CN102945719A - High-performance ferric-based nano-crystalline soft magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance ferric-based nano-crystalline soft magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102945719A CN102945719A CN2012103758661A CN201210375866A CN102945719A CN 102945719 A CN102945719 A CN 102945719A CN 2012103758661 A CN2012103758661 A CN 2012103758661A CN 201210375866 A CN201210375866 A CN 201210375866A CN 102945719 A CN102945719 A CN 102945719A
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-performance ferric-based nano-crystalline soft magnetic alloy and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of preparation of soft magnetic alloy of functional materials. Chemical elements of the nano-crystalline soft magnetic alloy can be represented by FeaPbCcSidAleCrfCug, wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are the atomic percentage of corresponding elements, which are in a range as follows: b is 4-10, c is 5-9, c is 0-6, e is 0.5-1, f is 0.3-0.5, g is 0-2, and a is (100-b-c-d-e-f-g). A soft magnetic amorphous alloy ribbon made by a rotary quenching method according to an ingredient proportion requirement of the invention is provided with good amorphous forming ability and annealing process performance, and particularly can keep a rather low coercive force within a rather wide annealing temperature range. And the nano-crystalline soft magnetic alloy provided by the invention has a great potential application prospect because of relatively low cost and excellent soft magnetic performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetically soft alloy in the functional material, relate to specifically a kind of Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy with the wide annealing temperature of excellent soft magnet performance interval and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Yoshizawa had developed the FINEMET Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy in 1988, had from then on raised new page on the development history of magnetically soft alloy.Academic and industrial quarters has been launched extensive and deep research to this novel alloy with excellent soft magnet performance, the soft magnet performance of Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy excellence is owing to even this special two-phase composite construction of distribution nanocrystal on noncrystal substrate and the matrix, nanocrystal has reduced the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of alloy effectively by intercrystalline noncrystal substrate exchange-coupling interaction, compare with the amorphous band that revolves the attitude of quenching, after the annealed processing, partially-crystallized Fe-based amorphous/the nanocrystalline strip soft magnet performance had great improvement.Since Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy comes out, tens of kinds of alloy systems are developed, some of them have obtained good commercial Application, shown the incomparable comprehensive soft magnet performance of traditional soft magnetic alloy, especially shown based on the reduction of the device loss of Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy and the raising of system works stability.But Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy since the more traditional magnetically soft alloy of its production cost (such as soft magnetic ferrite, silicon steel sheet etc.) height, the continuous production stability of amorphous precursor body is not high, meanwhile the narrow annealing temperature interval of some alloy systems makes amorphous band be subjected to the impact of annealing device larger in the batch production process of reality, defect rate is higher, and at present large annealing furnace is difficult to guarantee the homogeneity in temperature field, the temperature difference of the interior tens of degree of furnace chamber is the unavoidable fact often, many medium-sized and small enterprises are because its production equipment is more backward, technical resource is not enough, the nano-crystal soft-magnetic strip quality less stable of producing has seriously restricted and has the iron-based soft magnetic nanometer crystal alloy and apply.
Yet, present most nano-crystal soft magnetic alloy all contains boron element, boron element is to add with the form of ferro-boron in the production process of reality, want more expensive than iron-carbon alloy ferro-boron price, replace boron if can be used in the periodic table of elements with boron neighbour elemental carbon, will greatly reduce the production cost of Fe-based amorphous band.Theoretically, carbon ratio boron more is conducive to improve the amorphous formation ability of system, because prepare three principles according to the aboveground amorphous of Japanese material supply section scholar, the system with stronger amorphous formation ability must possess following three features: contain the element more than three kinds or three kinds 1.; 2. the atomic radius difference between component wants large; 3. between each constituent element negative enthalpy of mixing to be arranged.According to this amorphous formation experience criterion, at first the atomic radius of B is 0.095 nm, and the atomic radius of C is 0.086 nm, only from atomic size, C replaces B can make the radius difference of component larger, the poor atomic arrangement that makes of large atomic size is piled up more crypto set, stops the diffusion of atom to be reset, and then stops the nucleation and crystallization in the liquid metals cooling procedure.Again, from electronegative angle, the enthalpy of mixing of B and Fe is-26kJ/mol, and the enthalpy of mixing of C and Fe is-50kJ/mol, this shows C have than B stronger and iron-binding capacity, this stronger adhesion more is conducive to form stable chemical short range structure, makes alloy system more easily form amorphous in by the process of liquid cooled.
