CN102944998B - Method for modeling electrolytic aluminium rectification system - Google Patents
Method for modeling electrolytic aluminium rectification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944998B CN102944998B CN201210441995.6A CN201210441995A CN102944998B CN 102944998 B CN102944998 B CN 102944998B CN 201210441995 A CN201210441995 A CN 201210441995A CN 102944998 B CN102944998 B CN 102944998B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for modeling an electrolytic aluminium rectification system. Four models of an electrolytic bath load, a current stabilization controller, a rectifier set and an on-load regulating transformer are sequentially built and are combined into a model of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system. The method for modeling the electrolytic aluminium rectification system is that the transient state and steady state characteristics of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system are researched and analyzed, pressure regulating strategies and abnormal unit control strategies are combined, so that the model of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system is built. The principles are clear, and the method is simple and is easy to realize; and moreover, the model is precise and reliable, can be applied to digital simulation, can effectively test the steady state and transient state control performances of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system, and has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The modeling method of the present invention and a kind of electrolytic aluminium rectification system, belongs to the control technology field of chemical industry and metallurgy low-voltage high-current rectifier.
Background technology
For aluminium electroloysis industry, the smoothness of DC current is one of key factor affecting aluminium electroloysis output.In aluminium electroloysis, anode effect can cause potline current to fluctuate widely; If without steady flow measure, liquid aluminum there will be runout, easily causes intereelectrode short-circuit.For normal production, must strengthen electrolytic tank pole span, result causes that tank voltage rises, power consumption increases, groove temperature is too high and the bad situation such as current efficiency reduction occurs, and current stabilization control has just become indispensable important step in aluminum smelting technology, and receives much attention for a long time.In research aluminium electrolysis process, the current stabilization of potline current controls to be the important topic being worth research in current aluminium electroloysis industry electric power system.
For research and analysis electrolytic aluminium control system transient state and steady-state characteristic, better realize the good control of Aluminum Electrolysis Production process, need to set up electrolytic aluminium rectification system model, thus electrolytic aluminium rectification system is emulated and theory calculate, electrolytic tank is as the load of electrolytic aluminium rectification system, its electrical model and the determination of design parameter are complicated processes, at present, not yet there is model electrolytic tank load combined with commutation system, and the adjustment of the current ULTC to electrolytic tank is primarily of manually completing, the voltage-regulation of electrolytic aluminium is made to have a large amount of labile factors, when if also have, in existing electrolytic aluminium control system, rectifying installation occurs abnormal all need unit to excise, machine stop times is more, impact is produced, produce larger economic loss.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art; the modeling method of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system provided; by transient state and the steady-state characteristic of research and analysis electrolytic aluminium control system, and in conjunction with pressure regulation strategy and abnormal unit allocation strategy, build the model of electrolytic aluminium rectification system; clear principle; method is simple, is easy to realize, and model is accurately reliable; can be applicable to Digital Simulation, the stable state of effective checking system and transient state control performance.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A modeling method for electrolytic aluminium rectification system, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps,
The current stabilizing controller model current stabilizing controller that step (1) is set up needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system adopts PID controller, wherein the transport function G (s) of PID controller, as shown in Equation (1),
Wherein, K is the proportionality constant of PID controller, K
ifor the integration constant of PID controller, K
dfor the derivative constant of PID controller, s is the multiple parameter in G (s) transport function;
Step (2) sets up the rectifier group model needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
The parallel connection of multiple rectifier is adopted to form rectifier group, each rectifier all adopts the diode rectification mode of thyristor rectifier mode or band autotransducer to change output voltage, thyristor in rectifier or diode are born the pilot angle that electrical angle that forward cathode voltage plays switching tube conducting is defined as rectifier to represent with α, the output voltage u of rectifier
dwith rectifier pilot angle
Relation is there is between α, as shown in Equation (2),
Wherein, U
mfor the maximal value of the three-phase line voltage of rectifier;
Step (3) sets up the ULTC model needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
Using the foundation of the regulation and control state of rectifier group as ULTC action, if the scope of the rectifier controlling angled a of step (2) is 0-α
m, and be divided into three intervals, Interval I: [0, α
1]; Interval II (α
1, α
2); Interval III: [α
2, α
m], if rectifier controlling angled a is in Interval I, then carry out the upshift operation of ULTC; If rectifier controlling angled a is in interval III, carry out the downshift operation of ULTC, ensure that rectifier controlling angled a is in interval II all the time, obtain the pressure regulation model of ULTC, as shown in Equation (3),
Wherein, n
kfor the no-load voltage ratio of transformer in ULTC when kth time regulates; D is the adjustment step pitch of load tap changer in ULTC; F (V) is lifting shelves controlled quentity controlled variable; α is rectifier pilot angle; Δ t is the sum that timer delay parameter and on-load transformer tap changer regulate mechanical delay parameter; n
min, n
maxbe respectively higher limit and the lower limit of load tap changer no-load voltage ratio in ULTC;
Step (4) sets up the electrolytic tank load module needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
Adopt the mode of resistant series back electromotive force, draw the equivalent model of electrolytic aluminium load module, and the output voltage u of step (3) described rectifier
d, the electric current I in electrolytic tank load module is obtained according to formula (1),
Wherein, m is the quantity of electrolytic tank; E is the back electromotive force on electrolytic tank load both positive and negative polarity; R is the equivalent resistance of electrolytic tank load;
Current stabilizing controller, rectifier group, ULTC and electrolytic tank load four models that step (5) is set up to step (4) according to step (1), input power enters rectifier group to electrolytic tank load supplying through ULTC, current stabilizing controller controls steady output current, completes the modeling to electrolytic aluminium rectification system.
