CN102944828A - Intelligent solar cell module outdoor testing platform and testing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent solar cell module outdoor testing platform and a testing method thereof. The solar cell module to be measured is fixed on the bracket of the outdoor testing platform, and contains a control circuit board with a microprocessor as the core. The electronic load with two working modes of constant voltage and constant current can measure the IV characteristic curve of the solar cell module by controlling the electronic load; the smart topology circuit can be controlled by the control circuit board to realize the switching between the individual measurement and series and parallel measurement of two battery modules ; At the same time, according to the proposed outdoor test process of the solar cell module, the collected data is stored in the large-capacity storage module of the platform, and at the same time, the data is sent to the remote control computer through network communication. The invention can truly reflect the working conditions of the solar cell components in the outdoor environment, and effectively realize the performance evaluation of the solar cell components.

Description

An outdoor test platform and test method for an intelligent solar cell module

technical field

The invention belongs to the fields of electrical technology and energy technology, and specifically relates to an outdoor testing platform for intelligent solar cell components and a testing method thereof.

Background technique

With the rapid development of science and technology, the demand for energy is increasing at home and abroad, especially after entering the 21st century, energy issues are becoming important issues in society, economy, environment, etc. Green renewable resources are playing an increasingly important role in the world energy crisis. In recent years, the domestic solar photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly. The output of photovoltaic modules of various photovoltaic companies has increased year by year, and the reliability of photovoltaic modules has been increasing. Comprehensive measurement has become an indispensable step in the production process of various photovoltaic enterprises.

At present, the test environment of solar cells and modules in domestic photovoltaic enterprises is mainly based on indoor solar simulators, which artificially control the environment in which cells and modules are located, so as to obtain the IV characteristics of solar cells or photovoltaic modules in different environments The advantage is that the working environment requirements such as irradiance, temperature, and component stress can be controlled manually, and various harsh test environments can be simulated to obtain the limit work that the component can adapt to. environment. However, it has obvious defects. There is a difference between the indoor simulated sunlight and the actual light. Since the environment is artificially simulated, it cannot effectively reflect the real state of the components in the complex outdoor working environment. Therefore, it is extremely important to establish an outdoor test platform for photovoltaic modules to perform IV characteristic curve test experiments in outdoor environments.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent solar cell module outdoor testing platform and its testing method. Through the topology, the solar cell modules can be tested in series, in parallel and individually. To switch the electronic load in the working mode, the control circuit board controls the switching of the intelligent topology circuit and the constant voltage and constant current mode of the electronic load.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An outdoor test platform for intelligent solar cell components, characterized in that it includes a solar cell component support capable of intelligently adjusting the angle and position, an electronic load with two operating modes of constant voltage and constant current, and a An intelligent topological circuit and a control circuit board for connecting the solar battery module and the load; the solar battery module is connected with the electronic load through the intelligent topological circuit, and the electronic load is directly connected with the control circuit, and the intelligent topological circuit controls switching through the control circuit . Wherein, what power unit adopted is electric motor.

The solar cell module support includes an aluminum alloy support and a solar cell module fixing plate. The support has a horizontal degree of freedom of rotation, which can realize rotation from 0° to 360°. The component fixing plate has a vertical degree of freedom of rotation, which can realize solar energy. The transformation of the battery module from vertical (90°) to horizontal (180°) can realize the all-round change of the orientation of the solar battery module by working together with the horizontal rotation of the support. There are encoder discs on the support, supporting shaft and fixed shaft respectively, and the motor works to make the supporting shaft and fixed shaft rotate. The rotation angle corresponds to the electrical signal of the encoding disc, and the electrical signal is transmitted to the CPU module through the signal conditioning circuit. The corresponding positions of the solar cell module bracket and the fixing plate can be controlled and obtained in real time; the solar cell module is fixed on the top of the bracket, and the angle can be adjusted with the bracket, and then connected to the intelligent topology circuit through the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the solar cell module. An irradiance sensor is installed on the edge of the component fixing plate, and the obtained irradiance parameters are sent to the CPU module through a signal conditioning circuit.

