CN102958062B - Superframe-based low-energy-consumption media access control method in wireless body area network - Google Patents
Superframe-based low-energy-consumption media access control method in wireless body area network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a superframe-based low-energy-consumption media access control method in a wireless body area network, mainly solving the problems of high energy consumption and failure in adaption to data heterogeneity of a competitive mechanism of the current protocol in the wireless body area network. The superframe-based low-energy-consumption media access control method comprises the steps of: dividing a superframe into three stages: a WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) intranet data period, a period of communication between an individual terminal and a public network, and a WBAN reserved alarm period; setting three priority levels including high priority, secondary-high priority and common priority for each node by a coordinator node by means of monitoring abnormal data and calculating cache and time delay of each sensor node in the intranet data period; and allocating different time slot lengths and sequences according to three priorities. Under the condition that that cache and time delay meet the condition that, time delay is fully utilized, and the characteristic of the data heterogeneity in the wireless body area network is better adapted. Due to synchronism of data, without data interaction, all sensor nodes can judge whether to enter into a sleep mode or not just according to the local cache and the emission rate, thus reducing communication loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, relate to media access control method, specifically a kind of media access control method that can be used in wireless body area network, the method, under the prerequisite ensureing time delay and buffer memory, utilizes time slot to greatest extent.
Background technology
Wireless body area network (WBAN, Wireless Body Area Network) is a branch of wireless sensor network (WSN, Wireless Sensor Network).The communication network that it is made up of each node and personal terminal etc. of being distributed in person surface and body interior.It is not only the solution of a kind of new pervasive health care, diseases monitoring and prevention, or the important perception of Internet of Things (Internet of Things) and part.
A typical apply of wireless body area network is in remote medical monitoring.Can by the sensor node of human peripheral, by the sign (core signal ECG of human body, blood pressure, body temperature, blood sugar etc.) synchronizing information is in personal terminal, can be shown by handheld terminal (PDA), and be sent in remote server, for real-time early warning and follow-up diagnoses and treatment by public network (GPRS etc.).Human body is become a part for communication by WBAN, carries out real-time when not affecting physical activity, and long-range monitoring, achieves ubiquitousization of network, easily the life of people.
In addition, WBAN technology, not only for medical applications, can also be applied to show business, sports, military field etc.
Wireless body area network mainly contains following feature: one is because sensor node is wearable or implantable biology sensor, therefore, proposes very high requirement to the volume of the node of WBAN, thus limits energy and the buffer memory of sensor node.Two is that communication distance is short, and network topology is relatively fixing.The communication distance of WBAN is 2-5 rice, and network topology mostly is the Star Network centered by personal terminal.Three is the isomerisms due to sensor node, and the data rate differential between different sensors is larger.The data transfer rate gap of such as electrocardiosignal and temperature signals is just about 5 powers of 10.The main energy ezpenditure of sensor node is at wave point and MAC(medium education) on layer protocol, therefore, the mac-layer protocol of a low energy consumption can extend the life span of network greatly.
Through finding existing literature search, Chinese Patent Application No. 201110057737.3, name is called the efficient media connection control method based on superframe in wireless body area network.Propose a kind of media access control method based on IEEE802.15.4 superframe structure, ensure that high-priority service is with more high success rate transmission.But the program still have employed IEEE802.15.4 superframe structure, and competition mechanism introduces additional energy.
Find through retrieval again, S.J.Marinkovic, E.M.Popovici, C.Spagnol, S.Faul, and W.P.Marnane, " Energy-Efficient Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocol for Wireless Body AreaNetworks; " Ieee Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol.13, pp.915-925, Nov 2009, propose the structure of a kind of full TDMA, but this structure can not can not ensure the utilance of time slot.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to improve the shortcoming of competition mechanism power consumption in the mac-layer protocol of existing WBAN, a kind of agreement based on TDMA is provided, and proposes a kind of Slot Allocation Algorithm, ensure the utilance of time slot, reduce communication energy consumption.