The modeling method of aforesaid electrolytic aluminium rectification system, is characterized in that: the computing method of step (2) described rectifier controlling angled a are as follows,
If the output voltage of rectifier middle controller is u
k, then rectifier controlling angled a is obtained by formula (5),
The modeling method of aforesaid electrolytic aluminium rectification system, is characterized in that: the equivalent model of the electrolytic aluminium load module described in step (4), meets formula (6),
V
ac=V
a+R
bI+V
c（6）
Wherein, Vac is the pressure drop between electrolytic tank both positive and negative polarity; Va is electrolytic tank cathode voltage; Vc is electrolytic tank cathode voltage; Rb is electrolytic tank resistance; I is the electric current in electrolytic tank load module.
The modeling method of aforesaid electrolytic aluminium rectification system, is characterized in that: described electrolytic tank resistance Rb is determined by parametric variable each in electrolytic aluminium process, and described each parametric variable comprises M
alm, T
b, ACD, H
m, H
b,
wherein M
almfor alumina content, T
bfor distance, H that groove temperature, ACD are between electrolytic tank load positive pole and negative pole
mfor metal height; H
bfor average groove height;
for aluminum fluoride content and
for the content of calcium fluoride.
Usefulness of the present invention is: the modeling method of electrolytic aluminium rectification system of the present invention, by transient state and the steady-state characteristic of research and analysis electrolytic aluminium control system, and in conjunction with pressure regulation strategy and abnormal unit allocation strategy, build the model of electrolytic aluminium rectification system, unit can be taken into account and occur the stable of abnormal conditions time series electric current; Electrolytic aluminium electric power system is adopted total tune and divided and adjusts the control strategy combined; For exception or fault unit, exited total tune and carried out separately a point regulation and control system, using abnormal unit current actual value as feedback quantity, the desired value regulated is determined, with the smaller value in both for reference value carries out little closed loop adjustment according to the abnormal limit value of unit set-point and the setting value of integrated automatic monitoring system; Abnormal unit given value of current value calculates control voltage with the difference measuring value of feedback through PID; by arc cosine computing; obtain the pilot angle of rectifier; this method clear principle, method is simple, is easy to realize; and model is accurately reliable; can be applicable to Digital Simulation, the stable state of effective checking system and transient state control performance, have a good application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the equivalent model figure of electrolytic aluminium load module of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is total tune department pattern figure of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system that the present invention builds.
Fig. 3 is point tune department pattern figure of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system that the present invention builds.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, concrete introduction is done to the present invention.