The intelligent topology circuit is that two groups of solar battery components are connected in series with the intelligent switch through the positive and negative output terminals, and the intelligent topology circuit is controlled by the intelligent switch to connect the components in series and parallel, so as to facilitate the separate measurement of the two groups of solar battery components or the switching of the series-parallel circuit Measurement; each intelligent switch is directly controlled by the control circuit board to realize the topology conversion of the on-off control circuit.

The electronic load with constant current and constant voltage operation mode switching includes an electronic load circuit and a control signal conditioning circuit; the electronic load is a feedback control circuit composed of an operational amplifier and an N-channel low conduction MOSFET, and the positive side of the electronic load is The negative input terminals are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the intelligent topology circuit, so as to be connected to the solar battery module; the control signal conditioning circuit is connected to the control circuit board, and the control signal is processed to control the working state of the electronic load.

The control circuit board includes a CPU module, an AD signal conditioning circuit, a signal conditioning circuit, a DA module, a real-time clock module, an irradiance measurement module, a temperature measurement module, an LCD liquid crystal display module, an SD card storage module, and a network communication module; The CPU module uses the DSP chip TMS320F28027 produced by TI as the core controller; the irradiance measurement module adopts the silicon irradiance sensor produced by IMT Solar, which is juxtaposed with the solar cell assembly; the temperature measurement module adopts Multiple Pt100 platinum thermal resistances are used as temperature sensors, which are respectively placed on the back of the solar cell module and in the air; the irradiance and temperature sensors and the output signals of the encoding disc are connected to the CPU module through the signal conditioning circuit, and the DA module is connected to the real-time clock module It is connected to the CPU module through the I2C bus, the LCD display module, the mass storage module and the network communication module are connected to the CPU module through the SPI bus, and the CPU module is connected to the wireless router through the network communication module.

An outdoor testing method for solar cell components, based on the above-mentioned outdoor testing platform for solar cell components, the steps of the outdoor testing method for solar cell components are as follows:

(1) Control the intelligent topology circuit through the control circuit board, so that the switches (205) (207) are turned on, and (206) (208) are turned off, so that two sets of solar cell components are connected to the load respectively, and two sets of solar cell components are measured separately effect. Measure the solar irradiance, battery module temperature, and ambient temperature of the current environment where a single solar cell module is located, and record the data;

(2) Measure the short-circuit current Isc and open-circuit voltage Voc of the solar cell module in the current environment, and calculate the working voltage Vapp at the approximate maximum power point. The corresponding formula is as follows:

Vapp = kVoc;

Where k is 0.8; according to the Vapp value, calculate the working point Ncv’ that may need to be measured in the constant voltage mode, the formula is as follows:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncv</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mV</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

If Ncv' is less than 128, the number of measuring points Ncv in constant voltage mode is the value rounded to Ncv'; if Ncv' is greater than or equal to 128, then take Ncv=128; from Ncv, the electronic load controlled by the constant voltage mode can be calculated Voltage change step size ΔV:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;V</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncv</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

(3) Make the electronic load work in constant voltage mode, and measure the current value Iapp when the solar cell module works at Vapp;

(4) From the value of Iapp, the number of points Ncc’ that the electronic load may need to measure in the constant current mode can be calculated:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncc</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Iapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.7</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mA</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

If Ncc' is less than 128, the number of measurement points Ncc in constant current mode is the rounded value of Ncc'; if Ncc' is greater than or equal to 128, go to Ncc=128; calculate the current step size ΔI of the load controlled in constant current mode by Ncc :

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;I</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Iapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncc</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

(5) In the constant voltage mode, by controlling the operating voltage of the electronic load to change from 0 to Vapp, the step size is ΔV; then switch the electronic load to the constant current operating mode, and control its operating current, changing from Iapp to 0, the step size is ΔI; the control circuit board records the IV curve data of the solar cell module through the AD sampling module;

(6) After the IV curve measurement is completed, measure the solar irradiance, ambient air temperature, and component temperature in the current environment again, and record the data;

