CN102952386A - Gradient magnetostriction material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gradient magnetostriction material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102952386A CN102952386A CN2012104332647A CN201210433264A CN102952386A CN 102952386 A CN102952386 A CN 102952386A CN 2012104332647 A CN2012104332647 A CN 2012104332647A CN 201210433264 A CN201210433264 A CN 201210433264A CN 102952386 A CN102952386 A CN 102952386A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a gradient magnetostriction material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises that: a certain amount of a magnetostriction alloy is added to an organic polymer monomer, uniform mechanical stirring is performed under an appropriate temperature condition, if the organic material is a thermosetting polymer, an appropriate amount of a curing agent or a cross-linking agent is added after the system is uniformly dispersed, uniform stirring is continuously performed, the diffused composite system is injected into a mold, a movement magnetic field is applied on the mold position to drive the magnetostriction particles to move along with the magnetic field so as to form gradient distribution, and the molded sample is placed in an oven to carry out thermal insulation curing for a certain time until the sample is completely cured. The gradient magnetostriction material preparation method has characteristics of simple process and practicality, wherein the prepared magnetostriction sample has characteristics of compact structure and flat surface, and the magnetostriction particles in the matrix form the gradient distribution in the magnetic field movement direction so as to provide a gradient magnetostriction performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials and preparation method thereof, belong to novel material and field of material preparation.
Background technology
Functionally Graded Materials refers to that the integrant such as the composition, structure of material changes continuously on certain direction of material, thereby makes the performance of material also be a kind of heterogeneous body matrix material of continually varying.Research mainly contains three aspects about Functionally Graded Materials, i.e. design of material, material preparation and evaluating characteristics.Wherein, material preparation and structure control are practical function gradient material design objective and the key that obtains suitable constituent element distribution, microstructure and desired properties, also therefore are the focuses of research.The preparation method of Functionally Graded Materials mainly contains that powder metallurgy, self-propagating reaction are synthetic, laser sintered, rotary casting, electrolysis are separated out, plasma spraying, vapour deposition, multi-arc ion coating etc.
Ferromagnetic substance and ferrimagnetic material are called magnetostriction with the elastic deformation phenomenon that self magnetized state changes.But magnetostriction mechanism simplicity of explanation is as follows, and magnet has domain structure below Curie temperature, and there is spontaneous magnetization in each magnetic domain, thereby also has spontaneous strain.Because the spontaneous magnetization direction of each magnetic domain is different, therefore when not having foreign field, the deformation that spontaneous magnetization causes is cancelled each other, and can not show macroeffect.Under the effect of outside magnetic field, the trend outer magnetic field direction is all rotated in the spontaneous magnetization of each magnetic domain, and magnetic domain deformation also tends to outer magnetic field direction, and this has just produced macroscopical magnetostrictive strain.
Find in magnetostrictive effect the time in a rear nearly century, the research and development of magnetostriction materials is all very slow, until 1940, the multicrystal magnetostrictive effect of Ni and Co just at first is applied in art of ultrasound, and its magnetostriction coefficient is 40ppm.Enter the fifties, people develop again the Fe-13%Al magnetostriction materials.Yet the magnetostriction coefficient of these materials all is 10
-6～10
-5Magnitude, approach with its thermal expansivity, therefore all do not obtain large-scale industrial application.1963, the Legvoid at U.S. water surface weapon center and doctor Clark found that rare earth element tb and near the magnetostriction coefficient of the Dy OK temperature are very big, and find that other heavy rare earth element also has this character.1972, Clark etc. found TbFe
2, DyFe
2, SmFe
2Deng RFe
2System's cube Laves phase structure compound at room temperature has large magnetostriction coefficient.1973, Clark etc. successfully found Tb
0.27Dy
0.73Fe
2Giant magnetostrictive material, trade names are Terfenol-D.