The present invention for achieving the above object, adopts following technical scheme:
The hardware that the present invention relates to comprises personal terminal (coordinator node) and sensor node.Sensor node depends on human body surface or implants, and gathers Human Physiology information, and is delivered in personal terminal (coordinator node) by the agreement of design.The information collected is delivered in Home eNodeB or remote server by the agreements such as 802.11 by personal terminal (coordinator node).
The present invention adopts the network topology of star network, based on the TDMA access way of superframe.Superframe is defined as three phases: first stage is the WBAN intranet data stage, and the described WBAN intranet data stage comprises again beacon period and time slot phase.Second stage be personal terminal (telegon) with public network stage of communication, by the agreements such as 802.11, the information collected from the WBAN Intranet stage is delivered on public network (GPRS).Phase III is WBAN Intranet warning stage, sends warning message in time in telegon for WBAN sensor node under sleep quality.
The technical thought realizing the object of the invention is: change existing competition mechanism, adopts time division multiplexing.Make the telegon of WBAN network have global information by data syn-chronization, by the WBAN intranet data stage in superframe, dynamic assignment is carried out to time slot.Ensureing, under the prerequisite that buffer memory does not overflow, time delay meets the demands, to make full use of time slot as much as possible.
The superframe first stage WBAN intranet data that the present invention relates to comprises beacon period and time slot phase period, and its media access control method, comprises the following steps:
Step one: arrange network configuration: the physiological information gathered needed for node, is placed in the relevant position of health by the node gathering different pieces of information business.Open the wireless communication module of sensor node.
Step 2: coordinator node broadcasts initialization frame when network is set up, initialization frame comprises wireless transmission speed Rb, superframe length T_frame, slot length Ts, maximum number of time slots N, time slot allocation order protocol parameter of Denging.After sensor node receives initialization frame, by the reference record that comprises in agreement in local cache, and according to time slot allocation order in frame, coordinator node is sent to successively by replying frame, reply content frame and comprise this node sample speed fs, cache size Buffer, the information such as delay requirement Delay.After telegon receives reply, be saved in buffer memory.Initialization terminates.
Step 3: telegon enters beacon period when superframe starts, telegon is by calculating, and the time-slot sequence of each sensor node of dynamic assignment shared by the time slot phase of this superframe and length, give each sensor node by beacon frame information.
The number of time slots distributing to each sensor node is obtained by following steps:
1. when superframe starts, coordinator node according to the sample rate f s_i of each sensor node, to calculate in the cache size of each sensor node and buffer memory the earliest sampled data to the time delay of current time.Thus calculating according to transmission rate the timeslot number that each sensor node requires transmission in this superframe, i-th sensor node requires that the timeslot number transmitted is designated as Mi.
2. sensor node detects abnormal data or alarm signal in sampling process, then by data interaction, alarm signal is delivered to telegon.If detect in certain sensor node data have abnormal data alarm signal when superframe starts, then this sensor node is designated as high priority.In order to make alarm signal transmit in time, time slot must be distributed in this superframe.The number of time slots distributing to priority node is Mi.
3. judge whether the sensor node of normal priority meets the condition of time delay and buffer memory in next superframe transmission, both, when the sensor node having calculated normal priority is arranged into the intranet data stage transmission of next superframe, its time delay is eased up the time delay and buffer memory condition of depositing and whether meeting maximum permission.If do not meet, then this sensor node is designated as high priority.Represent and meet time delay and caching situation, time slot must be distributed in this superframe.The number of time slots distributing to priority node is Mi.Until the peer distribution of all high priorities is complete or reach the maximum number of time slots of superframe.
4. the timeslot number of the sensor node distributing to high priority is added up, judge whether to reach maximum timeslot number in superframe, namely judge in superframe, whether time slot has residue.If be no more than, namely in superframe, time slot has residue, then the buffer memory judging whether in normal priority node reaches maximum amount of data (Ts*Rb) the i.e. Mi that a time slot can send and whether is greater than 1.If have, be then set to time high priority, the timeslot number distributing to time priority node is Mi-1.Until the Mi of all normal priority nodes equals 1 or reach the maximum timeslot number of superframe.