(7) Calculate the short-circuit current Isc, open-circuit voltage Voc, maximum power point power Pm, current value Im at the maximum power point, voltage value Vm at the maximum power point, and fill factor FF of the solar cell module based on the obtained IV characteristic curve. ;

(8) After all the data is processed and stored, repeat step (1) to measure the IV curve of the solar cell module at the next moment;

(9) When it is necessary to adjust the direction of the platform, rotate the supporting shaft (103) and the fixed shaft (105), precisely control the rotation angle and position of the solar cell module through the encoder disc, and at the same time transmit the signal to the CPU for storage, and then carry out the above Steps 1-8;

(10) Control the intelligent topology circuit through the control circuit board, the second one-way switch (206) is closed, the two-way switch (208) is turned on, the first one-way switch (205) and the third one-way switch (207) are turned off, Make the two sets of solar cell components in two series connection states, repeat the above steps 1-9, measure the IV characteristic curve of the two sets of solar cell components in series, and record and store the data; through the intelligent topology circuit, the first one-way switch (205) And the third one-way switch (207) is turned on, the two-way switch (208) is turned on, and the second one-way switch (206) is turned off, so that the two sets of solar battery modules are in two parallel states, repeat the above steps 1-9, Measure the IV characteristic curve of two groups of solar cell modules connected in parallel, and record and store the data;

Among them, the control circuit scans the IV curve of the solar cell module every 5 seconds, stores the measured curve data and environmental parameters in the SD card, and communicates with the host computer through the Ethernet interface through the wireless router, and the The data is stored in the database of the upper computer.

Through the above technical scheme, the present invention can test the conditions of solar battery components in series, parallel and single action, the electronic load with two switchable working modes of constant current and constant voltage, the control circuit board controls the intelligent topology circuit and the electronic load with constant voltage and constant current Mode switching can display in real time the measured angular position of the solar cell module, the current environmental factors (solar irradiance and module, ambient temperature), the output characteristic curve of the solar cell module and other important parameters, which can be real It reflects the working condition of the solar cell module in the outdoor environment, realizes the IV characteristic curve test experiment in the outdoor environment, and effectively realizes the evaluation of the performance of the solar cell module.

Description of drawings

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment;

Fig. 1 is the specific embodiment of intelligent solar energy outdoor testing platform of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the smart solar cell module outdoor test platform support when the module fixing plate is in a vertical state according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the smart solar cell module outdoor test platform support when the module fixing plate is in a horizontal state according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a series-parallel intelligent topology circuit of solar battery modules of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electronic load circuit of the solar cell module of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a working flowchart of the solar cell module of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the intelligent solar cell module outdoor test platform of the present invention includes a solar cell module bracket, an intelligent topology circuit, an electronic load and a control circuit board, and a fixing method on the solar cell module bracket, which can realize a complete solar cell module Azimuth and multi-angle rotation, intelligently adapt to the irradiation conditions in different periods, intelligent topology of solar cell components and load circuits, through the topology can test the conditions of solar cell components in series, parallel and single action, constant current and constant voltage can be used To switch the electronic load in the working mode, the control circuit board controls the switching of the intelligent topology circuit and the constant voltage and constant current mode of the electronic load.

In this embodiment, the control circuit board includes a CPU module, a DA module, an AD sampling and conditioning circuit, an encoding disc module, an LCD display module, a large-capacity storage module, and a clock module; the CPU module is connected to the electronic load via the DA module, and the electronic load The output end is connected to the AD sampling and conditioning circuit, the irradiance sensor and each temperature sensor for measuring environmental factors, and the encoder disc module used to determine the position of the solar cell module is connected to the CPU module through the signal sampling and conditioning circuit; the large-capacity The storage module, the LCD module, the clock module and the network module are directly connected to the CPU module; wherein, the network module is connected to the remote control computer router through the test platform router, and is connected to the remote control computer.

