CN102962501B - Processing technology of thick-wall adapter intersecting line - Google Patents
Processing technology of thick-wall adapter intersecting line Download PDFInfo
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- CN102962501B CN102962501B CN201210429779.XA CN201210429779A CN102962501B CN 102962501 B CN102962501 B CN 102962501B CN 201210429779 A CN201210429779 A CN 201210429779A CN 102962501 B CN102962501 B CN 102962501B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technology of a thick-wall adapter intersecting line. The processing technology comprises the following steps: three-dimensional modeling of the adapter, adapter processing scheme, and numerically-controlled machine tool machining. Adapter axis is fixed on a horizontal table of a numerical control floor type boring miller in a way perpendicular to a guide rail of the machine tool and parallel to the main axis; a processing mode employs climb cutting one-way feeding path to conduct rough machining and finish machining on the intersecting line; the rough machining employs a maize milling cutter added with an auxiliary surface, and if an intersection plane is symmetrical, it can be divided into several regions for image processing; and the finish machining employs one of a milling cutter with R, a maize milling cutter and a ball end milling cutter, and a contour method. The method is efficient and conveniently operated for processing the thick-wall adapter intersecting line on the numerical control floor type boring miller; and results show that surface roughness accuracy of the intersecting line is not lower than Ra25, and shape of the intersecting line can well meet the design requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing technology of adapter, particularly a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology.
Background technology
In some large-scale pipeline weldments, usually have a lot of two barrel connecting pipes with orthogonal or have certain angle to intersect and form intersection, the end face intersected is a closed space curved surface.The method of current intersection line processing is as mainly comprised artificial gas cutting, Boring machine processing, numerical control plasma cutting machine, for the adapter cylindrical shell of wall thickness more than 50mm, the intersection that three kinds of methods process all also needs subsequent treatment well could meet designing requirement.Subsequent treatment is generally by manual polishing, but efficiency and low, and also polishing profile out well can not reach the designing requirement going out cambered surface with cylindrical shell perforate and match.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art adopts manual polishing intersection inefficiency, the thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology that a kind of working (machining) efficiency is high, processing cost is low, easy to operate is provided.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology, described processing technology comprises the following steps:
Step one, adapter three-dimensional modeling, utilize UG(Unigraphics NX on computers) Software on Drawing go out need processing adapter three-dimensional pass through surface chart mutually;
Step 2, adapter processing scheme, Choice and process mode, machined parameters be set, carry out track inspection, whether inspection crosses cuts and interfere; If there is cutting, interfere, then reselected processing mode, machined parameters, until there is not cutting and interfered; If there is not cutting, interfere, utilize UG Software Create to describe the toolpath file of process, then post processor reads toolpath file and process generation NC code (numerical control code);
Step 3, Digit Control Machine Tool are processed, CNC machine (computer digital control machine tool) adopts numerical control floor type boring and milling machine, NC code is transferred to CNC machine numerical control device by input unit, digital control system carries out decoding, data processing, interpolation to NC code, CNC machine, according to the requirement of NC code, completes the processing of intersection line;
Wherein:
Adapter axis is to be fixed on numerical control floor type boring and milling machine level table perpendicular to machine tool guideway, the mode that is parallel to main shaft; The mode program composition of placement is simpler, working (machining) efficiency is higher than adopting adapter axis to parallel with machine tool guideway horizontal stand to adopt adapter axis mode that is perpendicular with machine tool guideway, that parallel with machine tool chief axis;
Processing mode adopts the unidirectional feed path of climb cutting, and feed from top to bottom, from far point near point feed; Because be attached to cutter rigidity, cutter can be allowed like this to there will not be the phenomenon of knife, and adopt the unidirectional feed path of climb cutting, than upmilling method cutter suffered by resistance less, processing get up easier;
Processing mode comprises roughing and fine finishining, and rough machined object removes (row is thick) to make adapter pass through blank unnecessary on curved surface 2 mutually, and accurately machined object passes through face mutually to repair further, thus obtain good finished surface;
Further, maize milling cutter is selected in roughing, and any one milling cutter in arc end face milling cutters, maize milling cutter and rose cutter is selected in fine finishining; Reason with the adapter blank intersection line surface roughness that will process comparatively large (>Ra50), intersection is again a three-dimension curved surface, and the normal line vector of each point on curved surface is different, so have requirement to cutter rigidity, cutting edge; If the mistake using common end face milling cutters well can not control cutter is cut and interference, and this processing method is the process having cutter to kill cutter in adapter, so preferably consider with circular arc face cutter, maize milling cutter or rose cutter; Meet design requirement (<Ra25) of the intersection line surface roughness processed, wherein rose cutter processing effect is best, can obtain more smooth surface, and the adapter precision after processing can reach surface roughness Ra 3.2.
