni and three kinds of metal blocks of Ce.For so that the master alloy ingot homogeneous chemical composition, every group of equal melting of sample 6 times.Then cut 2g left and right sides alloy from master alloy ingot; and the removal surface film oxide, then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.1 standard atmospheric pressures) melts it by the arc melting method; and by the suction pouring method alloy melt suction is cast onto in the wedge shape copper mold rapidly, namely get Al 85Ni 8Ce 7The alloy wedge-shaped samples.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment relates to a kind of Al 85Ni 9Ce 6Alloy And Preparation Method.
Adopting commercially available high-purity Al, Ni, Ce reguline metal is starting materials; first the high pure metal block is carried out removing surface; and take by weighing the respective metal block according to mole percent level Al 85%, Ni 9%, Ce 6%; then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.1 standard atmospheric pressures) is smelted into master alloy ingot by the arc melting method with Al, Ni and three kinds of metal blocks of Ce.For so that the master alloy ingot homogeneous chemical composition, every group of equal melting of sample 6 times.Then cut 2g left and right sides alloy from master alloy ingot; and the removal surface film oxide, then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.1 standard atmospheric pressures) melts it by the arc melting method; and by the suction pouring method alloy melt suction is cast onto in the wedge shape copper mold rapidly, namely get Al 85Ni 9Ce 6The alloy wedge-shaped samples.
Embodiment 5
Present embodiment relates to a kind of Al 85Ni 10Ce 5Alloy And Preparation Method.
Adopting commercially available high-purity Al, Ni, Ce reguline metal is starting materials; first the high pure metal block is carried out removing surface; and take by weighing the respective metal block according to mole percent level Al 85%, Ni 10%, Ce 5%; then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.1 standard atmospheric pressures) is smelted into master alloy ingot by the arc melting method with Al, Ni and three kinds of metal blocks of Ce.For so that the master alloy ingot homogeneous chemical composition, every group of equal melting of sample 6 times.Then cut 2g left and right sides alloy from master alloy ingot; and the removal surface film oxide, then under argon shield atmosphere (air pressure is 1.1 standard atmospheric pressures) melts it by the arc melting method; and by the suction pouring method alloy melt suction is cast onto in the wedge shape copper mold rapidly, namely get Al 85Ni 10Ce 5The alloy wedge-shaped samples.
Result of implementation
Al for embodiment 1 preparation 87Ni 8Ce 5Alloy sample can be found from Fig. 1, and there are two visibly different zones in it, and corresponding to complete non-crystalline region and crystalline region respectively, it forms amorphous critical thickness average out to 400 μ m; The atom of random arrangement has also all confirmed the Al that embodiment 1 makes in the HRTEM image in the XRD figure spectrum among Fig. 2 among typical amorphous " steamed bun peak " and Fig. 4 87Ni 8Ce 5Be complete amorphous at thickness during less than critical thickness on the wedge-shaped samples; Al 87Ni 8Ce 5Analytical results and the Al of the DSC curve of wedge-shaped samples amorphous portion 87Ni 8Ce 5The analytical results of the DSC curve of amorphous thin ribbon as shown in Figure 3.Al for embodiment 2 preparations 85.5Ni 9.5Ce 5Alloy sample, as can be seen from Figure 5, it forms amorphous critical thickness average out to 510 μ m.Al for embodiment 3 preparations 85Ni 8Ce 7Alloy sample, as can be seen from Figure 6, it forms amorphous critical thickness average out to 330 μ m.Al for embodiment 4 preparations 85Ni 9Ce 6Alloy sample, as can be seen from Figure 7, it forms amorphous critical thickness average out to 410 μ m.Al for embodiment 5 preparations 85Ni 10Ce 5Alloy sample, as can be seen from Figure 8, it forms amorphous critical thickness average out to 420 μ m.
In sum, compare with existing al based amorphous alloy, the present invention take aluminium as main component, nickel and cerium be alloying element, the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy for preparing by wedge shape copper mold suction pouring mode, have the strong advantage of amorphous formation ability, the strong amorphous formation ability of this series aluminum base noncrystal alloy makes it have broad application prospects in novel light structured material field.
More than specific embodiments of the invention are described.It will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or modification within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. an Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy is characterized in that, each component of described alloy and the mole percent level of each component are: Al 85～87%, and Ni 8～10%, and Ce 5～7%.
2. Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each component of described alloy and the mole percent level of each component are: Al 85.5%, and Ni 9.5%, and Ce 5%.
3. a method for preparing Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is take pure metal block Al, Ni and Ce as raw material, according to the mole percent level batching of each component claimed in claim 1;
Step 2 take titanium as oxygen absorbent, take rare gas element as protecting under the gas condition, adopts the electric arc furnace melt back until described raw material melting is even, and then naturally cooling under the inert gas atmosphere protection makes master alloy ingot;
Step 3; described master alloy ingot is cut into alloy block; take titanium as oxygen absorbent, take rare gas element as the protection gas electric arc furnace in melt described alloy block by the arc melting method; obtain until completely melted alloy melt; by the suction pouring mode described alloy melt suction is cast onto in the wedge shape copper mold of prior oven dry, and get final product.
4. the method for preparing the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described rare gas element is argon gas.
5. the method for preparing the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the step 2, described melt back is specially: all use pure titanium oxygen consumption before each melting, the melting electric current is 200A, and each smelting time is 1min.
6. the method for preparing the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the step 1, pure metal block Al, Ni and Ce carry out pre-treatment before using, and is specially ultrasonic cleaning is removed and used to surface scale.
7. the method for preparing the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in step 2 and/or the step 3, the purity inert gas in the described electric arc furnace greater than 99.999%, air pressure is 1.1～1.2 standard atmospheric pressures.
8. the method for preparing the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in, described alloy block is removed first its surperficial oxide skin before melting.
9. the method for preparing the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the step 3, the electric current of described melting is 200A.
10. the method for preparing the Al-Ni-Ce aluminum-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the step 3, the angle of described wedge shape copper mold is 5 °.
CN2012104220798A 2012-10-29 2012-10-29 Al - Ni - Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof Pending CN102965598A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2012104220798A CN102965598A (en) 2012-10-29 2012-10-29 Al - Ni - Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2012104220798A CN102965598A (en) 2012-10-29 2012-10-29 Al - Ni - Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102965598A true CN102965598A (en) 2013-03-13