But present main flow iron-based soft magnetic band is such as (1K107) its annealing temperature higher (535 ° of C), and temperature retention time is grown (1h), if replace B with C, then can generate NbC and Fe when annealing
3C, NbC and Fe that the phase back diffusion distributes
3Thereby separating out of C phase will the pinning magnetic domain worsen its soft magnet performance.
Therefore want the iron based nano crystal soft magnetism band that develop goes out carbon containing, must guarantee that at first the noncrystal cording of developing has low, the short such characteristic of annealing time of when annealing holding temperature.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lower-cost Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy with excellent soft magnet performance and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of high-performance Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy is characterized in that: this Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy chemical composition is expressed as Fe
aP
bC
cSi
dAl
eCr
fCu
g, wherein a, b, c, d, e, f are the atomic percentage of corresponding component, excursion: b=4 ~ 10, c=5 ~ 9, d=0 ~ 6, e=0.5 ~ 1, f=0.3 ~ 0.5, g=0-2, a=(100-b-c-d-e-f-g).
Preferred version: described high-performance Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy is characterized in that: b=6 ~ 8, c=5 ~ 7, d=3 ~ 6, e=0.5 ~ 1, f=0.3 ~ 0.5, g=0.5 ~ 1.5, a=(100-b-c-d-e-f-g).
The preparation method of described high-performance Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy is characterized in that comprising following process:
Step 1, prepare burden and be smelted into the foundry alloy of homogeneous chemical composition according to alloying component;
Step 3, the amorphous thin ribbon that fast quenching is obtained are annealed 300 ~ 400 ℃ in holding temperature interval, time 2 ~ 5min in vacuum annealing furnace.
Why composition system of the present invention can obtain equally distributed nanocrystal and be under lower annealing temperature and shorter temperature retention time: this composition system has added P and Cu simultaneously, by thermodynamics as can be known the enthalpy of mixing △ H of Fe and Cu be positive (13kJ/mol), the enthalpy of mixing △ H of P and Cu be bear (9kJ/mol), this means between Fe and the Cu to exist repulsion, exist gravitation between P and the Cu.In revolving the process of quenching, can be uniform-distribution with the microcell that is rich in P and Cu at noncrystal substrate so, the higher potential core that forms nanocrystalline α-Fe when annealing that becomes of Fe content around these microcells, the annealing process that is incubated by the short time that is rapidly heated can make this non-crystaline amorphous metal crystallization under shorter and relatively low temperature go out equally distributed nanocrystal.
Si is added in when improving alloy amorphous formation ability, also can effectively widen the annealing temperature interval, and the adding of C has increased the amorphous formation ability of alloy, and the adding of Al can also be at surface formation Al after annealing except improving amorphous formation ability
2O
3Protective layer, the requirement to vacuum degree and protective atmosphere when having reduced annealing.The adding of Cr can at the electrode potential that improves the Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy band, improve its resistance to corrosion in use.And the amorphous band that body series makes has preferably amorphous formation ability, excellent anneal process performance, the stability of performance when wider annealing temperature interval can guarantee to anneal in this amorphous alloy strips batch production
Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy of the present invention does not contain the elements such as valuable Nb, W, Zr, B, cost of material is relatively cheap, the adding of a small amount of Al and Cr improved amorphous band in preparation and the heat treatment process oxidation resistance and the corrosion resistance in the use procedure.This alloy system has stronger amorphous formation ability, and wider annealing temperature interval can reduce the defect rate of the rear product of annealing greatly in annealing process.Simultaneously embodiments of the invention all adopt in heat treatment process with stove and heat up and with the Technology for Heating Processing of stove cooling, do not adopt after the general beforehand research test insulation the fast technique of cooling, and this annealing process is more near production practices.Final result shows: under suitable annealing process condition, and the saturation induction density B of this alloying component system
SCan reach 1.76T, coercive force H
CMinimumly 0.7 A/m can be reached, the iron based nano crystal band of excellent soft magnet performance can be obtained to have.Therefore, alloy of the present invention is more suitable for large-scale production, can replace existing silicon steel sheet and Fe-based amorphous, nano-crystal soft magnetic alloy and be applied to the fields such as electric power electric transformer, instrument transformer.