The above-mentioned CPU module is a DSP chip TMS320F28027 produced by TI Company, which has a built-in 12-bit AD converter, which can realize the sampling of various analog signals and adjust the corresponding signal data. Among them, the signals that need to be sampled and conditioned include: the load voltage at the input terminal of the electronic load, the load current passing through the electronic load, the component temperature of the two sets of solar cell components, the ambient temperature, the solar irradiance, and the solar cell component obtained from the code disc. Turned angle and position. After the DSP has sampled various analog signals, the measurement time, IV characteristic curve data, environmental parameters, component rotation angle and location are stored in the SD card through the SPI bus; at the same time, the DSP monitors the working status of the electronic load through the DA module Make adjustments to realize the measurement of the IV characteristic curve, thereby changing the working point of the solar cell module so that it works at the maximum power point; the network module of the outdoor test platform and the remote control computer are connected to the network together, so that the DSP can transfer the measured value of the day Even if the data is sent to the remote control computer and stored in the database; the LCD of the outdoor test platform can display in real time the angular position of the currently measured solar cell components, the current environmental factors (solar irradiance and components, ambient temperature), Important parameters such as the output characteristic curve of the solar cell module. Among them, the large-capacity storage module can choose SD card, etc., and the network can choose wireless local area network.

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the solar cell module support includes a support 101 placed on the outdoor ground, a support shaft 103 arranged on the support 101, a power device that drives the support shaft 103, and a power unit installed on the support shaft 103. The top support 104 and the component fixing plate 106 that is installed on the top support 104 and can adjust the angle and position; the top support 104 is also provided with a fixed rotating shaft 105, and the component fixing plate 104 is connected with the fixed rotating shaft 105 through the push rod In connection therewith, an irradiance sensor 107 is also provided on the edge of the component fixing plate 106 . The solar cell module bracket also includes a telescopic fixing rod 102 for fixing the rotating shaft 105 and the module fixing plate 106 , one end of the telescopic fixing rod 102 is connected to the module fixing plate 106 , and the other end is connected to the bottom of the supporting rotating shaft 103 .

In this embodiment, the support 101 is placed on the ground, and an encoder disc is placed at the position where the support rotating shaft 102 is installed on the support to control the angle required when the motor drives the support rotating shaft 103 to rotate, and its accuracy is controlled at 1° , and at the same time transmit the angle and position of the solar cell module to the CPU through electrical signals. The top support (104) has a fixed rotating shaft (105) on it, and also only has the code disc, which is fixed with the component fixing plate (106) by the support rod. An encoder disc is installed at the position where the fixed shaft 105 is installed on the top support 104, so as to control the movement of the shaft to achieve the control of the required angle. The range is 90°-180°. The signal is transmitted to the CPU module for storage, realizing the all-round and multi-angle working status of the test platform.

An irradiance sensor (107) is juxtaposed on the component fixing plate, and a temperature sensor PT100 is installed on the back of the solar cell component, and the obtained irradiance and temperature data are transmitted to the CPU module. The solar battery module is installed on the module fixing plate, and through the combined action of the supporting rotating shaft (103) and the fixed rotating shaft (105), the test platform can realize all-round and multi-angle working conditions.

Wherein, the materials of the bearing 101, the supporting shaft 103 and the supporting rod are all made of aluminum alloy, which is light and has a certain hardness. The component fixing plate 106 can be a monocrystalline silicon component plate, but the material is not limited. According to the test requirements, a polycrystalline silicon component plate, a thin film battery component plate, etc. can also be selected.

As shown in Figure 4, two sets of solar cell components and loads are connected in series and parallel intelligent topological circuits. The intelligent topology circuit includes electronic loads 203, 204 and solar cell assemblies 201, 202 connected in parallel, and a first one-way switch 205 and a second one-way switch 205 are respectively connected between the solar cell assembly 201, the electronic load 204, and the solar cell assembly 202. A directional switch 206 , a third unidirectional switch 207 is connected between the solar cell assembly 202 and the electronic load 203 , and a bidirectional switch ( 208 ) is connected between the electronic load 203 and the electronic load 204 . Among them, the output lines of the two sets of battery assemblies 201 and 202 are connected to the load circuits 203 and 204 through the first one-way switch 205 , the second one-way switch 206 , the third one-way switch 207 and the two-way switch 208 . Among them, the first unidirectional switch 205, the second unidirectional switch 206 and the third unidirectional switch 207 can use low-conduction MOSFETs to realize current on-off, and the bidirectional switch 208 can be obtained by connecting two MOSFETs in parallel. Under consideration of different conditions, the switch can be replaced by other components such as relays.

