CN102965521A - Method for nickel laterite ore through adopting wet pellet smelting lower temperature reduction mode - Google Patents
Method for nickel laterite ore through adopting wet pellet smelting lower temperature reduction mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ferronickel production, and relates to a method for nickel laterite ore through adopting a wet pellet smelting lower temperature reduction mode. The method is characterized in that an automatic raw material flux compounding and feeding control system based on programmable logical controller (PLC) control is adopted during the production process. A mode of negative pressure operation, wet pellet smelting and reaction temperature reduction of a reduction area is adopted to smelt ferronickel, the water content of a smelting pellet is between 20 and 25%, and the pellet ore strength is between 3 kilograms and 10 kilograms/cm<2>. The smelting temperature of the reduction area is between 1260 DEG C and 1380 DEG C, so that coarse nickel pig iron which contains more than 13% of nickel can be obtained. The method has the advantages that at first, a sintering technological link is saved, and the production cost is greatly lowered; and secondarily, negative pressure operation is formed in a furnace, dust can be greatly controlled from flying to the outside, thus, the purposes of falling dust and collecting dust are realized, a good environment-friendly effect is obtained, and no pollution is generated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ferronickel production field, relate to a kind of method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore.
Background technology
The processing smelting process of red soil nickel ore is generally three kinds, i.e. thermal process, wet processing and fiery wet method combined process.And be divided into electrosmelting, blast-furnace smelting and Metal In Shaft Furnace in the thermal process.Wherein its advantage of shaft furnace melting production ferronickel is that investment is little, energy consumption is lower, and suitable industrial scale is little, supply of electric power is difficult and the nickeliferous low area of nickel oxide ore.But traditional shaft furnace process is produced ferronickel, and the reduction degree of nickel is low, and environmental pollution is serious.Nickel returns the low reason of reduction degree normally because of the reduction zone excess Temperature, and the recovery time is long, and a large amount of ferric oxide are reduced in the fusion process, are to cause the low major cause of nickel content in the ferronickel.Because produce in the process of ferronickel in conventional shaft furnace melting, be the ventilation property of assurance shaft furnace, and adopt the pelletizing behind the sintering to enter stove when environmental pollution is serious, still do not strengthened like this pellet sintering cost, also can produce a large amount of flue dust, directly pass the bed of material and discharge out of the furnace, severe contamination environment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to the problem that reduction degree is low, Environment pollution is heavy in order to solve nickel in the Classical Shaft Furnace smelting red clay nickel ore process.
A kind of method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore is characterized in that adopting negative-pressure operation, wet bulb to enter the mode smelting ferronickel of stove, reduction reduction zone temperature of reaction, and concrete steps are:
1, red soil nickel ore is crushed to into below the 10mm, adding first an amount of unslaked lime drops between 20～25% its raw ore moisture, and then the red soil nickel ore of choosing after the dehydration is raw material, the commercially available agglutinant of adding 0.04～0.05% and the binding agent of 1-5%, process pair roller ball press is pressed into the oval ball nodulizing about 60mm, without sintering, directly into stove, pellet strength is 3kg～10kg/cm
2
2, with pellet: fuel: flux: wooden unit drops into the energy-conservation shaft furnace of oxygen enrichment in 1: 0.2～0.28: 0.17～0.22: 0.1 ratio and carries out low temperature smelting, tap to tap time 180min～300min, 1260 ℃～1380 ℃ of smelting temperatures, obtain nickeliferous greater than the 13% thick nickel pig iron, all adopt negative-pressure operation in the whole smelting process stove, negative pressure value is at 9.5～9.0Mpa.
Nickel content is 1.52%～3.16% in the described red soil nickel ore, iron level 9.58%～39.58.In the thick nickel pig iron: nickel content is at the Ni of 13%～20wt%, and iron level is at 75%～82wt%.
Without sintering, singly not to have saved the sintering energy, the more important thing is that wet bulb has played the effect of filtering smoke in the cloth district, the steam that volume of smoke produces by wet bulb heat-processed through the cloth district time is absorbed, thereby reduced the smoke content in the flue gas, pelletizing has also obtained the sintering oven dry at this one-phase.