Description of drawings
The embodiment 1,2,3 that accompanying drawing 1 prepares between optimum Composition Region for the present invention, i.e. Fe
80P
7C
5Si
6Al
1Cr
0.5Cu
0.5, Fe
78.5P
6C
7Si
6Al
0.5Cr
0.5Cu
1.5, Fe
80.7P
8C
6Si
3Al
1Cr
0.3Cu
1FINEMET alloy (the Fe of nano-crystal soft magnetic alloy and industrial extensive use as a comparison case
73.5Si
13.5B
9Nb
3Cu
1) magnetic hysteresis loop.Ordinate is magnetic induction density B (T), and abscissa is magnetic field intensity H (kA/m).Coercive force H for the example that clearly draws each enforcement
C, the illustration of accompanying drawing 1 has provided near the magnetic hysteresis loop enlarged drawing of each embodiment origin of coordinates;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the soft magnet performance table of comparisons of each embodiment and Comparative Examples;
Embodiment
Detect that the present invention is further illustrated below by the preparation and property of several groups of embodiment and one group of Comparative Examples (FINEMT alloy), but the present invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
In the composition range of Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy of the present invention, we have prepared many groups embodiment, and wherein representative 3 groups of embodiment and Comparative Examples composition proportion are seen accompanying drawing 2.
Preparation technology and the method for testing performance of embodiment and Comparative Examples are as follows:
(1) takes by weighing purity greater than 99.9% Fe, P-Fe, C-Fe, B-Fe, Si-Fe, Cr-Fe, Cu, Al, Nb raw material by the composition proportion of Fig. 2;
(2) raw material for preparing is put into arc furnace, be evacuated to 5 * 10
-3Below the Pa, first oxygen uptake Ti piece is melted the oxygen that exhausts in the lumen,residual, then repeatedly with each sample melting 4 ~ 5 times, and in the process of melting, apply electromagnetic agitation, guarantee uniform component distribution, then melted foundry alloy is broken, clean with distilled water, alcohol wash, then put into quartz glass tube.
(3) adopt and to revolve the equipment of quenching and prepare amorphous thin ribbon: the quartz glass tube that foundry alloy will be housed is fixed on the running roller top, is evacuated to 6 * 10
-3Below the Pa, be filled with argon gas, to high temperature fused state, the copper roller that is ejected into High Rotation Speed by nozzle under the pressure-acting that argon gas produces cools off the preparation amorphous thin ribbon fast with the foundry alloy induction heating, and the roller surface linear velocity is 40m/s.
(4) the standby nano-crystal soft magnetic alloy of Annealing Crystallization legal system: the amorphous thin ribbon of fast quenching gained is carried out subsequent annealing under the protection of Ar gas in vacuum annealing furnace.Embodiment F e
81.5P
4C
9Si
4Al
1Cr
0.5Annealing conditions be 400 ℃, temperature retention time 3min; Embodiment F e
82.2P
8C
6Si
2Al
0.5Cr
0.3Cu
1Annealing conditions be 350 ℃, temperature retention time 2min; Embodiment F e
78.5P
10C
9Al
0.5Cr
0.5Cu
1.5300 ℃ of annealing temperatures, temperature retention time 2min; Embodiment F e
80.5P
6C
5Si
6Al
1Cr
0.5Cu
1340 ℃ of annealing temperatures, temperature retention time 3min; Embodiment F e
83P
6C
7Si
1Al
0.7Cr
0.3Cu
2310 ℃ of annealing temperatures, temperature retention time 5min; Embodiment F e
80P
7C
5Si
6Al
1Cr
0.5Cu
0.5380 ℃ of annealing temperatures, temperature retention time 3min; Embodiment F e
78.5P
6C
7Si
6Al
0.5Cr
0.5Cu
1.5300 ℃ of annealing temperatures, temperature retention time 5min; Embodiment F e
80.7P
8C
6Si
3Al
1Cr
0.3Cu
1350 ℃ of annealing temperatures, temperature retention time 2min; Comparative Examples Fe
73.5Si
13.5B
9Nb
3Cu
1Annealing conditions be 535 ℃, temperature retention time 60min.