When the first unidirectional switch 205 and the third unidirectional switch 207 are turned on, and the second unidirectional switch 206 and the bidirectional switch 208 are turned off, the two groups of solar battery modules can be respectively connected to the load to test their respective working conditions. When the first unidirectional switch 205 and the third unidirectional switch 207 are turned on, the bidirectional switch 208 is turned on, and the second unidirectional switch 206 is turned off, two groups of components are connected in parallel, and the parallel state of the two groups of components can be tested by adjusting the load the following working conditions. When the second one-way switch 206 is closed, the two-way switch 208 is on, and the first one-way switch 205 and the third one-way switch 207 are off, two sets of components can be connected in series and two sets of solar cell components can be tested in series by adjusting the load. status of work.

As shown in Figure 5, it is a circuit diagram of the electronic load of the solar cell module, which can switch between constant voltage mode and constant current mode.

When working in constant voltage mode, the gate voltage of MOSFET Q9 is low, and the source and drain are not conducting. The circuit works in constant voltage mode. At this time, the rated control voltage (DA_CV) is given at the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier U8A, the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the base of the transistor Q11 through the resistor R20 and the diode D4, and the output terminal of the transistor is connected to a parallel N-channel MOSFET The gate of the tube, the drain of the MOSFET tube are connected to the positive output terminal of the solar cell module, the source is connected to a low-resistance reference resistor, and the drain of the MOSFET is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier after passing through the voltage dividing resistors R18 and R19. Thus, a stable output voltage can be obtained at the drain of the MOSFET.

When working in the constant current mode, the gate voltage of MOSFET Q10 is low, and the source and drain are not conducting. The circuit works in constant current mode. At this time, the rated control voltage (DA_CC) is given at the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U8B, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the base of the transistor Q12 through the resistor R24 and the diode D5, and the emitter of the transistor Q12 is connected in parallel with N-channel The gate of the MOSFET Q9 is connected to the drain of the MOSFET Q9 to the positive input of the solar cell module, and the source of the MOSFET Q9 is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier U8A through the resistor R23. Thus, a stable output voltage can be obtained at the sources of the parallel MOSFETs.

Wherein, the control voltage provided by the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U8A and the negative input terminal of U8B is provided by the DA chip on the control circuit board after passing through the amplifying circuit. The resistor R17 and the capacitor C22, the resistor R22 and the capacitor C24, and the resistor R19 and the capacitor C23 respectively play the role of filter and rectification. Using multiple MOSFET tubes in parallel can act as a shunt to prevent the operating temperature of a single MOSFET tube from being too high. The drains of MOSFET tubes Q9 and Q10 are respectively connected to the output terminals of two operational amplifiers U8A and U8B, and their gates are connected to the control circuit. When the control circuit gives the gate of Q9 a low level and the gate of Q10 a high level, the circuit is in Constant voltage working mode; when the control circuit gives Q10 gate low level and Q9 gate high level, the circuit is in constant current working mode.

Fig. 6 is a work flow chart of an outdoor test platform for smart solar cell modules. The test method steps are as follows:

(1) Control the intelligent topology circuit through the control circuit board, so that the first one-way switch 205 and the third one-way switch 207 are turned on, and the second one-way switch 206 and the two-way switch 208 are turned off, so that the two sets of solar cell modules are respectively connected to The loads are connected, and the two groups of solar cell components are measured separately. Measure the solar irradiance, battery module temperature, and ambient temperature of the current environment where a single solar cell module is located, and record the data;

(2) Measure the short-circuit current Isc and open-circuit voltage Voc of the solar cell module in the current environment, and calculate the working voltage Vapp at the approximate maximum power point. The corresponding formula is as follows:

Vapp = kVoc;