The modeling method of electrolytic aluminium rectification system of the present invention; by transient state and the steady-state characteristic of research and analysis electrolytic aluminium control system, and in conjunction with pressure regulation strategy and abnormal unit allocation strategy, build the model of electrolytic aluminium rectification system; clear principle; method is simple, is easy to realize, and model is accurately reliable; can be applicable to Digital Simulation; the stable state of effective checking system and transient state control performance, specifically comprise the following steps
The first step, sets up the current stabilizing controller model needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
Current stabilizing controller adopts PID controller, wherein the transport function G (s) of PID controller, as shown in Equation (1),
Wherein, K is the proportionality constant of PID controller, K
ifor the integration constant of PID controller, K
dfor the derivative constant of PID controller, s is the multiple parameter in G (s) transport function;
Second step, sets up the rectifier group model needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
The DC current supplied needed for electrolytic aluminium is larger, single device generally cannot complete supply, separate unit is powered and also be there is the large problem of current fluctuation simultaneously, therefore generally adopt multicomputer to form more pulse wave DC parallels and export supply, therefore the parallel connection of multiple rectifier is adopted to form rectifier group, each rectifier all adopts the diode rectification mode of thyristor rectifier mode or band autotransducer to change output voltage, thyristor in rectifier or diode are born the pilot angle that electrical angle that forward cathode voltage plays switching tube conducting is defined as rectifier to represent with α, the output voltage u of rectifier
dand there is relation between rectifier controlling angled a, as shown in Equation (2),
Wherein, U
mfor the maximal value of the three-phase line voltage of rectifier;
The computing method of rectifier controlling angled a are here as follows,
If the output voltage of rectifier middle controller is u
k, then rectifier controlling angled a is obtained by formula (5),
Wherein U
mfor the maximal value of the three-phase line voltage of rectifier;
3rd step, sets up the ULTC model needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
ULTC is by changing tap, regulating its no-load voltage ratio, to maintain the voltage levvl of load.ULTC completes a tap and moves minimum time usually close to 5s, be called that mechanical time postpones, frequently switch or misoperation for avoiding tap, often mechanical time is postponed to add a period of time, so completing a tap-c hange control required time is 20-100s, belong to slow motion system element, for making full use of the rapidity of rectifier group adjustment and ensureing that its each adjustment has enough regulating powers, using the foundation of the regulation and control state of rectifier group as ULTC action, using the foundation of the regulation and control state of rectifier group as ULTC action, if the scope of the rectifier controlling angled a of second step is 0-α
m, and be divided into three intervals, Interval I: [0, α
1], interval II (α
1, α
2), interval III: [α
2, α
m], if rectifier controlling angled a is in Interval I, then carry out the upshift operation of ULTC, if rectifier controlling angled a is in interval III, carry out the downshift operation of ULTC, ensure that rectifier controlling angled a is in interval II all the time, obtain the pressure regulation model of ULTC, as shown in Equation (3),
Wherein, n
kfor the no-load voltage ratio of transformer in ULTC when kth time regulates; D is the adjustment step pitch of load tap changer in ULTC; The implication of f (V) is lifting shelves controlled quentity controlled variable; α is rectifier pilot angle; Δ t is the sum that timer delay parameter and on-load transformer tap changer regulate mechanical delay parameter; n
min, n
maxbe respectively higher limit and the lower limit of load tap changer no-load voltage ratio in ULTC;
Here by rectifier working control angle α and Interval I, II boundary value α
1, α
2relatively, if α
1-α >0, in Fig. 2, the value of K is 1, otherwise is 0; Be 1 as K and keep suitable Dead Time Δ t, then carrying out the upshift operation of ULTC; If α is-α
2in >0, Fig. 2, the value of K is 1, otherwise is 0; Be 1 as K and keep suitable Dead Time Δ t, then carrying out the downshift operation of ULTC;
4th step, sets up the electrolytic tank load module needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
Adopt the mode of resistant series back electromotive force, draw the equivalent model of electrolytic aluminium load module as shown in Figure 1, and the output voltage u of rectifier described in the 3rd step
d, the electric current I in electrolytic tank load module is obtained according to formula (1),
Wherein, m is the quantity of electrolytic tank; E is the back electromotive force on electrolytic tank load both positive and negative polarity; R is the equivalent resistance of electrolytic tank load;
The equivalent model of described electrolytic aluminium load module, meets formula (6),
V
ac=V
a+R
bI+V
c（6）
Wherein, Vac is the pressure drop between electrolytic tank both positive and negative polarity; Va is electrolytic tank cathode voltage; Vc is electrolytic tank cathode voltage; Rb is electrolytic tank resistance; I is the electric current in electrolytic tank load module, and described electrolytic tank resistance Rb is determined by parametric variable each in electrolytic aluminium process, and described each parametric variable comprises M
alm, T
b, ACD, H
m, H
b,
wherein M
almfor alumina content, T
bfor distance, H that groove temperature, ACD are between electrolytic tank load positive pole and negative pole
mfor metal height; H
bfor average groove height;
for aluminum fluoride content and
for the content of calcium fluoride, the actual value of Rb here, because the correlative of Rb is a lot, needs to take suitable simplification to choosing of Rb under the prerequisite not affecting rectify control index.Therefore electrolytic aluminium load electrical model can be equivalent to resistant series back electromotive force, the value of back electromotive force is as a constant, and under normal operation, resistance remains unchanged, and load change is characterized by the change of resistance;
5th step, according to current stabilizing controller, rectifier group, ULTC and electrolytic tank load four models that the first step is set up to the 4th step, input power enters rectifier group to electrolytic tank load supplying through ULTC, current stabilizing controller controls the steady output current of rectifier group, namely completes the modeling to electrolytic aluminium rectification system.