Family

ID=47796032

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2012104220798A Pending CN102965598A (en) 2012-10-29 2012-10-29 Al - Ni - Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102965598A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103469120A (en) * 2013-08-22 2013-12-25 上海交通大学 Al-Ni-La-RE series aluminium-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof
CN104178707A (en) * 2014-09-05 2014-12-03 北京理工大学 Al-Ni-Er-Co-La aluminum based amorphous alloy material and preparation method thereof
CN106884100A (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-23 湖南科技大学 A kind of preparation method of nickel aluminium base multiphase alloy

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1245222A (en) * 1998-08-19 2000-02-23 中国科学院金属研究所 Al-base nm/non-crystal heterogeneous material
CN101838778A (en) * 2010-06-10 2010-09-22 中南大学 Al-Ni-Ce-Pr aluminum-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1245222A (en) * 1998-08-19 2000-02-23 中国科学院金属研究所 Al-base nm/non-crystal heterogeneous material
CN101838778A (en) * 2010-06-10 2010-09-22 中南大学 Al-Ni-Ce-Pr aluminum-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Z.ZHANG ET AL: "Glass forming ability and primary crystallization behavior of Al-Ni-Ce alloys", 《INTERMETALLICS》 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103469120A (en) * 2013-08-22 2013-12-25 上海交通大学 Al-Ni-La-RE series aluminium-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof
CN103469120B (en) * 2013-08-22 2016-12-07 上海交通大学 Al-Ni-La-RE aluminum-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof
CN104178707A (en) * 2014-09-05 2014-12-03 北京理工大学 Al-Ni-Er-Co-La aluminum based amorphous alloy material and preparation method thereof
CN106884100A (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-23 湖南科技大学 A kind of preparation method of nickel aluminium base multiphase alloy

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Jiang et al. Modification of Mg2Si in Mg–Si alloys with yttrium
CN101538671B (en) Rapid solidification superhigh strength magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
CN109161770B (en) High-modulus magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
Peng et al. Microstructures and properties of Mg–7Gd alloy containing Y
US20200123635A1 (en) 1 gpa high-strength high-modulus aluminum-based light medium-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof
CN103074520A (en) Er-containing high-niobium Ti-Al intermetallic compound material and preparation method thereof
WO2015096479A1 (en) Zirconium-based amorphous alloy and preparation method therefor
EP2430205A1 (en) Amorphous alloy composite material and method of preparing the same
EP2499270B1 (en) Zirconium-based amorphous alloy, preparing method and recycling method thereof
CN101713055A (en) Mg-Ni-Gd-Ag serial block amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof
CN102965598A (en) Al - Ni - Ce system Al-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof
Li et al. Preparation of TiFe based alloys melted by CaO crucible and its hydrogen storage properties
Lu et al. As-cast microstructure and Sr-containing phases of AZ31 magnesium alloys with high Sr contents
JIANG et al. Effect of stannum addition on microstructure of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-5Li alloys
CN101328566A (en) Block rare earth gadolinium-based composite amorphous material and preparation thereof
Wang et al. Effects of La and Ce mixed rare earth on microstructure and properties of Al-Mg-Si aluminum Alloy
CN103469120B (en) Al-Ni-La-RE aluminum-based amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof
CN103668010A (en) A series of Zr-Al-Ni-Cu block amorphous alloys having cellular microstructures
CN102952969B (en) Large-size Zr standard crystal material and preparation method thereof
Liu et al. Mechanical properties and creep behavior of Mg–Al–Ca alloys
Chen et al. Effect of MgO content on mechanical properties of directionally solidified pure magnesium
CN103225031B (en) A kind of Magnesium-zinc-mangaalloytin-neodymium alloytin-neodymium and preparation method thereof
CN113897567B (en) Homogenization thermomechanical treatment method for rapidly refining and homogenizing cast aluminum-lithium alloy
CN101824570B (en) AZ series magnesium-beryllium rare earth alloy material and method for preparing same
CN108504966A (en) A kind of cobalt-base body amorphous alloy and preparation method thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C12 Rejection of a patent application after its publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20130313