Preferably, the value of the roughing parameter in described processing mode is set to respectively:
Adopt maize milling cutter, tool diameter 80mm, feed is about 600mm/min, and the amount of feeding is about 14mm, cutter rotating speed <400r/min.
Preferably, the value of the fine finishining parameter in described processing mode is set to respectively:
Adopt arc end face milling cutters, tool diameter 160mm, feed is about 850mm/min, and the amount of feeding is about 14mm, cutter rotating speed 400-500r/min.
Consider diameter and the thickness of adapter, if choice for use rose cutter, then need the rose cutter of more than Φ 50mm, consider cost and precision, need finally to select diameter 160mm arc end face milling cutters through overtesting, can designing requirement be reached equally.
Preferably, add auxiliary quadric surface in described roughing process and participate in processing.Like this when carrying out surperficial roughing with major diameter cutter, the machining area that cutter can not be entered people is rejected outside, reduces the amount of calculation of processing curve, obtains shorter cutter path, shortens the empty movement travel of cutter, improves working (machining) efficiency.
Preferably, in described roughing process, when two tubular axis are O at a distance of e, be divided into several region process separately passing through curved surface mutually, namely the image feature of CNC machine digital control system is utilized, only need generate the NC code of the wherein side region free form surface passing through curved surface symmetry mutually, just can generate the NC code passing through curved surface symmetrical opposite side region free form surface mutually by mirror image, thus complete the processing of whole intersection.
Preferably, contour sharp processing is adopted in described finishing passes.
Consider gasification furnace intersection line profile, the processing scheme of contour profile is adopted in UG software fine finishining modeling process, contour contour processing method contributes in dynamic analog cutter finishing passes, detect cutter and intersection coupling, play the effect mutually revised, program speed can be improved like this and reduce adapter process time and the crudy of taking over can be improved.
Preferably, described finishing passes can adopt twice and above fine finishining according to required precision.Fine finishining repeatedly can obtain more smooth surface, meets the requirement of different designs precision.
compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention take UG as platform, the UG utilizing it embedded processes basic module, a set of can calculating and the automatic method obtaining intersection numerical control machining code is have studied for numerical control floor type boring and milling machine processing intersection, by the technological parameters such as cutter path and postpositive disposal, finally generate NC code, for Digit Control Machine Tool processing intersection line.Make to process in this way thick-walled takeover intersection efficiency high, easy to operate, result shows that intersection surface roughness reaches below Ra12.5, and intersection profile can be good at meeting designing requirement.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is processing process figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 a is that front view is intersected at a certain angle in the face of cylinder of the embodiment of the present invention two different-diameters.
Fig. 2 b is the left view of Fig. 2 a.
Fig. 3 is that embodiment of the present invention adapter passes through surface chart mutually.
Fig. 4 a is that front view is intersected at a certain angle in the face of cylinder of two different-diameters of the present invention, and two tubular axis distances
e=0.
Fig. 4 b is the left view of Fig. 4 a.
The face of cylinder that Fig. 5 is two different-diameters described in Fig. 4 face of passing through the mutually figure that intersects.