Above-described distribution timeslot number can draw, the node of the transducer of high priority exists time slot and utilizes discontented situation, and the sensor node of secondary high priority does not exist above-mentioned situation.Because sensor node carries out data sampling what continue, therefore in a superframe, transmit before the node of secondary high priority is come priority node, the slot efficiency of the sensor node of high priority can be made large as far as possible.The order of concrete time slot allocation is as follows:
1. select time high priority sensor node.Arranging from big to small with the timeslot number distributed, transmitting arranging the maximum node of timeslot number at first, until secondary high priority sensor node distributes completely.
2. select high priority sensor node, arrange from high to low according to sample rate, after node the highest for sample rate being put into time high priority sensor node, until high priority sensor node distributes (or reaching the maximum timeslot number of superframe) completely.
By being put in order above, from front to back successively: distribute the secondary priority node that timeslot number is larger, the secondary priority node that timeslot number is less is distributed, the priority node that sample rate is larger, the priority node that sample rate is less.
Step 4: each sensor node continuous acquisition information, by information with the mode of first-in first-out (FIFO, First In First Out) preserve in local cache.
After initialization terminates, wireless communication module acquiescence selects closed condition.When superframe starts, enter time slot after date, whether the data that first sensor node judges in local cache reach the maximum amount of data (Ts*Rb) that a time slot can send.If do not reach, then do not accept beacon frame, continue sleep pattern (close wireless communication module, but CPU and sample activity proceeding).If reach, then open wireless communication module, after receiving beacon frame, enter sleep pattern, until distribute in telegon beacon frame oneself time slot arrive time, open wireless communication module, by the data in buffer memory by dataframe in telegon.
Data frame content comprises: the data of sensor sample, current cache service condition, abnormal data warning message.If this time this node of superframe does not distribute time slot, then sleep terminates to this superframe always.As above-mentioned proceeding judges whether to continue sleep when next superframe starts.
If judge abnormal data in sleep procedure, then warning message to add in Frame and is sent to telegon by the time slot by distributing, if this time this node of superframe does not distribute time slot, is then sent in telegon in the mode of warning stage by warning frame.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. present invention employs full TDMA structure, decrease in CSMA the energy consumption kept out of the way and detect channel and bring.
2. the present invention is by the setting of high priority, secondary high priority and normal priority, and the method for dynamic time slot allocation based on three kinds of priority, has adapted to the Heterogeneous data in wireless body area network.Take full advantage of time slot, thus reduce energy consumption.
3. the present invention is based on the data syn-chronization of telegon and sensor node, be provided with the sleep pattern not needing data interaction.Decrease loss of communications.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is hub-and-spoke network topology figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is superframe structure schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is network establishment stage data exchange process schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is coordinator node dynamic assignment time slot flow chart in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is each sensor node flow chart in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are further described: the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed execution mode and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
For wireless body area network sign medical monitoring, as shown in Figure 1, the hub-and-spoke network topology figure in this example centered by personal terminal (telegon).Comprising various medical sensor node.Node 1 is personal terminal (telegon), and node 2 is pre ure tra ducer, and node 3 is core signal sensor, and node 4 is body temperature trans, and node 5 is pulse transducer, and node 6,7 is acceleration transducer, and node 8 is public network access point.System comprises two-layer, and ground floor is the WBAN Intranet stage, and telegon collects an information of sensor node collection by interior fidonetFido.The second layer is telegon and public network access point stage of communication, and above-mentioned information is sent on public network by the agreements such as 802.11 by telegon.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of superframe.The present invention adopts the TDMA access way based on superframe.1 and 2 stages were the WBAN intranet data stage.Wherein 1 is beacon period, and 2 is the data phase.Data are interim is divided into again multiple time slot.3 is that personal terminal is with public network stage of communication.4 is WBAN warning stage, sends alarm signal in time in telegon for Intranet sensor node under sleep quality
The concrete networking and information transmitting methods comprise the following steps:
Step one: arrange network configuration: the physiological information gathered needed for node, is placed in the relevant position of health by the node gathering different pieces of information business.According to the type (blood pressure, electrocardiosignal, body temperature, pulse, acceleration) of each sensor node sampled data, each node sample data transfer rate fs, cache size Buffer are set, the information such as permissible delay Delay, in write nodal cache, open wireless communication module.