As Fig. 2, shown in 3, total illustraton of model adjusting part, point tune part of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system that the present invention builds, wherein I
reffor participating in the given value of current value always adjusting each unit, I
ref1, I
ref2..., I
refpbe respectively and participate in total given value of current value adjusting each unit; I
1, I
2..., I
pbe respectively normal work unit the 1st, 2 ..., the current actual value of p platform unit, the difference of set-point and actual value calculates control circuit signal, I through the PID model of current stabilizing controller
reff1, I
reff2..., I
refflbe respectively each abnormal type motor given value of current limit value; F (s) is feedforward control, K
11, K
i11, K
d11..., K
1p, K
i1p, K
d1pfor always adjusting the pid control parameter of each single fighter; K
1q1, K
i1q1, K
d1q1..., K
1qn, K
i1qn, K
d1qnfor the pid control parameter of distribution adjusting machine group; I
reffj1, I
reffj2..., I
reffjnbe respectively the given current value of each distribution adjusting machine group complex automatic system; E is the back electromotive force in electrolytic tank equivalent model, and R is the resistance in electrolytic tank equivalent model, and m is electrolytic tank quantity; U
1..., U
n, U
q1..., U
qnfor anode voltage effective value; α
mfor rectifier pilot angle maximal value, rectifier pilot angle corresponding during the action of α ULTC; K is the interval discriminant coefficient of rectifier pilot angle, and I is total output current, and I ' is total tune part output current, and " adjust part output current for dividing, arccos is negate cosine module to I, and cos is cosine module.
The principle of work of the electrolytic aluminium rectification system that the present invention sets up is as follows:
The adjustment of the ULTC model of foundation is added among Rectification Power Factor, when a certain unit occurs abnormal, carry out Exception Type differentiation, determine the maximum set-point of the output current of this unit, using this maximum set-point as fault electromechanics stream set-point, and point regulation and control always transferring in row independent abnormal unit being exited electrolytic aluminium rectification system are made, the duty of this unit is designated as simultaneously and exits, change and participate in total unit number adjusted, the set-point of abnormal unit electric current obtains according to the limit value of unit Exception Type and the setting value of integrated automatic monitoring system, be given with smaller in the setting value of integrated automation control system and limit value.The difference of this set-point and abnormal unit current actual value calculates control voltage through PID controller, obtains pilot angle by arc cosine computing, controls the control output voltage of rectifier unit.
The normal work unit of electrolytic aluminium rectification system always regulates and controls system, and electrolytic aluminium rectification system current stabilization utilizes upper monitoring machine or manually sets total current value I
ref, deduct the electric current total set-point of current actual value as normal work unit of abnormal unit, the difference that normal work unit total current actual value outputs signal by total direct current instrument transformer output signal and abnormal unit output current transformer or each normal work unit actual current value be added obtains, using the unit total current actual value that normally works as total series feedback signal, using the value after the computing i.e. difference of normal work unit total current set-point and its actual value as disturbance quantity, after carrying out feedforward controller again with normally work that unit total current is given to be superposed, thus complete the adjustment of total current stabilization, and outputed signal divided by normal operating unit number as total set-point adjusting the little closed-loop control of single fighter, normal operating unit number can deduct by total unit number the method exiting unit number and distribution adjusting machine group number and obtain, in on-the-spot operation, normal operating unit number can obtain from monitor data, the sampled signal of each point of direct current instrument transformer is as the little close-loop feedback signal of single fighter, the difference of set-point and actual value sends into a point ring PID controller, the pilot angle of rectifier group is obtained by arc cosine computing, control the output voltage of rectifier group, when ensureing that rectifying installation occurs abnormal, only excision fault machine, other unit normally works, without the need to shutting down, production efficiency is provided, and put in order clear, method is simple, be easy to realize, and model is accurately reliable, can be applicable to Digital Simulation, the stable state of effective checking system and transient state control performance, have a good application prospect.