Mark in figure: 1, take over, 2, parent cylinder, 3, three-dimensional passes through curved surface one mutually, 4, three-dimensional passes through curved surface two mutually.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with test example and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment, all technology realized based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As Fig. 1,2a, 2b, 3, a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology, wherein adapter 1 and parent cylinder 2 are with angle [alpha] oblique, and two cylinder axis have certain distance
e, two these techniques comprise the following steps:
One, adapter three-dimensional modeling:
Utilize UG(Unigraphics NX) the Software on Drawing graphics that passes through mutually with parent cylinder 2 of adapter 1 well, then unnecessary part is cropped, namely obtain required passing through surface chart (entity) 3 mutually.
Two, adapter processing scheme:
1) process principle
α is crossing at a certain angle on the face of cylinder of two identical or different diameters, intersect to form intersection be closed space curved surface, as accompanying drawing 1, at the middle founding mathematical models of cartesian coordinate system X ' Y ' Z ', adapter center is the programming zero of X ' Y ', O ' be zero point intersection line axial direction recently to the half of the distance in solstics as zero point, Z ' direction is along adapter axis direction, X ' is perpendicular to Z ' axle and point to adapter 1 homonymy, and Y ' axle is determined by right-hand rule; The center of circle O of coordinate system XYZ overlaps in the projection of front view with O ' in the projection of front view, point O is apart e with some O ', (be axis vertical take-off as e=0, as e > 0, eccentric axis) X-axis sensing cylinder axial direction, Z axis is perpendicular to cylinder axis, and Y-axis is determined by right-hand rule and pointed to same direction with Y '.
In process, cutter is done with r(r to be adapter radius in X ' Y ' plane) be the projection uniform circular motion of radius, conveniently programme, the motion that can set in X ' Y ' plane is main motion; The cutting movement of cutter is controlled, when point of a knife is from θ with the change of control θ angle
1point goes to θ
2when point, turn over θ
2-θ
1angle, imports above-mentioned mathematic(al) representation by Digit Control Machine Tool Variable Control in a program and controls any point P in cutter path
nthe precision of (x, y, z).
By deriving, the equation of intersection line 3 is:
（1）
2) clamping prepares
Two faces of cylinder of the present embodiment are intersected, and (as Fig. 2 a, 2b, Fig. 3) tube diameter is 1760mm, thickness 180mm, and parent cylinder 2 diameter is 3310mm, thickness 180mm; Adapter 1 and parent cylinder 2 axis are apart
e=30mm, adapter 1 and parent cylinder 2 axis angle are
α=45 °.Adopt numerical control floor type boring and milling machine processing intersection, owing to being two cylinders of oblique, intersection line is three-dimension curved surface 3, adopt the mode that adapter 1 axis (Z ' direction) and machine tool guideway level table (X ' Y ' plane) are perpendicular, with turntable, the adapter of pressing plate localization and clamping on lathe, adapter 1 cylindrical shell bus is consistent with lathe boring direction of principal axis and be fixed on workbench, then utilizes seeking border to find out adapter X, the value of Y-direction central point in lathe coordinate system, as adapter coordinate origin.
It should be noted that, that experiment proves to adopt adapter 1 axis and the perpendicular mode of machine tool guideway horizontal stand is simpler than the mode program composition adopting adapter 1 axis with machine tool guideway horizontal stand and parallel placement, working (machining) efficiency is higher.
3) processing mode
Consider that adapter 1 tube wall is thicker, the designing requirement (<Ra25) of intersection surface roughness be met, therefore fine finishining after adopting first roughing.Rough machined object removes (row is thick) to make adapter pass through blank unnecessary on curved surface 3 mutually, and accurately machined object passes through face 3 mutually to repair further, thus obtain good finished surface.Be attached to cutter rigidity, cutter relieving does not have the phenomenon of knife, and cutter feed path is set as unidirectional feed, from top to bottom feed, from far point near point feed; Experiment proves to adopt the unidirectional feed path of climb cutting, than upmilling method cutter suffered by resistance less, it is easier that processing is got up.Further:
A. roughing, due to adapter blank intersection line 3 surface roughness comparatively large (>Ra50) that will process, intersection is again a three-dimension curved surface, and the normal line vector of each point on curved surface is different, so have requirement to cutter rigidity, cutting edge.If the mistake using common end face milling cutters well can not control cutter is cut and interference, and this processing method is the process having cutter to kill cutter in adapter, so preferably consideration rose cutter or maize milling cutter.Consider designing requirement and the cost of charp tool, the present embodiment roughing finally selects diameter to be the maize milling cutter of 80mm through overtesting, and feed is about 600mm/min, and the amount of feeding is about 14mm, and cutter rotating speed is less than 400r/min.