Low temperature smelting is so that the nickel in the nickel minerals obtains reduction in the reduction zone in advance, and the smelting temperature of this moment is not enough to again to allow the iron in the nickel minerals reduce fully that just having passed through the reduction zone has arrived slag area.Just so that the iron majority in the nickel minerals all is brought in the slag, so that the iron level in the ferronickel that has reduced greatly reduces, thereby the ratio of nickel content significantly improves for this.
Central principle of the present invention is to utilize nickel to be better than the mechanism of iron reduction, restores most Ni and part Fe in the rational recovery time at lower reduction temperature meter, thereby reaches the purpose that improves the content of nickel in the product.The main reduction reaction of smelting process is:
NiO+C→Ni+CO↑T＝420℃ (1)
FeO+C→Fe+CO↑T＝650℃ (2)
Cr
2O
3+C→Cr+CO↑ (3)
SiO
2+C→Si+CO↑ (4)
Can find out that by formula (1), (2) Ni is than the easy reduction of Fe.
Because be that wet bulb enters stove, pellet strength is lower, if the furnace charge add-on is too much, and the easy efflorescence of pelletizing.For guaranteeing the direct motion of the working of a furnace, just must implement strict monitoring to additional proportion and the add-on of flux in the furnace charge and nickel minerals raw material.Therefore the present invention has adopted based on the raw material flux batching of PLC control and the automatic control system of material loading.
Raw material flux Ingredient Automatic Control System is comprised of detecting unit, industrial computer, PLC control unit, topworks's part four parts, and content comprises 1) red soil nickel ore composition, flux component detect and smelt before instant on-line analysis; 2) the flux proportioning is calculated and the automatic blending process; 3) three parts of self-perfection function of flux proportioning calculating
Concrete control step is:
(1), utilize the X-fluorescence spectrograph to detect online raw material in the feed bin and the composition of flux, and deliver to the PLC controller, PLC is sent to industrial computer with these detected values by Ethernet again;
(2), utilize and in industrial computer, to store the engineering application program of writing according to technology theory and experience, calculate in advance the proportioning of raw material and solvent and the signal component value of slagging tap according to the raw material that collects and solvent composition value;
(3), the proportioning of estimating to calculate is passed to the PLC controller, in the industrial computer proportioning value of this chemical examination signal component value and precomputation and the signal component value of slagging tap are formed a relation table simultaneously, just it is stored in lane database;
(4), after the PLC controller receives the proportioning value of precomputation, with the corresponding motorized valve action of in good time control, by the good proportion ingredient of precomputation, the PLC controller will automatically define batch number to the material that adds and follow the tracks of simultaneously;
(5), the furnace charge of described batch of step (4) slags tap through tapping a blast furnace after the regular hour melting, to this batch iron and slag automatic sampling, sample is automatically delivered to on-line detector and is analyzed its signal component value after cooling, sample chemical examination signal component value is transferred to industrial computer;
(6), the application program in the industrial computer will be found out budget proportioning value and the slag charge signal component value that is stored in computer according to batch number, budget slag charge signal component value and actual value are compared, with reference to this comparative figure, some empirical parameter of proportioning raw materials formula is adjusted, so that the estimated value of lower batch of proportioning and slag charge composition more approaches actual value, and upgrade the value that originally was stored in database with estimated value more accurately, with this back and forth until reach best proportioning.
The automatic control system of material loading comprises small feed bin, intermediate bunker, shaft furnace, material chi control unit and self-feeding control unit.Be equipped with material chi control unit in small feed bin, intermediate bunker and the shaft furnace.Expect the chi control unit by windlass 1, wireline 2, weight 3 forms; The self-feeding control unit is by PLC control unit 4 and operator-machine-interface (HMI) 5, sensor detecting unit 6, and topworks 7 forms.