(5) insulation cools to room temperature with the furnace after finishing.
(6) the saturation induction density B of employing soft magnetism DC measurement testing of equipment nano-crystal soft magnetic alloy
SWith coercive force H
CMaximum measurement fields 8000A/m adopts electric impedance analyzer to measure the magnetic permeability of nano-crystal soft magnetic alloy (measuring frequency 1kHz measures magnetic field 0.4A/m), adopt the loss (measuring frequency 50Hz, the maximum magnetic flux density 1T that measures) after alternating-current B-H loop line instrument is measured Nanocrystalline core annealing.Saturation induction density B after each embodiment and the Comparative Examples annealing
S, H
C, μ
e, W sees Fig. 2.
As can be seen from Figure 2: Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy of the present invention and at present typical FINEMET(Fe
73.5Si
13.5B
9Nb
3Cu
1) magnetically soft alloy compares, and do not contain the elements such as valuable Nb, W, Zr, B, replace expensive B with relatively cheap P and C, so alloying component of the present invention has relatively cheap cost advantage.The B of Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy of the present invention
SBe up to 1.76 T, H
CMinimum 0.7 A/m that reaches, the magnetic permeability μ of optimum embodiment
eSuitable with loss W and Comparative Examples, although the magnetic permeability of optimum embodiment is starkly lower than Comparative Examples, its saturation induction density B
SApparently higher than Comparative Examples, and with low cost, the annealing energy consumption is low, is advocating the today that makes up energy resource economizing type friendly environment society in the present whole society especially, and this alloy system has broad application prospects.
This shows, Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy of the present invention has advantages of that cost is relatively low, soft magnet performance is excellent, anneal process performance is good, is more suitable for large-scale production, has broad application prospects in fields such as electric power electric transformer, instrument transformers.
Claims (4)
1. high-performance Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy, it is characterized in that: this Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy chemical composition is expressed as Fe
aP
bC
cSi
dAl
eCr
fCu
g, wherein a, b, c, d, e, f are the atomic percentage of corresponding component, excursion: b=4 ~ 10, c=5 ~ 9, d=0 ~ 6, e=0.5 ~ 1, f=0.3 ~ 0.5, g=0-2, a=(100-b-c-d-e-f-g).
2. according to right 1 described high-performance Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy, it is characterized in that: b=6 ~ 8, c=5 ~ 7, d=3 ~ 6, e=0.5 ~ 1, f=0.3 ~ 0.5, g=0.5 ~ 1.5, a=(100-b-c-d-e-f-g).
3. high-performance Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: this Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy chemical composition is: Fe
81.5P
4C
9Si
4Al
1Cr
0.5Or Fe
82.2P
8C
6Si
2Al
0.5Cr
0.3Cu
1Or Fe
78.5P
10C
9Al
0.5Cr
0.5Cu
1.5Or Fe
80.5P
6C
5Si
6Al
1Cr
0.5Cu
1Or Fe
83P
6C
7Si
1Al
0.7Cr
0.3Cu
2Or Fe
80P
7C
5Si
6Al
1Cr
0.5Cu
0.5Or Fe
78.5P
6C
7Si
6Al
0.5Cr
0.5Cu
1.5Or Fe
80.7P
8C
6Si
3Al
1Cr
0.3Cu
1
4. the preparation method of high-performance Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising following process:
Step 1, prepare burden and be smelted into the foundry alloy of homogeneous chemical composition according to alloying component;
Step 2, foundry alloy is heated to molten condition, to the copper roller, cools off fast the preparation amorphous thin ribbon by nozzle ejection;
Step 3, the amorphous thin ribbon that fast quenching is obtained are annealed 300 ~ 400 ℃ in holding temperature interval, time 2 ~ 5min in vacuum annealing furnace.
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Application publication date: 20130227 |