Where k is 0.8; according to the Vapp value, calculate the working point Ncv’ that may need to be measured in the constant voltage mode, the formula is as follows:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncv</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mV</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

If Ncv' is less than 128, the number of measuring points Ncv in constant voltage mode is the rounded value of Ncv'; if Ncv' is greater than or equal to 128, then take Ncv=128; the voltage controlled by the electronic load in constant voltage mode can be calculated from Ncv Change step size ΔV:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;V</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncv</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

(3) Make the electronic load work in constant voltage mode, and measure the current value Iapp when the solar cell module works at Vapp;

(4) From the value of Iapp, the number of points Ncc’ that the electronic load may need to measure in the constant current mode can be calculated:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncc</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Iapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.7</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mA</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

If Ncc' is less than 128, the number of measurement points Ncc in constant current mode is the rounded value of Ncc'; if Ncc' is greater than or equal to 128, go to Ncc=128; calculate the current step size ΔI of the load controlled in constant current mode by Ncc :

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;I</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Iapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncc</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

(5) In the constant voltage mode, by controlling the operating voltage of the electronic load to change from 0 to Vapp, the step size is ΔV; then switch the electronic load to the constant current operating mode, and control its operating current, changing from Iapp to 0, the step size is ΔI; the control circuit board records the IV curve data of the solar cell module through the AD sampling module;

(6) After the IV curve measurement is completed, measure the solar irradiance, ambient air temperature, and component temperature in the current environment again, and record the data;

(7) From the obtained IV characteristic curve, calculate the solar cell module short-circuit current Isc, open-circuit voltage Voc, maximum power point power Pm, current value Im at the maximum power point, voltage value Vm at the maximum power point, fill factor FF and other characteristic parameters ;

(8) After all the data is processed and stored, repeat step 1) to measure the IV curve of the solar cell module at the next moment;

(9) When it is necessary to adjust the direction of the platform, rotate the supporting shaft 103 and the fixed shaft 105, accurately control the rotation angle and position of the components through the encoder disc, and at the same time transmit the signal to the CPU for storage, and then perform the above steps 1-8;

(10) The intelligent topology circuit is controlled by the control circuit board, the second one-way switch 206 is closed, the two-way switch 208 is turned on, the first one-way switch 205 and the third one-way switch 207 are turned off, so that two sets of solar battery modules In two series connection states, repeat the above steps 1-9, measure the IV characteristic curves of two sets of solar battery modules connected in series, and record and store the data; through the intelligent topology circuit, the first one-way switch 205 and the third one-way switch 207 conduct On, the bidirectional switch 208 is turned on, and the second one-way switch 206 is turned off, so that the two groups of solar cell components are in two parallel states, repeat the above steps 1-9, and measure the IV characteristic curve of the two groups of solar cell components connected in parallel, And record storage data.

The control circuit scans the IV curve of the battery component every 5 seconds, stores the measured curve data and environmental parameters in the SD card, and communicates with the host computer through the Ethernet interface through the wireless router, and stores the data in the in the database of the upper computer.

Based on the above, the present invention fixes the measured solar battery module on the bracket of the outdoor test platform, contains a control circuit board with a microprocessor as the core, and has electronic loads with two operating modes of constant voltage and constant current. The load measures the IV characteristic curve of the solar cell module; the intelligent topology circuit is controlled by the control circuit board to realize the switching between the individual measurement and the series and parallel measurement of the two battery modules; at the same time, according to the proposed outdoor test process of the solar cell module, the The collected data is stored in the large-capacity storage module of the platform, and at the same time, the data is sent to the remote control computer through network communication. The invention can truly reflect the working conditions of the solar cell components in the outdoor environment, and effectively realize the performance evaluation of the solar cell components.