Material chi control unit realizes that to the detection control of expecting in the stove, windlass moves up and down by wireline pulling weight.Generally, weight tightly contacts with furnace charge owing to own wt drops on the furnace charge, PLC exports the lifting moment M1 of upwards rotation as moment amplitude limit value and the pulling speed that makes progress to windlass motor frequency conversion device, the wireline that connects weight and windlass is tightened, weight is subject to the lifting force effect that wireline makes progress, but moment M1 is not enough to overcome the moment M3 that weight gravity produces, weight can not move up with lifting force, on the contrary, weight still moves down along with furnace charge descends, and tightly contact with furnace charge, be contained in the position that encoder behind the windlass can be indicated furnace charge this moment.When the material chi detects when needing to furnace charge, the lifting moment M2 that upwards rotates to the output of windlass motor frequency conversion device is as moment amplitude limit value and the pulling speed that makes progress.Moment M2 is enough to overcome the moment M3 that weight gravity produces, and weight is along with the rotation of windlass upwards promotes until start bit.Can be to furnace charge when weight reaches start bit.
The self-feeding control unit divides three parts, and a part realizes three small feed bins (ore storage bunker 8, coke feed bin 9, Wingdale feed bin 10) self-feeding; Two parts realize being fed in raw material to feed bin 11 broad in the middle by three small feed bins; Three parts realize by intermediate bunker interior reinforced to shaft furnace 12.The sensor signal of the self-feeding of three small feed bins under the feed bin, will start corresponding conveyor and be fed to small feed bin when not expecting in weighing instrument detects certain small feed bin as foundation, stops the conveyor feeding when small feed bin is filled material when sensor detects.Material chi detection signal is delivered to the PLC system in real time, the material level value that the material chi is measured is low during with a certain limit position set, PLC produces reinforced signal thus, which small feed bin set sequence program block will judge according to processing requirement in the while PLC needs to feed in raw material to intermediate bunker, and the required weight that adds and proportioning are provided by the second-level model machine.PLC exports thus and opens the small feed bin valve control signal, small feed bin begins to intermediate bunker reinforced, the required reinforced value that PLC calculates in can be according to program in this process and the weighing instrument observed value under the intermediate bunker compare in real time, when both difference during less than a certain value valve closes stop to intermediate bunker reinforced.Simultaneously PLC provides intermediate bunker reinforced control signal in the shaft furnace, and the valve open under the intermediate bunker begins blanking, and valve closes stops to feed in raw material when the blanking value reaches programmed values.
Advantage of the present invention is
1, the red soil nickel ore raw ore carries out One-step production directly into stove, has saved the sintering process link, significantly reduces production costs.
2, owing to enter the stove pellet ore moisture content about 25%, in stove, carry out One-step production, a large amount of water vapor evaporations is arranged, add and form negative-pressure operation in the stove, can control a large amount of dust can not outwards overflow, thereby reaches the purpose of depositing dust dedusting, environment protecting is splendid, does not pollute.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is shaft furnace automatical feeding system structure iron of the present invention,
Number in the figure is: windlass 1, wireline 2, weight 3PLC control unit 4, operator-machine-interface (HMI) 5, sensor detecting unit 6, topworks 7.Topworks 7 passes through connection ore storage bunker 8, coke feed bin 9, Wingdale feed bin 10, feed bin 11 broad in the middle, shaft furnace 12 again.
Embodiment
A kind of method of red upper nickel minerals smelting ferronickel is characterized in that adopting negative-pressure operation, wet bulb to enter stove, reduces the mode of reduction zone temperature of reaction, and concrete steps are:
1, red soil nickel ore is crushed to into below the 10mm, adding first an amount of unslaked lime drops between 20～25% its raw ore moisture, and then the red soil nickel ore of choosing after the dehydration is raw material, the commercially available agglutinant of adding 0.04～0.05% and the binding agent of 1-5%, process pair roller ball press is pressed into the oval ball nodulizing about 60mm, without sintering, directly into stove, pellet strength is 3kg～10kg/cm
2
2, with pellet: fuel: flux: wooden unit drops into the energy-conservation shaft furnace of oxygen enrichment in 1: 0.2～0.28: 0.17～0.22: 0.1 ratio and carries out low temperature smelting, tap to tap time 180min～300min, 1260 ℃～1380 ℃ of smelting temperatures, obtain nickeliferously greater than the 13% thick nickel pig iron, whole smelting process furnace pressure is all less than the stove external pressure.
