CN102951688A - Production process for cogeneration of polymerization ferric chloride water purification agent by using potassium fluotitanate - Google Patents
Production process for cogeneration of polymerization ferric chloride water purification agent by using potassium fluotitanate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102951688A CN102951688A CN2012105250288A CN201210525028A CN102951688A CN 102951688 A CN102951688 A CN 102951688A CN 2012105250288 A CN2012105250288 A CN 2012105250288A CN 201210525028 A CN201210525028 A CN 201210525028A CN 102951688 A CN102951688 A CN 102951688A
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- potassium fluotitanate
- ferric chloride
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process for cogeneration of polymerization ferric chloride water purification agent by using potassium fluotitanate. The production process comprises the following steps: adding hydrofluoric acid and potassium chloride in a leaching tank; opening the leaching tank to stir; adding a theoretical amount of titanium ore; heating to 90-105 DEG C and leaching; sealing to react to obtain hexafluorotitanic acid iron slurry; settling the leached slurry to obtain a hexafluorotitanic acid iron clear liquid for later use; dissolving the potassium chloride by using a hexafluorotitanic acid potassium mother liquid; filtering to obtain a clear liquid for later use; adding metered potassium chloride liquid into a certain amount of hexafluorotitanic acid iron clear liquid while stirring; continually reacting and crystallizing to obtain the hexafluorotitanic acid potassium; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the hexafluorotitanic acid potassium slurry; washing the hexafluorotitanic acid potassium, wherein a part of wastewater enter the potassium chloride for dissolving and recycling; and the other part of wastewater enter an impurity-removing reaction tank; adding metered fine lime in the impurity-removing reaction tank; filter pressing and adding quantified oxidizing agent and stabilizing agent; and standing to obtain polymerization ferric chloride. With the adoption of the production process, the hexafluorotitanic acid potassium mother liquid is recycled, the concentration of the hexafluorotitanic acid potassium mother liquid is improved, and the impurities in the hexafluorotitanic acid potassium mother liquid are removed; and the ferric element is oxidized, alkalified, aged and polymerized to obtain the polymerization ferric chloride.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to inorganic fluoride salt production and water purification agent production technology method, especially relate to production method and the poly-ferric chloride purifying agent production method of potassium fluotitanate.
Background technology
Potassium fluotitanate is mainly for the manufacture of the additive in aluminium, titanium, the boron alloy, is used for aluminium processing and the molten refining of light metal, also can be used for the aspects such as catalyzer that PP synthesizes, and is the both at home and abroad army of manufacturing, worker, the very important starting material of civilian aluminium.Approximately 20,000 tons of domestic potassium fluotitanate annual production produce approximately 100,000 tons of iron(ic) chloride waste water, and traditional treatment method is to add qualified discharge after lime slurry neutralization, flocculation sediment, the press filtration, approximately discharges 120,000 tons of waste water.This treatment process consumes large quantities of lime, a large amount of iron slags of generation.
In addition, hydrofluoric acid, ilmenite, the existing method of KCl production potassium fluotitanate are that the mother liquor amount is large with the water-soluble Repone K of cleaning, and the mother liquor loss is large, and it is low that mother liquid coming contains concentration of iron; The mother liquid disposal expense is high, and the quantity of slag is large, intractability is large; Other production costs of poly-ferric chloride are high, and complex process is not suitable as the scheme of potassium fluotitanate wastewater treatment.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of a kind of potassium fluotitanate, by the potassium fluotitanate mother liquid recycling is improved concentration, removal of impurities, ferro element wherein obtains inorganic polymer flocculation water purification agent-poly-ferric chloride again through peroxidation after alkalization, the ageing polymerization.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate may further comprise the steps:
(1), first add quantitative hydrofluoric acid and Repone K in leaching vat, open and stir, add the titanium ore of theoretical amount, temperature is increased to 90-105 ℃ of leaching, and confined reaction 1.0-2.0h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron charge slurry;
(2), will leach qualified slip and squeeze into clarifying tank with pump, it is for subsequent use that sedimentation 5-24h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid, underflow slag enters sewage disposal;
(3), Repone K is with the dissolving of potassium fluotitanate mother liquor, clear liquid is for subsequent use after the press filtration, slag enters sewage disposal;
(4), a certain amount of hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid is added synthetic groove open and stir, then add potassium chloride liquid in (3) of metering in the 30-60min, continue reaction 20-30min, potassium fluotitanate crystallizes out;
(5), the liquid-solid separation of potassium fluotitanate slip that obtains in (4), washing are obtained the wet product of potassium fluotitanate, waste water enters poly-ferric chloride and produces stocking system;
(6), a waste water part enters Repone K dissolving circulation utilization in the step (3) in the step (5), a part enters the removal of impurities reactive tank, and the refined lime that adds calculated amount in the removal of impurities reactive tank stirs 10-30min, then press filtration, filtrate enters next step operation, and filter residue enters the solid waste treatment station;
(7), the filtrate that produces of upper step under agitation adds quantitative oxygenant, stablizer, still aging 5-24h obtains the poly-ferric chloride liquid product.