More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage.The technician of the industry should understand, and above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, the technical scheme that the mode that all employings are equal to replacement or equivalent transformation obtains, and all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the modeling method of electrolytic aluminium rectification system, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps,
Step (1) sets up the current stabilizing controller model needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
Current stabilizing controller adopts PID controller, wherein the transport function G (s) of PID controller, as shown in formula (1),
Wherein, K is the proportionality constant of PID controller, K
ifor the integration constant of PID controller, K
dfor the derivative constant of PID controller, s is the multiple parameter in transport function G (s);
Step (2) sets up the rectifier group model needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
The parallel connection of multiple rectifier is adopted to form rectifier group, each rectifier all adopts the diode rectification mode of thyristor rectifier mode or band autotransducer to change output voltage, thyristor in rectifier or diode are born the pilot angle that electrical angle that forward cathode voltage plays switching tube conducting is defined as rectifier to represent with α, the output voltage u of rectifier
dwith rectifier pilot angle
Relation is there is between α, as shown in formula (2),
Wherein, U
mfor the maximal value of the three-phase line voltage of rectifier;
Step (3) sets up the ULTC model needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
Using the foundation of the regulation and control state of rectifier group as ULTC action, if the scope of the rectifier controlling angled a of step (2) is 0-α
m, and be divided into three intervals, Interval I: [0, α
1]; Interval II (α
1, α
2); Interval III: [α
2, α
m], if rectifier controlling angled a is in Interval I, then carry out the upshift operation of ULTC; If rectifier controlling angled a is in interval III, carry out the downshift operation of ULTC, ensure that rectifier controlling angled a is in interval II all the time, obtain the pressure regulation model of ULTC, as formula (3)
Shown in,
Wherein, n
kfor the no-load voltage ratio of transformer in ULTC when kth time regulates; D is the adjustment step pitch of load tap changer in ULTC; F (V) is elevated shelves controlled quentity controlled variable; α is rectifier pilot angle; Δ t is that timer delay parameter and on-load transformer tap changer regulate mechanical delay parameter sum; n
min, n
maxbe respectively transformer tap in ULTC
The higher limit of head no-load voltage ratio and lower limit;
Step (4) sets up the electrolytic tank load module needed for electrolytic aluminium rectification system
Adopt the mode of resistant series back electromotive force, draw the equivalent model of electrolytic aluminium load module, and the output voltage u of step (2) described rectifier
d, the electric current I in electrolytic tank load module is obtained according to formula (1),
Wherein, m is the quantity of electrolytic tank; E is the back electromotive force on electrolytic tank load both positive and negative polarity; R is the equivalent resistance of electrolytic tank load;
The equivalent model of described electrolytic aluminium load module, meets formula (6),
V
ac＝V
a+R
bI+V
c(6)
Wherein, Vac is the pressure drop between electrolytic tank both positive and negative polarity; Va is electrolytic tank cathode voltage; Vc is electrolytic tank cathode voltage; R
bfor electrolytic tank resistance; I is the electric current in electrolytic tank load module;
Step (5) set up to step (4) according to step (1) electrolytic tank load, current stabilizing controller, rectifier group and ULTC four models, input power enters rectifier group to electrolytic tank load supplying through ULTC, current stabilizing controller controls rectifier group and exports stable electric current, completes the modeling to electrolytic aluminium rectification system.
2. the modeling method of electrolytic aluminium rectification system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described electrolytic tank resistance R
bbe determined by parametric variable each in electrolytic aluminium process, described each parametric variable comprises M
alm, T
b, ACD, H
m, H
b,
wherein M
almfor alumina content, T
bfor distance, H that groove temperature, ACD are between electrolytic tank load positive pole and negative pole
mfor metal height; H
bfor average groove height;
for aluminum fluoride content and
for the content of calcium fluoride.
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| CN107740142B (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-05-17 | 九江赛晶科技股份有限公司 | A kind of interior lower thyristor rectifier device redundancy handover control system of compensation operation of aluminium cell |
| CN108808688B (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2021-07-02 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | Stable control load shedding method based on electrolytic aluminum control characteristics |
| CN111341389B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2023-03-31 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Electrolytic aluminum load electric heating characteristic modeling method for direct load control |
| CN112583010B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-03-24 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | Method and device for determining equivalent parameters of electrolytic load rectified by thyristor |
| CN113721484B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-04-11 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | Electrolytic aluminum constant current control simulation method based on self-saturation reactor element |
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