The people such as Clark in 2000 find to add Ga can make the Magnetostriction of Fe improve ten times and even tens times, the magnetostriction coefficient of pure iron only 20 * 10
-6About, and add after the Ga, its single crystal reaches 400 * 10 along the saturation magnetostriction constant in [100] crystal orientation
-6The Fe-Ga alloy material is by the surface weapon test chamber called after Galfenol of United States Navy.Its saturation magnetic field lower (8～17kA/m), be 1/10 of Terfenol-D only, magnetic field sensitivity is higher.
Often material is more crisp for the higher magnetostriction materials of magnetostriction coefficient at present, and adds outside under the high frequency action of alternating magnetic field, and magnetostriction materials inside will produce huge eddying effect, thereby limit its application in ultrasonic field.For the characteristics of magnetostriction alloy, people prepare intelligent composite with magnetostriction alloy particle and resin compounded, namely utilize resin matrix to guarantee the toughness of matrix material, and the magnetostriction alloy particle can provide functional performance simultaneously.The magnetostriction materials powder gets up by epoxy bond, the magnetostriction materials powder evenly distributes and is wrapped in the epoxy resin-base, intercepted by insulating resin between powder and the powder, so just so that eddy current can not form the loop on a large scale, reduced eddy-current loss, the easy mechanical workout of material can be made various shape simultaneously.
The present invention is distributed in the disperse of magnetostriction alloy powder in the organism monomer, by the driving effect of moving magnetic field to magnetic, obtains the component gradient along the Movement in Magnetic Field method, obtains the gradient magnetostriction materials through solidifying.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is on the basis of the present achievement in research of magnetostriction matrix material, a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials that prepare, and a kind of method for preparing the gradient magnetostriction materials is provided.
The concrete steps of the inventive method are:
Step 1) particle composites system preparation
In 100 parts thermosets or thermoplastic organics monomer, add the magnetostriction particle that 5～100 parts of mean sizess are 0.1～100 μ m, dispersed with stirring 0.5～10h under 20～250 ℃ of conditions; For the thermoset organic monomer, also need after system is uniformly dispersed, to add again 1～15 part of solidifying agent or linking agent, continue to stir 30s.
Described organic monomer is unsaturated polyester resin, Resins, epoxy, resol, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene etc.
Described magnetostriction particle is one or more in Terfenol-D alloy, NiMnGa alloy, RE-Fe (RE represents rare earth element, is specially: Sm, Dy, Tb, Pr, the Ga etc.) alloy.
Described solidifying agent is polymeric amide, hexamethylenetetramine, isophthalic two methanediamines.
Described linking agent is vinylbenzene.
Step 2) moving magnetic field drives
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on the mould place, magneticstrength is 0.01～2.0T, and movement velocity is 0.1～20mm/s, and driving number of times is 1～100 time.
Described magnetic field is to be produced by electro-magnet or permanent magnet.
Step 3) solidifies
Place in the baking oven and solidify 20～200 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 1～480h driving sample after the moulding.
The present invention is the compound system with magnetostriction alloy and organic monomer composition, in magnetic field, utilize foreign field to the driving effect of particle, make magnetostriction alloy in organism along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient, after solidifying, obtain the gradient magnetostriction materials.The gradient magnetostriction materials that obtain not only have the Magnetostrictive Properties of being given by the magnetostriction particle, and because the Gradient distribution on parallel magnetic field direction of motion of particle presents the gradient Magnetostrictive Properties in this direction.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) obtained a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials, this material is along with the Gradient distribution of magnetostriction alloy content in the polymeric matrix, and presents the Gradient distribution of Magnetostriction.