In addition, auxiliary quadric surface can be added in roughing process and participate in processing, like this when carrying out surperficial roughing with major diameter cutter, the machining area that cutter can not be entered people is rejected outside, reduce the amount of calculation of processing curve, obtain shorter cutter path, shorten the empty movement travel of cutter, improve working (machining) efficiency.
B. fine finishining, because fine finishining object passes through curved surface 3 surface roughness (<Ra25) mutually in order to reduce adapter, obtain more smooth surface, preferably use any one milling cutter in circular arc end face, maize milling cutter and rose cutter, surface roughness can be reduced, obtain more smooth surface, especially use rose cutter, the adapter precision after its processing can reach surface roughness Ra 1.6.Consider adapter 1 diameter and thickness, if use rose cutter, then need the rose cutter of more than Φ 50mm, consider cost and precision, finally select diameter to be the arc end face milling cutters of 160mm through overtesting, feed is about 850mm/min, and the amount of feeding is about 14mm, cutter rotating speed 400-500r/min, finally obtaining taking over the surface roughness of passing through curved surface 3 is mutually about Ra12.5.
Consider gasification furnace intersection line 3 profile, the processing scheme of contour profile is adopted in UG software fine finishining modeling process, contour contour processing method contributes in dynamic analog cutter finishing passes, detect cutter and intersection coupling, play the effect mutually revised, program speed can be improved like this and reduce adapter process time and the crudy of taking over can be improved.
4) machined parameters
Adopt the mode of graphical human-machine's dialogue, each numerical value such as setting processing mode, tool radius, feed, the amount of feeding, cutter rotating speed, its value is respectively:
Roughing: maize milling cutter, tool diameter 80mm, feed is about 600mm/min, and the amount of feeding is about 14mm, cutter rotating speed <400r/min;
Fine finishining: arc end face milling cutters, tool diameter 160 mm, feed is about 850mm/min, and the amount of feeding is about 14mm, cutter rotating speed 400-500r/min.
5) track inspection
Whether searching cutter path is crossed is cut and interferes, if there is cutting or interfered, then gets back in step 2 (3) and readjusts machined parameters again, cutter path is simulated again, then carry out interference checking, until do not interfere.
6) NC code
Utilize CAM(computer-aided manufacturing) software, generate according to the architectural feature of processing object, concrete machined parameters etc. the toolpath file describing process; Then the toolpath file generated by CAM system is read by post processor, therefrom extract relevant machining information, and require to carry out analyzing, judge and process according to the feature of designation number controlled machine and NC program format, final generate Digit Control Machine Tool the NC program of energy Direct Recognition.
Three, Digit Control Machine Tool processing:
With input unit as USB flash disk, disc driver etc. NC code transfer to CNC machine (computer digital control machine tool) numerical control device, digital control system carries out decoding, data processing, interpolation to NC code, CNC machine, according to the requirement of NC code, finally completes the processing of intersection line 3 step by step.
Embodiment 2
As Fig. 1,4a, 4b, 5, a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology, wherein adapter 1 and parent cylinder 2 are with angle
α=45 ° of obliques, and two tubular axis distances
e=0, the step that this technique comprises is identical with embodiment 1.In addition, because two tubular axis distances are 0, then three coordinate systems of two cylindrical shells are all initial point O(or O '), it is symmetrical that the three-dimensional that two cylindrical shells intersect passes through curved surface 24 mutually relative to Y ' Z ' plane, therefore in roughing process, the mode that mirror image is processed can be adopted, three-dimensional is passed through curved surface 24 mutually and is divided into several region and processes separately, specific as follows:
As shown in Figure 5, three-dimensional is passed through curved surface 24 mutually and is divided into upper left (the first octant), lower-left (the 4th octant), upper right (the second octant), bottom right (the 3rd octant) four regions, each region just becomes a free form surface; Therefore the image feature of CNC machine digital control system can be utilized, mirror image passes through the upper left (upper right) of curved surface 4, the NC code of lower-left (bottom right) region free form surface mutually, just can mirror image generate upper right (upper left), bottom right (lower-left) region free form surface NC code, thus complete the processing that whole three-dimensional passes through curved surface 4 mutually, so very greatly in degree, decrease programming amount.