The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. An outdoor test platform for intelligent solar cell components, characterized in that: it includes a solar cell component support that can intelligently adjust angles and positions, an electronic load with two operating modes of constant voltage and constant current, and is installed on the solar cell component support The smart topology circuit and the control circuit board connected to the solar cell components on the load; the solar cell components are connected to the electronic load through the smart topology circuit, the electronic load is directly connected to the control circuit, and the smart topology circuit is connected to the control circuit through the control circuit Control toggle. 2. An outdoor test platform for intelligent solar cell modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, the solar cell module support includes a support (101) placed on the outdoor ground, and is set on the support (101) The support shaft (103), the power device driving the support shaft (103), the top support (104) installed on the support shaft (103), and the components installed on the top support (104) and can adjust the angle and position A fixed plate (106); a fixed shaft (105) is also provided on the top support (104), the component fixed plate (104) is connected with the fixed shaft (105) through a push rod, and the component fixed plate The edge of (106) is also provided with an irradiance sensor (107). 3. An outdoor test platform for intelligent solar cell modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, the solar cell module bracket further includes a telescopic fixing device for fixing the rotating shaft (105) and the module fixing plate (106). A rod (102), one end of the telescopic fixing rod (102) is connected to the component fixing plate (106), and the other end is connected to the bottom of the supporting rotating shaft (103). 4. An outdoor testing platform for intelligent solar cell modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, the position of the supporting rotating shaft (102) is installed on the support (101) and is fixed on the top support (104). The position of the rotating shaft (105) is also provided with an encoder disc for accurately measuring the angle of rotation. The encoder disc precisely controls the angle of rotation and transmits the signal to the CPU module for storage, so as to realize the omnidirectional and multi-angle testing of the test platform. working status. 5. An outdoor testing platform for intelligent solar cell components according to claim 1, characterized in that, the intelligent topology circuit includes electronic loads (203, 204) and solar cell components (201, 202) connected in parallel, A first one-way switch (205) and a second one-way switch (206) are respectively connected between the solar cell assembly (201), the electronic load (204) and the solar cell assembly (202), and the solar cell assembly ( A third unidirectional switch (207) is connected between 202) and the electronic load (203), and a bidirectional switch (208) is connected between the electronic load (203) and the electronic load (204). 6. An outdoor test platform for intelligent solar cell modules according to claim 5, characterized in that, the electronic loads (203, 204) all use a control feedback circuit, and the control feedback circuit includes an operational amplifier (U8A , U8B), MOSFET tubes (Q9, Q10), diodes (D4, D5), voltage divider resistors (R18, R19, R20, R23, R24) and transistors (Q11, Q121); When working in constant voltage mode, the output terminal of the operational amplifier (U8A) is connected to the base of the triode (Q11) via the resistor (R20) and the diode (D4), and the emitter of the triode (Q11) is connected to multiple The gate of the MOSFET tube (Q9), the drain of the MOSFET tube (Q9) is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (U8A) through the voltage dividing resistors (R18, R19), and the D/A module of the control circuit is connected to The inverting input of the operational amplifier (U8A); Working in constant current mode, the output terminal of the operational amplifier (U8B) is connected to the base of the transistor (Q121) through a resistor (R24) and a diode (D5), and the emitter of the transistor (Q121) is connected to multiple parallel MOSFETs The gate of the MOSFET (Q10), the drain of the MOSFET (Q10) are connected to the positive input terminals of the solar cell components (201, 202), and the source of the MOSFET (Q10) is connected to the operational amplifier ( U8B), the DA module of the control circuit is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (U8B); the output terminal of the operational amplifier (U8A, U8B) is connected to the MOSFET through resistors (R20, R24) The drains of the tubes (Q9, Q10) and the gates of the MOSFET tubes (Q9, Q10) are connected to the control circuit for controlling the switching between the two modes of constant voltage and constant current; the positive input terminals of the solar cell modules (201, 202) The drains of the parallel MOSFET tubes (Q10) are connected through the intelligent topology circuit, and the negative input terminals of the solar cell components (201, 202) are connected to the ground terminal of the standard reference resistor. 7. An outdoor testing platform for intelligent solar cell modules according to any one of claim 5, wherein the control circuit board includes a CPU module, a DA module, an AD sampling and conditioning circuit, an encoding disc module, and an LCD display module , a large-capacity storage module and a clock module; the CPU module is connected to the electronic load via the DA module, and the output terminal of the electronic load is connected to the AD sampling and conditioning circuit, and the irradiance sensor and each temperature sensor for measuring environmental factors are used to determine the solar cell The encoder disc module at the position of the component is connected to the CPU module through a signal sampling and conditioning circuit; the described mass storage module, LCD module, clock module and network module are directly connected to the CPU module; wherein, the network module is connected to the remote The control computer is connected to the router and connected to the remote control computer. 