The present invention has adopted based on the raw material flux batching of PLC control and the automatic control system of material loading.
Raw material flux Ingredient Automatic Control System is comprised of detecting unit, industrial computer, PLC system, topworks's part four parts, and content comprises 1) red soil nickel ore composition, flux component detect and smelt before instant on-line analysis; 2) the flux proportioning is calculated and the automatic blending process; 3) three parts of self-perfection function of flux proportioning calculating
Concrete control step is:
(1), utilize the X-fluorescence spectrograph to detect online raw material in the feed bin and the composition of flux, and deliver to the PLC central controller, the PLC system is sent to industrial computer with these detected values by Ethernet again;
(2), utilize and in industrial computer, to store the engineering application program of writing according to technology theory and experience, calculate in advance the proportioning of raw material and solvent and the signal component value of slagging tap according to the raw material that collects and solvent composition value;
(3), the proportioning of estimating to calculate is passed to the PLC central controller, in the industrial computer proportioning value of this chemical examination signal component value and precomputation and the signal component value of slagging tap are formed a relation table simultaneously, just it is stored in lane database;
(4), after the PLC central controller receives the proportioning value of precomputation, with the corresponding motorized valve action of in good time control, by the good proportion ingredient of precomputation, the PLC central controller will automatically define batch number to the material that adds and follow the tracks of simultaneously;
(5), the furnace charge of described batch of step (4) slags tap through tapping a blast furnace after the regular hour melting, to this batch iron and slag automatic sampling, sample is automatically delivered to on-line detector and is analyzed its signal component value after cooling, sample chemical examination signal component value is transferred to industrial computer;
(6), the application program in the industrial computer will be found out budget proportioning value and the slag charge signal component value that is stored in computer according to batch number, budget slag charge signal component value and actual value are compared, with reference to this comparative figure, some empirical parameter of proportioning raw materials formula is adjusted, so that the estimated value of lower batch of proportioning and slag charge composition more approaches actual value, and upgrade the value that originally was stored in database with estimated value more accurately, with this back and forth until reach best proportioning.
The automatic control system of material loading comprises small feed bin, intermediate bunker, shaft furnace, material chi control unit and self-feeding control unit.Be equipped with material chi control unit in small feed bin, intermediate bunker and the shaft furnace.Expect the chi control unit by windlass 1, wireline 2, weight 3 forms; The self-feeding control unit is by PLC system 4 and operator-machine-interface (HMI) 5, sensor detecting unit 6, and topworks 7 forms.
Material chi control unit realizes that to the detection control of expecting in the stove, windlass moves up and down by wireline pulling weight.Generally, weight tightly contacts with furnace charge owing to own wt drops on the furnace charge, the PLC system exports the lifting moment M1 of upwards rotation as moment amplitude limit value and the pulling speed that makes progress to windlass motor frequency conversion device, the wireline that connects weight and windlass is tightened, weight is subject to the lifting force effect that wireline makes progress, but moment M1 is not enough to overcome the moment M3 that weight gravity produces, weight can not move up with lifting force, on the contrary, weight still moves down along with furnace charge descends, and tightly contact with furnace charge, be contained in the position that encoder behind the windlass can be indicated furnace charge this moment.When the material chi detects when needing to furnace charge, the lifting moment M2 that upwards rotates to the output of windlass motor frequency conversion device is as moment amplitude limit value and the pulling speed that makes progress.Moment M2 is enough to overcome the moment M3 that weight gravity produces, and weight is along with the rotation of windlass upwards promotes until start bit.Can be to furnace charge when weight reaches start bit.