2) provide a kind of method of simple preparation gradient magnetostriction materials, the method utilizes foreign field to the magnetic driving effect of magnetostriction alloy, drive magnetic-particle along with Movement in Magnetic Field by Movement in Magnetic Field, thereby obtain the magnetostriction alloy Gradient distribution along the Movement in Magnetic Field direction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is gradient magnetostriction materials preparation principle schematic diagram.Among the figure, magnetostriction particle 1, polymeric matrix 2, starting position south magnetic pole 3, starting position magnetic north pole 4, ultimate position south magnetic pole 5, ultimate position magnetic north pole 6.Locate move to position (b) when locating with speed v by position (a) at magnetic pole 3,4, magnetostriction particle 1 will along with move in magnetic field, finally form Gradient distribution along field direction.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, better understand purpose of the present invention, characteristics and advantage.Although the present invention is described in conjunction with this specific embodiment, is not intended that the invention be limited to described specific embodiment.On the contrary, the embodiment that substitutes, improves and be equal to the embodiment that can be included in the protection domain defined in the claim of the present invention carries out all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention relates to a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials and preparation method thereof.The preparation method of a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials provided by the invention may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) particle composites system preparation
In 100 parts thermosets or thermoplastic organics monomer, add the magnetostriction particle that 5～100 parts of mean sizess are 0.1～100 μ m, dispersed with stirring 0.5～10h under 20～250 ℃ of conditions; For the thermoset organic monomer, also need after system is uniformly dispersed, to add again 1～15 part of solidifying agent or linking agent, continue to stir 30s.
Step 2) moving magnetic field drives
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on the mould place, magneticstrength is 0.01～2.0T, and movement velocity is 0.1～20mm/s, and driving number of times is 1～100 time.
Step 3) solidifies
Place in the baking oven and solidify 20～200 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 1～480h driving sample after the moulding.
Described organic monomer is unsaturated polyester resin, Resins, epoxy, resol, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene etc.Described magnetostriction particle is Terfenol-D alloy, NiMnGa alloy, RE-Fe (RE represents rare earth element, is specially: Sm, Dy, Tb, Pr, Ga etc.) alloy.Described solidifying agent is polymeric amide, hexamethylenetetramine, isophthalic two methanediamines.Described linking agent is vinylbenzene.Described magnetic field is to be produced by electro-magnet or permanent magnet.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Sample to preparation carries out metallographicobservation, and the magnetostriction particle in the discovery polymeric matrix is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter to characterize the sample Magnetostriction.
Embodiment 1:
In 100 parts polyester unsaturated monomer, add 10 parts of Terfenol-D alloy powders that average particle size particle size is 11 μ m, dispersed with stirring 5h in 20 ℃ of water-baths; After system is uniformly dispersed, add again 5 parts of crosslinking styrenes, continue to stir 30s.
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on mould, the magnetic-particle in the driving system is with Movement in Magnetic Field.Magnetic field is produced by electro-magnet, and magneticstrength is 0.1T, and movement velocity is 0.5mm/s, and driving number of times is 10 times.
Place in the baking oven and solidify 20 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 480h driving sample after the moulding.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Example 1 prepared sample is carried out metallographicobservation, and the Terfenol-D alloy in the discovery polymeric matrix is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter that sample is carried out Magnetostriction and characterize, find to change at 0～159ppm scope inside gradient along Movement in Magnetic Field direction sample magnetostriction coefficient.
Embodiment 2:
In 100 parts epoxy monomer, add 5 parts of NiMnGa alloy powders that average particle size particle size is 0.1 μ m, dispersed with stirring 0.5h in 60 ℃ of water-baths; After system is uniformly dispersed, add again 15 parts of solidifying agent polymeric amide, continue to stir 30s.
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on mould, the magnetic-particle in the driving system is with Movement in Magnetic Field.Magnetic field is produced by electro-magnet, and magneticstrength is 0.01T, and movement velocity is 0.1mm/s, and driving number of times is 100 times.
Place in the baking oven and solidify 80 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 20h driving sample after the moulding.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Example 2 prepared samples are carried out metallographicobservation, and the NiMnGa alloy in the discovery polymeric matrix is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter that sample is carried out Magnetostriction and characterize, find to change at 0～97ppm scope inside gradient along Movement in Magnetic Field direction sample magnetostriction coefficient.
Embodiment 3:
In 100 parts resol monomer, add 30 parts of SmFe that average particle size particle size is 0.8 μ m
2Alloy powder, dispersed with stirring 10h in 80 ℃ of water-baths; After system is uniformly dispersed, add again 1 part of solidifying agent hexamethylenetetramine, continue to stir 30s.