8. A test method based on the solar cell module outdoor test platform described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: its test method steps are as follows: (1) Control the intelligent topology circuit through the control circuit board, so that the one-way switches (205, 207) are turned on, and the one-way switches (206, 208) are turned off, so that two sets of solar cell components are connected to the load respectively, and multiple sets of solar cell modules are respectively measured. The solar cell module works alone; then measure the solar irradiance, temperature of the solar cell module, and ambient temperature of the environment where the current single solar cell module is located, and record the data; (2) Measure the short-circuit current Isc and open-circuit voltage Voc of the solar cell module in the current environment, and calculate the operating voltage Vapp at the approximate maximum power point; (3) Make the electronic load work in constant voltage mode, and measure the current value Iapp when the solar cell module works at the working voltage Vapp; (4) From the current value Iapp, the number of points Ncc' that the electronic load may need to measure in the constant current mode can be calculated: ${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncc</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Iapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.7</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mA</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ If Ncc' is less than 128, the number of measurement points Ncc in constant current mode is the rounded value of Ncc'; if Ncc' is greater than or equal to 128, go to Ncc=128; calculate the current step size of the load controlled in constant current mode by Ncc ΔI: $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;I</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Iapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncc</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ (5) In the constant voltage mode, by controlling the operating voltage of the electronic load to change from 0 to Vapp, the step size is ΔV; then switch the electronic load to the constant current operating mode, and control its operating current, changing from Iapp to 0, the step size is ΔI; the control circuit board records the IV curve data of the solar cell module through the AD sampling module; (6) After the IV curve measurement is completed, measure the solar irradiance, ambient air temperature, and component temperature in the current environment again, and record the data; (7) From the obtained IV characteristic curve, calculate the characteristic parameters of the solar cell module short-circuit current Isc, open-circuit voltage Voc, maximum power point power Pm, current value Im at the maximum power point, voltage value Vm at the maximum power point, and fill factor FF ; (8) After all the data is processed and stored, repeat step (1) to measure the IV curve of the solar cell module at the next moment; (9) When it is necessary to adjust the direction of the platform, turn the supporting shaft (103) and the fixed shaft (105), precisely control the rotation angle and position of the components through the encoder disc, and at the same time transmit the signal to the CPU for storage, and then perform the above 1- 8 steps; (10) Control the intelligent topology circuit through the control circuit board, the second one-way switch (206) is closed, the two-way switch (208) is turned on, the first one-way switch (205) and the first one-way switch (207) are turned off, Make two sets of solar cell components in two series connection states, repeat the above steps (1)-(9), measure the IV characteristic curve of multiple sets of solar cell components connected in series, and record and store the data. 9. The test method of the solar cell module outdoor test platform according to claim 8, characterized in that, in (2), the calculation formula of the working voltage Vapp is as follows: Vapp = kVoc; Where k is 0.8; according to the Vapp value, calculate the working point Ncv’ that may need to be measured in the constant voltage mode, the formula is as follows: ${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncv</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mV</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ If Ncv' is less than 128, the number of measuring points Ncv in constant voltage mode is the value rounded to Ncv'; if Ncv' is greater than or equal to 128, then take Ncv=128; from Ncv, the electronic load controlled by the constant voltage mode can be calculated Voltage change step size ΔV: $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;V</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Vapp</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Ncv</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$ 10. The test method of the described solar cell module outdoor test platform according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit scans the IV curve of the solar cell module every 5 seconds, and the measured curve The data and environmental parameters are stored in the large-capacity storage module, and communicate with the remote control computer through the Ethernet interface and the wireless router, and store the data in the database of the remote control computer.

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