Obtain the potassium fluotitanate finished product after the wet product drying of potassium fluotitanate in the above-mentioned steps (5).
Further, hydrofluoric acid is to contain the solution that the HF massfraction is 18-55% in the above-mentioned steps (1), and the massfraction that contains Ti in the iron ore is 25-37%, and step (3) Repone K contains K
2The O massfraction is 40-62%, contains the CaO massfraction greater than 72% in the refined lime in the step (6).
Further, the waste liquid that enters the removal of impurities reactive tank in the step (6) is for making and contain the Fe massfraction greater than 10% by recycling the mother liquor potassium chloride dissolving, and oxygenant is preferably in hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal peroxide or the SPC-D one or both and is used in conjunction with.
Again further, above-mentioned leaching vat, clarifying tank, synthetic groove and removal of impurities reactive tank all seal or arrange water seal.
The chemical equation that the present invention relates to is:
nFe
2 O
3·mFeO·（3/2n+m）TiO
3+ HF → FeTiF
6 + Fe
2(T iF
6 )
3 + H
2O；
Fe
2(T iF
6 )
3 + 6KCl → 3K
2TiF
6 + 2FeCl
3；
FeTiF
6 +2KCl→K
2TiF
6 + FeCl
2；
Contain silicon-dioxide (SiO in the titanium ore
2) removal of impurities process reaction formula:
SiO
2 + 6HF → H
2SiF
6 + 2H
2O；
H
2SiF
6 + 2KCl → K
2SiF
6 + 2HCl；
H
2SiF
6 + 2KF → K
2SiF
6 + 2 HF；
Poly-ferric chloride process reaction formula is produced in wastewater treatment:
2HF+ Ca(OH)
2 → Ca F
2+ 2H
2O；
Ca(OH)
2+ 2 HCl → Ca Cl
2+ H
2O；
nFeCl
2+ n/2Na
2O
2 + nH
2O
→
n（FeCl
2)
+·n（OH）
- +nNaOH；
nFeCl
3+nNa OH
→
n（FeCl
2)
+·n（OH）
- + nNaCl ；
nFeCl
2+ n/2H
2O
2 →
n（FeCl
2)
+·n（OH）
-；
By the above-mentioned description of this invention as can be known, the invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention replaces the cleaning water potassium chloride dissolving with the potassium fluotitanate mother liquor in the potassium fluotitanate production process, reduced potassium fluotitanate mother liquor amount, thereby reduced the mother liquor loss of fluorine during potassium fluotitanate is produced, titanium, potassium element, behind the mother liquid recycling, iron content wherein is improved, directly obtain inorganic polymer flocculation water purification agent-poly-ferric chloride by oxidation, alkalization, polymerization again, poly-ferric chloride is suitable for the COD of high turbidity, high chroma, the processing of BOD waste water.
2, adopt technique of the present invention, save waste water treatment process in the former potassium fluotitanate production process, simplified the production technique of former potassium fluotitanate, reduce the potassium fluotitanate production cost, reduce discharge of wastewater, turn waste into wealth, produce the inorganic flocculating agent that is equally applicable to urban domestic wastewater and pharmaceutical wastewater processing, can not produce new pollution.
3, this technological reaction condition is normal pressure and without γ-ray emission, all groove tanks all seal, and water seal or absorption system is set prevents that temperature of charge from raising or the turnover material causes that the groove pressure tank changes, and the closed reactive system can prevent effectively that fluorin volatilization from entering atmosphere.
4, this technological reaction speed is fast, and reaction conditions is gentle, and operational condition is easy to control, reduces the advantages such as energy consumption, material consumption, therefore this technique has good social value and economic worth.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is production technological process of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below with reference to Fig. 1 the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment uses following raw material
1, hydrofluoric acid contains HF 25.3%;
2, Repone K contains K
2O 60.1%;
3, titanium ore (nFe
2O
3MFeO(3/2n+m) T iO
2) contain Ti 29.5%, Fe34.8%, Fe
2O
311.6%, FeO34.3%;
4, refined lime contains CaO73.3%;
5, hydrogen peroxide contains H
2O
220%.
Specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) in leaching vat, add first 3000Kg hydrofluoric acid and Repone K 100Kg, open and stir, with the titanium ore adding of 1080Kg, airtight continuation reaction 2 hours, extraction temperature reaches 98 ℃;
(2) will leach qualified slip and squeeze into clarifying tank with pump, sedimentation removal of impurities 16h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid, 51 ℃ of temperature;
(3) Repone K 950 Kg dissolve to get potassium liquid with the potassium fluotitanate mother liquor of 4000 Kg iron content 12%, and clear liquid is for subsequent use after the press filtration;
(4) (2) hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid is added synthetic groove and open stirring, then add (3) potassium chloride liquid with 60min, continue reaction 30min, 36 ℃ of temperature;
(5) the liquid-solid separation of potassium fluotitanate slip that the upper step was obtained, washing obtain the wet product of potassium fluotitanate, and waste water enters the processing of lower step;
(6) obtain 1290Kg potassium fluotitanate finished product after the wet product drying of potassium fluotitanate;
(7) above-mentioned waste water stays 4000 Kg to do potassium chloride dissolving usefulness, and other 3700 Kg add the 135Kg refined lime, stir 30 min, and then press filtration obtains clear liquid;
(8) above-mentioned clear liquid is stirred lower hydrogen peroxide 400 Kg and an amount of stablizer of adding, stir 10 min, then still aging 3h obtains poly-ferric chloride solution;
Analytical results: potassium fluotitanate master content 98.3%, Si 0.19%, and poly-ferric chloride contains Fe10.2%, basicity 65%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment uses following raw material
1, hydrofluoric acid contains HF 33.2%;
2, Repone K contains K
2O 60.1%;
3, titanium ore (nFe
2O
3MFeO(3/2n+m) T iO
2) contain Ti 29.5%, Fe34.8%, Fe
2O
311.6%, FeO34.3%;
4, refined lime contains CaO73.3%;
5, hydrogen peroxide contains H
2O
220%;
6, sodium peroxide contains Na
2O
292.5%.
Specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) in leaching vat, add first 2260Kg hydrofluoric acid and Repone K 100Kg, open and stir, with the titanium ore adding of 1080Kg, airtight continuation reaction 2 hours, extraction temperature reaches 100 ℃;
(2) will leach qualified slip and squeeze into clarifying tank with pump, sedimentation removal of impurities 20h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid, 55 ℃ of temperature;
(3) Repone K 950 Kg dissolve to get potassium liquid with the potassium fluotitanate mother liquor of 4000 Kg iron content 12%, and clear liquid is for subsequent use after the press filtration;
(4) (2) hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid is added synthetic groove and open stirring, then add (3) potassium chloride liquid with 40min, continue reaction 30min, 38 ℃ of temperature;
(5) the liquid-solid separation of potassium fluotitanate slip that the upper step was obtained, washing obtain the wet product of potassium fluotitanate, and waste water enters the processing of lower step;
(6) obtain 1232Kg potassium fluotitanate finished product after the wet product drying of potassium fluotitanate;
(7) above-mentioned waste water stays 4000 Kg to do potassium chloride dissolving usefulness, and 2980Kg adds the 120Kg refined lime in addition, stirs 30 min, and then press filtration obtains clear liquid;
(8) above-mentioned clear liquid is stirred lower hydrogen peroxide 300 Kg sodium peroxides 50 Kg and an amount of stablizer of adding, stir 10 min, then still aging 5h obtains poly-ferric chloride solution;
Analytical results: potassium fluotitanate master content 98.0%, Si 0.16%, and poly-ferric chloride contains Fe11.4%, basicity 90%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment uses following raw material
1, hydrofluoric acid contains HF 35.1%;
2, Repone K contains K
2O 61.2%;
3, titanium ore (nFe
2O
3MFeO(3/2n+m) T iO
2) contain Ti 30.5%, Fe33.6%, Fe
2O
311.2%, FeO31.3%;
4, refined lime contains CaO73.3%;
5, hydrogen peroxide contains H
2O
220%.
Specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) in leaching vat, add first 2130Kg hydrofluoric acid and Repone K 90Kg, open and stir, with the titanium ore adding of 1050Kg, airtight continuation reaction 2.5 hours, extraction temperature reaches 105 ℃;
(2) will leach qualified slip and squeeze into clarifying tank with pump, sedimentation removal of impurities 8h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid, 58 ℃ of temperature;
(3) Repone K 950 Kg dissolve to get potassium liquid with the potassium fluotitanate mother liquor of 4000 Kg iron content 12.5%, and clear liquid is for subsequent use after the press filtration;
(4) (2) hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid is added synthetic groove and open stirring, then add (3) potassium chloride liquid with 30min, continue reaction 30min, 40 ℃ of temperature;
(5) the liquid-solid separation of potassium fluotitanate slip that the upper step was obtained, washing obtain the wet product of potassium fluotitanate, and waste water enters the processing of lower step;
(6) obtain 1230Kg potassium fluotitanate finished product after the wet product drying of potassium fluotitanate;
(7) above-mentioned waste water stays 4000 Kg to do potassium chloride dissolving usefulness, and other 2800 Kg add the 130Kg refined lime, stir 30 min, and then press filtration obtains clear liquid;
(8) above-mentioned clear liquid is stirred lower hydrogen peroxide 400 Kg and an amount of stablizer of adding, stir then still aging 10h of 10 min, obtain poly-ferric chloride solution.
Analytical results: potassium fluotitanate master content 97.8%, Si 0.19%, and poly-ferric chloride contains Fe11.0%, basicity 50%.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment uses following raw material
1, hydrofluoric acid contains HF 35.1%;
2, Repone K contains K
2O 61.2%;
3, titanium ore (nFe
2O
3MFeO(3/2n+m) T iO
2) contain Ti 27.5%, Fe37.6%, Fe
2O
37.6%, FeO41.5%;
4, refined lime contains CaO73.3%;
5, hydrogen peroxide contains H
2O
220%.
Specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) in leaching vat, add first 2130Kg hydrofluoric acid and Repone K 90Kg, open and stir, with the titanium ore adding of 1200Kg, airtight continuation reaction 2 hours, extraction temperature reaches 105 ℃;
(2) will leach qualified slip and squeeze into clarifying tank with pump, sedimentation removal of impurities 20h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid, 55 ℃ of temperature;
(3) Repone K 950 Kg dissolve to get potassium liquid with the potassium fluotitanate mother liquor of 5000 Kg iron content, 13.2 %, and clear liquid is for subsequent use after the press filtration;
(4) (2) hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid is added synthetic groove and open stirring, then add (3) potassium chloride liquid with 30min, continue reaction 10min, 37 ℃ of temperature;
(5) the liquid-solid separation of potassium fluotitanate slip that the upper step was obtained, washing obtain the wet product of potassium fluotitanate, and waste water enters the processing of lower step;
(6) obtain 1210Kg potassium fluotitanate finished product after the wet product drying of potassium fluotitanate;
(7) above-mentioned waste water stays 5000 Kg to do potassium chloride dissolving usefulness, and other 2800 Kg add the 135Kg refined lime, stir 30 min, and then press filtration obtains clear liquid;
(8) above-mentioned clear liquid is stirred lower hydrogen peroxide 400 Kg and an amount of stablizer of adding, stir 10 min, then still aging 10h obtains poly-ferric chloride solution.
Analytical results: potassium fluotitanate master content 98.3%, Si 0.17%, and poly-ferric chloride contains Fe12.2%, basicity 75%.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment uses following raw material
1, hydrofluoric acid contains HF 35.1%;
2, Repone K contains K
2O 61.2%;
3, titanium ore (nFe
2O
3MFeO(3/2n+m) T iO
2) contain Ti33.6%, Fe31.6%, Fe
2O
312.5%, FeO29.5%;
4, refined lime contains CaO73.3%;
5, SPC-D contains 2Na
2CO
33H
2O
299%.
Specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) in leaching vat, add first 2130Kg hydrofluoric acid and Repone K 100Kg, open and stir, with the titanium ore adding of 990Kg, airtight continuation reaction 2 hours, extraction temperature reaches 105 ℃;
(2) will leach qualified slip and squeeze into clarifying tank with pump, sedimentation removal of impurities 24h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid, 52 ℃ of temperature;
(3) Repone K 950 Kg dissolve to get potassium liquid with the potassium fluotitanate mother liquor of 5000 Kg iron content, 13.2 %, and clear liquid is for subsequent use after the press filtration;
(4) (2) hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid is added synthetic groove and open stirring, then add (3) potassium chloride liquid with 30min, continue reaction 10min, 35 ℃ of temperature;
(5) the liquid-solid separation of potassium fluotitanate slip that the upper step was obtained, washing obtain the wet product of potassium fluotitanate, and waste water enters the processing of lower step;
(6) obtain 1270Kg potassium fluotitanate finished product after the wet product drying of potassium fluotitanate;
(7) above-mentioned waste water stays 5000 Kg to do potassium chloride dissolving usefulness, and other 2700 Kg add the 70Kg refined lime, stir 30 min, and then press filtration obtains clear liquid;
(8) above-mentioned clear liquid is stirred lower SPC-D 250 Kg and an amount of stablizer of adding, stir then still aging 10h of 10 min, obtain poly-ferric chloride solution.