The self-feeding control unit divides three parts, and a part realizes three small feed bins (ore storage bunker 8, coke feed bin 9, Wingdale feed bin 10) self-feeding; Two parts realize being fed in raw material to feed bin 11 broad in the middle by three small feed bins; Three parts realize by intermediate bunker interior reinforced to shaft furnace 12.The sensor signal of the self-feeding of three small feed bins under the feed bin, will start corresponding conveyor and be fed to small feed bin when not expecting in weighing instrument detects certain small feed bin as foundation, stops the conveyor feeding when small feed bin is filled material when sensor detects.Material chi detection signal is delivered to the PLC system in real time, the material level value that the material chi is measured is low during with a certain limit position set, the PLC system produces reinforced signal thus, simultaneously which small feed bin set sequence program block will be judged according to processing requirement and need to intermediate bunker reinforcedly in the PLC system, and the required weight that adds and proportioning are provided by the second-level model machine.The PLC system exports thus and opens the small feed bin valve control signal, small feed bin begins to intermediate bunker reinforced, the required reinforced value that the PLC system is calculated in can be according to program in this process and the weighing instrument observed value under the intermediate bunker compare in real time, when both difference during less than a certain value valve closes stop to intermediate bunker reinforced.Simultaneously the PLC system provides intermediate bunker reinforced control signal in the shaft furnace, and the valve open under the intermediate bunker begins blanking, and valve closes stops to feed in raw material when the blanking value reaches programmed values.
Claims (6)
1. a method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore is characterized in that adopting negative-pressure operation, wet bulb to enter the mode smelting ferronickel of stove, reduction reduction zone temperature of reaction, and concrete steps are:
1), red soil nickel ore is crushed to into below the 10mm, adding first an amount of unslaked lime drops between 20～25% its raw ore moisture, and then the red soil nickel ore of choosing after the dehydration is raw material, the commercially available agglutinant of adding 0.04～0.05% and the binding agent of 1-5%, process pair roller ball press is pressed into the oval ball nodulizing about 60mm, without sintering, directly into stove, pellet strength is 3kg～10kg/cm
2
2), with pellet: fuel: flux: wooden unit drops into the energy-conservation shaft furnace of oxygen enrichment in 1: 0.2～0.28: 0.17～0.22: 0.1 ratio and carries out low temperature smelting, tap to tap time 180min～300min, 1260 ℃～1380 ℃ of smelting temperatures obtain nickeliferous greater than the 13% thick nickel pig iron; All adopt negative-pressure operation in the whole smelting process stove, negative pressure value is at 9.5～9.0Mpa.
2. a kind of method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the described red soil nickel ore nickel content 1.52%～3.16%, iron level 9.58%～39.58; In the thick nickel pig iron: nickel content is at the Ni of 13%～20wt%, and iron level is at 75%～82wt%.
3. a kind of method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that production process has adopted based on the raw material flux batching of PLC control and the automatic control system of material loading;
Its Raw flux Ingredient Automatic Control System is comprised of detecting unit, industrial computer, PLC system, topworks's part four parts, and content comprises 1) red soil nickel ore composition, flux component detect and smelt before instant on-line analysis; 2) the flux proportioning is calculated and the automatic blending process; 3) three parts of self-perfection function of flux proportioning calculating;
Concrete control step is:
(1), utilize the X-fluorescence spectrograph to detect online raw material in the feed bin and the composition of flux, and deliver to the PLC controller, PLC is sent to industrial computer with these detected values by Ethernet again;
(2), utilize and in industrial computer, to store the engineering application program of writing according to technology theory and experience, calculate in advance the proportioning of raw material and solvent and the signal component value of slagging tap according to the raw material that collects and solvent composition value;
(3), the proportioning of estimating to calculate is passed to the PLC controller, in the industrial computer proportioning value of this chemical examination signal component value and precomputation and the signal component value of slagging tap are formed a relation table simultaneously, just it is stored in lane database;
(4), after the PLC controller receives the proportioning value of precomputation, with the corresponding motorized valve action of in good time control, by the good proportion ingredient of precomputation, the PLC controller will automatically define batch number to the material that adds and follow the tracks of simultaneously;
(5), the furnace charge of described batch of step (4) slags tap through tapping a blast furnace after the regular hour melting, to this batch iron and slag automatic sampling, sample is automatically delivered to on-line detector and is analyzed its signal component value after cooling, sample chemical examination signal component value is transferred to industrial computer;
(6), the application program in the industrial computer will be found out budget proportioning value and the slag charge signal component value that is stored in computer according to batch number, budget slag charge signal component value and actual value are compared, with reference to this comparative figure, some empirical parameter of proportioning raw materials formula is adjusted, so that the estimated value of lower batch of proportioning and slag charge composition more approaches actual value, and upgrade the value that originally was stored in database with estimated value more accurately, with this back and forth until reach best proportioning.