Described sensor node adopts CC2530 chip, and according to the wireless transmission speed Rb=250kbps and the data package size that adopt chip, selection slot length is Ts=5ms.According to the time elongatedness that each sensor node allows, selection superframe length is T_frame=250ms.By in above-mentioned information write telegon buffer memory.
Step 2: as shown in Figure 3, coordinator node broadcasts initialization frame when network is set up, and initialization frame comprises wireless transmission speed Rb, superframe length T_frame, slot length Ts, maximum number of time slots N, time slot allocation order protocol parameter of Denging.After sensor node receives initialization frame, by the reference record that comprises in agreement in local cache, and according to time slot allocation order in frame, coordinator node is sent to successively by replying frame, reply content frame and comprise this node sample speed fs, cache size Buffer, the information such as delay requirement Delay.After telegon receives reply, be saved in buffer memory.Initialization terminates.
Step 3: as Fig. 4, time slot allocation number is obtained by following steps:
1. when superframe starts, coordinator node judges each sensor node cache condition, calculates the timeslot number required by each sensor node current cache according to transmission rate.Timeslot number required for i-th node is designated as Mi.
2. judging whether that the data of node-node transmission contain warning message one by one, if having, is high priority by this vertex ticks.In order to make alarm signal transmit in time, the timeslot number distributing to this node is Mi.Until all peer distribution containing warning message are complete or reach the maximum timeslot number of superframe.
3. calculate the sensor node of normal priority be arranged into intranet data stage of next superframe last when, its time delay is eased up the time delay and buffer memory condition of depositing and whether meeting maximum permission.If do not meet, then this sensor node is designated as high priority.In order to meet the situation of time delay and buffer memory, the timeslot number distributing to this node is Mi.Until the peer distribution of all high priorities is complete or reach the maximum timeslot number of superframe.
3. judge whether superframe slots number has residue, if have, the buffer memory judging whether in normal priority node reaches the maximum amount of data that a time slot can send, namely whether Mi is greater than 1, if have, then be set to time high priority, in order to make full use of time slot, the timeslot number distributing to this node is Mi-1.Until the Mi of all normal priority nodes equals 1 or reach the maximum timeslot number of superframe.
The order of time slot allocation is obtained by following steps:
Secondary high priority sensor node is in the front transfer of high priority sensor node.Arrange time priority node from big to small according to Mi, arrange priority node from big to small according to sample rate.
Information adds in beacon frame, is sent in each sensor node after obtaining the order of time slot allocation and quantity by telegon.
Step 4: as Fig. 5, the order of the information collected according to first-in first-out, according to sample rate continuous acquisition signal alone, is deposited in local cache by each sensor node.When superframe starts, calculate according to data transmission rate, judge whether the data in buffer memory reach the maximum number of byte of a time slot transmission.If do not reach, do not accept beacon, continue to close wireless communication module, enter sleep pattern and terminate to current super frame.If reach, open wireless communication module, close wireless communication module after accepting beacon signal and enter sleep pattern.Carry out data transmission according to the time slot distributed in superframe, after transmission, proceed to sleep pattern at once.If do not distribute time slot in current super frame, then sleep terminates to current super frame always.
Step 5: enter personal terminal (telegon) with public network stage of communication, the information collected in WBAN network is sent in public network by the agreements such as 802.11 by telegon.
Step 6: enter WBAN Intranet warning stage, if certain sensor node detects abnormal data in sampling process, if distribute to this node slot time in present frame, then be sent in telegon by time slot frame, if do not distribute to this node slot time in present frame, then by this stage, be sent in telegon by warning frame.
Repeat to enter step one, enter in the structure of next superframe.