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on mould, the magnetic-particle in the driving system is with Movement in Magnetic Field.Magnetic field is produced by electro-magnet, and magneticstrength is 2.0T, and movement velocity is 0.1mm/s, and driving number of times is 1 time.
Place in the baking oven and solidify 200 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 1h driving sample after the moulding.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Example 3 prepared samples are carried out metallographicobservation, find the SmFe in the polymeric matrix
2Alloy is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter that sample is carried out Magnetostriction and characterize, find to change at 23～174ppm scope inside gradient along Movement in Magnetic Field direction sample magnetostriction coefficient.
Embodiment 4:
In 100 parts polyvinyl monomer, add 20 parts of DyFe that average particle size particle size is 100 μ m
2Alloy powder, dispersed with stirring 0.5h under 180 ℃ of conditions.
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on mould, the magnetic-particle in the driving system is with Movement in Magnetic Field.Magnetic field is produced by electro-magnet, and magneticstrength is 1.0T, and movement velocity is 20mm/s, and driving number of times is 100 times.
Place in the baking oven and solidify 20 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 400h driving sample after the moulding.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Example 4 prepared samples are carried out metallographicobservation, find the DyFe in the polymeric matrix
2Alloy is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter that sample is carried out Magnetostriction and characterize, find to change at 17～65ppm scope inside gradient along Movement in Magnetic Field direction sample magnetostriction coefficient.
Embodiment 5:
In 100 parts polypropylene monomer, add 20 parts of TbFe that average particle size particle size is 27 μ m
2Alloy powder, dispersed with stirring 2h under 200 ℃ of conditions.
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on mould, the magnetic-particle in the driving system is with Movement in Magnetic Field.Magnetic field is produced by permanent magnet, and magneticstrength is 0.2T, and movement velocity is 5mm/s, and driving number of times is 100 times.
Place in the baking oven and solidify 20 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 100h driving sample after the moulding.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Example 5 prepared samples are carried out metallographicobservation, find the TbFe in the polymeric matrix
2Alloy is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter that sample is carried out Magnetostriction and characterize, find to change at 11～76ppm scope inside gradient along Movement in Magnetic Field direction sample magnetostriction coefficient.
Embodiment 6:
In 100 parts polystyrene monomers, add 100 parts of PrFe that average particle size particle size is 65 μ m
2Alloy powder, dispersed with stirring 2h under 250 ℃ of conditions.
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on mould, the magnetic-particle in the driving system is with Movement in Magnetic Field.Magnetic field is produced by permanent magnet, and magneticstrength is 0.2T, and movement velocity is 1mm/s, and driving number of times is 20 times.
Place in the baking oven and solidify 20 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 48h driving sample after the moulding.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Example 6 prepared samples are carried out metallographicobservation, find the PrFe in the polymeric matrix
2Alloy is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter that sample is carried out Magnetostriction and characterize, find to change at 9～482ppm scope inside gradient along Movement in Magnetic Field direction sample magnetostriction coefficient.
Embodiment 7:
In 100 parts epoxy monomer, add 20 parts of Fe-Ga alloy powders that average particle size particle size is 0.5 μ m, dispersed with stirring 0.5h in 80 ℃ of water-baths; After system is uniformly dispersed, add again 9 parts of solidifying agent isophthalic two methanediamines, continue to stir 30s.
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on mould, the magnetic-particle in the driving system is with Movement in Magnetic Field.Magnetic field is produced by electro-magnet, and magneticstrength is 0.1T, and movement velocity is 0.5mm/s, and driving number of times is 10 times.
Place in the baking oven and solidify 90 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 15h driving sample after the moulding.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Example 7 prepared samples are carried out metallographicobservation, and the Fe-Ga alloy in the discovery polymeric matrix is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter that sample is carried out Magnetostriction and characterize, find to change at 0～84ppm scope inside gradient along Movement in Magnetic Field direction sample magnetostriction coefficient.
Embodiment 8:
In 100 parts resol monomer, distribute and add 20 parts of SmFe that average particle size particle size is 0.8 μ m
2Alloy powder and average particle size particle size are the Fe-Ga alloy powder of 0.5 μ m, dispersed with stirring 10h in 80 ℃ of water-baths; After system is uniformly dispersed, add again 1 part of solidifying agent hexamethylenetetramine, continue to stir 30s.