Analytical results: potassium fluotitanate master content 98.5%, Si 0.15%, and poly-ferric chloride contains Fe11.2%, basicity 90%.
Above-mentioned only is the specific embodiment of the present invention, but design concept of the present invention is not limited to this, allly utilizes this design that the present invention is carried out the change of unsubstantiality, all should belong to the behavior of invading protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1), first add quantitative hydrofluoric acid and Repone K in leaching vat, open and stir, add the titanium ore of theoretical amount, temperature is increased to 90-105 ℃ of leaching, and confined reaction 1.0-2.0h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron charge slurry;
(2), will leach qualified slip and squeeze into clarifying tank with pump, it is for subsequent use that sedimentation 5-24h obtains hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid, underflow slag enters sewage disposal;
(3), Repone K is with the dissolving of potassium fluotitanate mother liquor, clear liquid is for subsequent use after the press filtration, slag enters sewage disposal;
(4), a certain amount of hydrofluotitanic acid iron clear liquid is added synthetic groove open and stir, then add potassium chloride liquid in (3) of metering in the 30-60min, continue reaction 20-30min, potassium fluotitanate crystallizes out;
(5), the liquid-solid separation of potassium fluotitanate slip that obtains in (4), washing are obtained the wet product of potassium fluotitanate, waste water enters poly-ferric chloride and produces stocking system;
(6), a waste water part enters Repone K dissolving circulation utilization in the step (3) in the step (5), a part enters the removal of impurities reactive tank, and the refined lime that adds calculated amount in the removal of impurities reactive tank stirs 10-30min, then press filtration, filtrate enters next step operation, and filter residue enters the solid waste treatment station;
(7), the filtrate that produces of upper step under agitation adds quantitative oxygenant, stablizer, still aging 5-24h obtains the poly-ferric chloride liquid product.
2. the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: hydrofluoric acid is to contain the solution that the HF massfraction is 18-55% in the step (1), and the massfraction that contains Ti in the iron ore is 25-37%.
3. the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described Repone K of step (3) contains K
2The O massfraction is 40-62%.
4. the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: obtain the potassium fluotitanate finished product after the wet product drying of potassium fluotitanate in the step (5).
5. the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: contain the CaO massfraction greater than 72% in the refined lime in the step (6).
6. the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the waste liquid that enters the removal of impurities reactive tank in the step (6) is for making and contain the Fe massfraction greater than 10% by recycling the mother liquor potassium chloride dissolving.
7. the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: oxygenant is that in hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal peroxide or the SPC-D one or both are used in conjunction with in the step (6).
8. the coproducing polymerized ferric chloride purifying agent production technique of potassium fluotitanate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described leaching vat, clarifying tank, synthetic groove and removal of impurities reactive tank all seal or arrange water seal.
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| CN104386787A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2015-03-04 | 济南大学 | Inorganic ferrotitanium polymeric coagulant with ilmenite as raw material and preparation technology thereof |
| CN104386740A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-03-04 | 湖南有色湘乡氟化学有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity calcium hydrofluotitanate |
| CN105174269A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-23 | 福建省漳平市九鼎氟化工有限公司 | Process for recycling potassium fluosilicate in process of potassium fluotitanate production |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104386787A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2015-03-04 | 济南大学 | Inorganic ferrotitanium polymeric coagulant with ilmenite as raw material and preparation technology thereof |
| CN104386787B (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2015-12-30 | 济南大学 | A kind of take ilmenite as the preparation method of the inorganic ferrotianium polymerization coagulating agent of raw material |
| CN104386740A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-03-04 | 湖南有色湘乡氟化学有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity calcium hydrofluotitanate |
| CN104386740B (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-04-06 | 湖南有色湘乡氟化学有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high-purity fluorine calcium titanate |
| CN105174269A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-23 | 福建省漳平市九鼎氟化工有限公司 | Process for recycling potassium fluosilicate in process of potassium fluotitanate production |
| CN105174269B (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-07-28 | 福建省漳平市九鼎氟化工有限公司 | A kind of technique that potassium fluosilicate is reclaimed in potassium fluotitanate production process |
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|---|---|
| CN102951688B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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