Term illustrates:
WBAN: wireless body area network
IOT: Internet of Things
GPRS: general packet radio service
PDA: personal digital assistant
ECG: electrocardiogram
CSMA/CA: carrier sense multiple access interference is avoided
TDMA: time-division multiplexing multiple access accesses
MAC: medium education
IEEE: IEEE-USA.
Claims (3)
1. in wireless body area network based on a low energy consumption media access control method for superframe, it is characterized in that: described control method adopts the TDMA access way based on hub-and-spoke network topology and superframe structure; Described superframe structure comprises three phases, and first stage is WBAN intranet data period, second stage be personal terminal with public network communication, three phases is that WBAN reserves warning period; Described personal terminal is telegon;
Described superframe first stage WBAN intranet data comprises beacon period and time slot phase period, and its media access control method comprises the following steps:
(1) arrange network configuration, the node gathering different pieces of information business is placed in the relevant position of health, opens the communication module of sensor node;
(2) coordinator node broadcasts initialization frame when network is set up, and comprises netinit information and distributes slot length and order; By replying frame, local node attribute information is sent in coordinator node successively according to allocation order after sensor node receives initialization frame;
(3) enter beacon period when superframe starts, telegon is by calculating, and the time-slot sequence of each sensor node of dynamic assignment shared by the time slot phase of this superframe and length, give each sensor node by beacon frame information;
(4) enter time slot after date, each sensor node, by buffer memory determination methods, determines receive beacon or continue sleep; If reception beacon, then the time slot by distributing in beacon frame, when the time slot phase, is sent in telegon by the information that this locality gathers; By buffer memory, each transducer judges whether that receiving letter calibration method is that sensor node judges the maximum number of byte whether local current cache number reaches a time slot and can send, if reach, then opens wireless communication module, receives beacon; If do not reach, then continue sleep pattern;
Described telegon at the method step of beacon period dynamic assignment number of time slots is:
(1) coordinator node is according to the sample rate of each sensor node, calculates the cache size of each sensor node, and the time delay of sampled data the earliest in buffer memory, calculates according to transmission rate the timeslot number that each node transmits in the requirement of this superframe;
(2) if coordinator node detects that certain sensor node has abnormal data or alarm signal, then this node is designated as high priority, the timeslot number distributing to this node is the timeslot number calculating this node of gained needs in step (1);
(3) judge whether each normal priority sensor node next superframe transmissions of sleeping meets the condition of time delay and buffer memory; If do not meet, be then high priority by this type of vertex ticks, the timeslot number distributing to this category node is the timeslot number that above-mentioned this node of calculating gained needs;
(4) if time slot has residue in superframe, then the maximum number of byte whether buffer memory number in each normal priority sensor node reaches a time slot and can send is judged; If reach, be then designated as time high priority, the timeslot number distributing to time high priority is the timeslot number that this node can be fully loaded with, and the timeslot number namely calculating gained in step (1) subtracts one.
2. in wireless body area network according to claim 1 based on the low energy consumption media access control method of superframe, it is characterized in that: described telegon is that time high priority transducer timeslot number is as requested arranged in front, after high priority transducer is arranged in from big to small according to sample rate from big to small in the method for beacon period dynamic assignment time-slot sequence.
3. in wireless body area network according to claim 1 based on the low energy consumption media access control method of superframe, it is characterized in that: described superframe three phases WBAN reserves the judgment mode that warning reserves warning period and is, when sensor node is in sleep pattern, monitor abnormal data signal, if current super frame distributes time slot, then by warning message by dataframe to coordinator node; If current super frame is unallocated this node slot time, then by reserved warning period, be sent in coordinator node by warning frame.
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| CN107707326B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-08-23 | 鹤壁天海电子信息系统有限公司 | A kind of TDMA two-stage time slot management method of terminaloriented |
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| CN113055974B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-08-05 | 哈尔滨海能达科技有限公司 | Method for distributing beacons in narrow-band data ad hoc network of private network Internet of things and related device |
| CN113259887B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2023-01-20 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Power distribution body area network and transmission method thereof |
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