4. a kind of method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that having adopted based on the raw material flux batching of PLC control and the automatic control system of material loading, comprise small feed bin, intermediate bunker, shaft furnace, material chi control unit and self-feeding control unit; Be equipped with material chi control unit in small feed bin, intermediate bunker and the shaft furnace, material chi control unit is comprised of windlass (1), wireline (2), weight (3); The self-feeding control unit is comprised of PLC system (4) and operator-machine-interface (5), sensor detecting unit (6), topworks (7).
5. a kind of method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that expecting that the chi control unit realizes the detection control to expecting in the stove, and windlass moves up and down by wireline pulling weight; Weight tightly contacts with furnace charge owing to own wt drops on the furnace charge, the PLC control unit is exported the lifting moment M1 of upwards rotation as moment amplitude limit value and the pulling speed that makes progress to windlass motor frequency conversion device, the wireline that connects weight and windlass is tightened, weight is subject to the lifting force effect that wireline makes progress, but moment M1 is not enough to overcome the moment M3 that weight gravity produces, weight can not move up with lifting force, on the contrary, weight still moves down along with furnace charge descends, and tightly contact with furnace charge, be contained in the position that encoder behind the windlass indicates furnace charge this moment; When the material chi detects when needing to furnace charge, the lifting moment M2 that upwards rotates to the output of windlass motor frequency conversion device is as moment amplitude limit value and the pulling speed that makes progress; Moment M2 is enough to overcome the moment M3 that weight gravity produces, and weight is along with the rotation of windlass upwards promotes until start bit; When weight reaches start bit to furnace charge.
6. a kind of method that adopts wet bulb to enter stove low-temperature reduction mode smelting red clay nickel ore as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that the self-feeding control unit divides three parts, it is ore storage bunker (8), coke feed bin (9), Wingdale feed bin (10) self-feeding that a part realizes three small feed bins; Two parts realize reinforced to feed bin broad in the middle (11) by three small feed bins; Three parts realize being fed in raw material in shaft furnace (12) by intermediate bunker; The sensor signal of the self-feeding of three small feed bins under the feed bin, will start corresponding conveyor and be fed to small feed bin when not expecting in weighing instrument detects certain small feed bin as foundation, stops the conveyor feeding when small feed bin is filled material when sensor detects; Material chi detection signal is delivered to the PLC system in real time, the material level value that the material chi is measured is low during with a certain limit position set, the PLC system produces reinforced signal thus, simultaneously which small feed bin set sequence program block will be judged according to processing requirement and need to intermediate bunker reinforcedly in the PLC system, and the required weight that adds and proportioning are provided by the second-level model machine; The PLC system exports thus and opens the small feed bin valve control signal, small feed bin begins to intermediate bunker reinforced, the required reinforced value that the PLC system is calculated in can be according to program in this process and the weighing instrument observed value under the intermediate bunker compare in real time, when both difference during less than a certain value valve closes stop to intermediate bunker reinforced; Simultaneously the PLC system provides intermediate bunker reinforced control signal in the shaft furnace, and the valve open under the intermediate bunker begins blanking, and valve closes stops to feed in raw material when the blanking value reaches programmed values.
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| CN109490508A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-19 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of nitrogenous test expectation system of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen |
| CN109490508B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-10-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen-containing test prediction system |
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| CN102965521B (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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