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on mould, the magnetic-particle in the driving system is with Movement in Magnetic Field.Magnetic field is produced by electro-magnet, and magneticstrength is 1.2T, and movement velocity is 0.3mm/s, and driving number of times is 15 times.
Place in the baking oven and solidify 200 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 1h driving sample after the moulding.
Prepared sample tissue is fine and close, and porosity is low, and sample surfaces is more smooth.Example 8 prepared samples are carried out metallographicobservation, and the magnetostriction alloy powder in the discovery polymeric matrix is along Movement in Magnetic Field direction distribution gradient.Adopt resistance strain meter that sample is carried out Magnetostriction and characterize, find to change at 16～207ppm scope inside gradient along Movement in Magnetic Field direction sample magnetostriction coefficient.
Claims (8)
1. gradient magnetostriction materials is characterized in that this material is comprised of magnetostriction alloy particle and polymeric matrix.
2. a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that magnetostriction particle distribution gradient in polymeric matrix, thereby present the gradient Magnetostrictive Properties.
3. a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this material preparation method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) particle composites system preparation
In 100 parts thermosets or thermoplastic organics monomer, add the magnetostriction particle that 5～100 parts of mean sizess are 0.1～100 μ m, dispersed with stirring 0.5～10h under 20～250 ℃ of conditions; For the thermoset organic monomer, also need after system is uniformly dispersed, to add again 1～15 part of solidifying agent or linking agent, continue to stir 30s.
Step 2) moving magnetic field drives
The disperse compound system is injected mould, then moving magnetic field is acted on the mould place, magneticstrength is 0.01～2.0T, and movement velocity is 0.1～20mm/s, and driving number of times is 1～100 time.
Step 3) solidifies
Place in the baking oven and solidify 20～200 ℃ of oven temperatures, insulation 1～480h driving sample after the moulding.
4. a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials as claimed in claim 3 and preparation method, it is characterized in that: described organic monomer is unsaturated polyester resin, Resins, epoxy, resol, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene.
5. a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials as claimed in claim 3 and preparation method, it is characterized in that: described magnetostriction particle is Terfenol-D alloy, NiMnGa alloy, RE-Fe (RE represents rare earth element, is specially: Sm, Dy, Tb, Pr, Ga etc.) alloy.
6. a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials as claimed in claim 3 and preparation method, it is characterized in that: described solidifying agent is polymeric amide, hexamethylenetetramine, isophthalic two methanediamines.
7. a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials as claimed in claim 3 and preparation method, it is characterized in that: described linking agent is vinylbenzene.
8. a kind of gradient magnetostriction materials as claimed in claim 3 and preparation method is characterized in that: described magnetic field is the magnetic field that is produced by electro-magnet or permanent magnet.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104404347A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-11 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing gradient magnetostriction material in situ |
| CN108129729A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-08 | 宁波市鄞州智伴信息科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of the novel plastic type magnetron based on permanent-magnet material |
| CN113020595A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-06-25 | 中国计量大学 | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprises the following steps: preparation method of 17 type SmCoCuFeZrB sintered permanent magnet |
| CN114989565A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 清华大学 | Composite material and preparation method thereof, element, transducer, detection system and detection method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101476079A (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2009-07-08 | 北京科技大学 | High specific resistance magnetic striction composite material and preparation |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101476079A (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2009-07-08 | 北京科技大学 | High specific resistance magnetic striction composite material and preparation |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104404347A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-11 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing gradient magnetostriction material in situ |
| CN108129729A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-08 | 宁波市鄞州智伴信息科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of the novel plastic type magnetron based on permanent-magnet material |
| CN113020595A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-06-25 | 中国计量大学 | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprises the following steps: preparation method of 17 type SmCoCuFeZrB sintered permanent magnet |
| CN114989565A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 清华大学 | Composite material and preparation method thereof, element, transducer, detection system and detection method |
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