It should be noted that, in finishing passes, do not need the image feature adopting CNC machine digital control system in theory, but adopt cutter directly to cover omnidistance method.Because if employing image feature, the transitional region of several free form surfaces of mirror image there will be " blind area " of convex epirelief after fine finishining, can have influence on whole surface roughness of passing through curved surface 4 mutually; And whole process directly covered by cutter, pass through curved surface 4 mutually and can obtain more coherent, smooth surface.But in actual mechanical process, in order to save time, change cutter force-bearing situation, the mirror image in division four regions the same with roughing is adopted to process, before each region processing, artificial adjustment tool coordinate, cover " blind area ", so also can reach the effect eliminating convex epirelief.
By reference to the accompanying drawings detailed description has been done to embodiments of the invention above, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, can also makes a variety of changes in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess.Such as, shallow plane machining is adopted according to the feature of passing through curved surface mutually in cutter finishing passes of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology, comprises the following steps:
Step one, adapter three-dimensional modeling, utilize UG Software on Drawing to go out to need the adapter three-dimensional of processing to pass through surface chart mutually on computers;
Step 2, adapter processing scheme, Choice and process mode, arrange machined parameters, carry out track inspection, verifiedly cut and interfere, generate NC code;
Step 3, Digit Control Machine Tool are processed, and CNC machine adopts numerical control floor type boring and milling machine, and CNC machine process NC code, completes the processing of intersection line;
It is characterized in that, in described step 3:
Adapter axis is to be fixed on numerical control floor type boring and milling machine level table perpendicular to machine tool guideway, the mode that is parallel to main shaft;
Processing mode adopts the unidirectional feed path of climb cutting, and feed from top to bottom, from far point near point feed;
Processing mode comprises roughing and fine finishining, and maize milling cutter is selected in roughing, and any one milling cutter in arc end face milling cutters, maize milling cutter and rose cutter is selected in fine finishining.
2. a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the value of the roughing parameter in described processing mode is set to respectively:
Adopt maize milling cutter, tool diameter 80mm, feed is 600mm/min, and the amount of feeding is 14mm, and cutter rotating speed is less than 400r/min.
3. a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the value of the fine finishining parameter in described processing mode is set to respectively:
Adopt arc end face milling cutters, tool diameter 160mm, feed is 850mm/min, and the amount of feeding is 14mm, and cutter rotating speed is 400-500r/min.
4. a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adds auxiliary quadric surface and participate in processing in described roughing process.
5. a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described roughing process, when two tubular axis distances are 0, it is symmetrical that curved surface is passed through in adapter mutually, be divided into several region process separately passing through curved surface mutually, first generate the NC code of the wherein side region free form surface passing through curved surface symmetry mutually, the image feature of recycling CNC machine digital control system, mirror image generates the NC code passing through curved surface symmetrical opposite side region free form surface mutually, thus completes the processing of whole intersection.
6. a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology according to claim 3, is characterized in that, adopt contour sharp processing in described finishing passes.
7. a kind of thick-walled takeover intersection processing technology according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described finishing passes adopts twice and above fine finishining according to required precision.
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| CN106141368B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-09-14 | 青岛海西重机有限责任公司 | A kind of FLAME NC cutting method of steel pipe full penetration intersection groove |
| CN108481093B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-07-23 | 中国核工业第五建设有限公司 | A kind of pressure inlet inside intersection polishing process |
| CN112091625A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-18 | 杜卓杰 | Welding device for escalator guardrail |
| CN112222497B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-09-13 | 一重集团大连核电石化有限公司 | Method for processing large conical adapter space curved surface on three-axis linkage milling machine |
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