CN102944622B - Method for extracting and detecting frisee polyphenols (levan) - Google Patents
Method for extracting and detecting frisee polyphenols (levan) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of analysis and detection, and relates to a method for extracting and detecting frisee polyphenols (levan). An inventor adopts a GracePure<TM> SPE C18-Max column produced by GRACE Company to filter a sample in the extraction of frisee plant samples. The column can remove the polar matters from a water solution, nearly cannot absorb sugar, and can effectively reduce the detection background. A common HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) instrument is adopted, but a PREVAIL Carbohydrate ES special sugar column produced by the GRACE Company is adopted and has good sugar separation function. The sugar column is an amino sugar column bonded by polystyrene and divinylbenzene, so the problem of disturbing other amino columns is avoided, the chemical degradation is avoided, and the stability is realized at room temperature and under the gradient elution condition; an ELSD (evaporative light-scattering detector) is used for the sugar detection, and one complete set of extraction and detection flow of the polyphenols (levan) of the frisee plant samples is firstly established.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to analyzing and testing field, relate to a kind of extraction and detection method of jerusalem artichoke levulan.
Background technology
Plant levulan is mainly the general name of the water miscible carbohydrates of a class that is formed by connecting by glycosidic bond by a plurality of fructosyls.Although all can find levulan in 15% angiosperm, in plant, the total amount of levulan is generally lower, only at the stem tuber of jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus, also referred to as Jerusalem artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke); The root of witloof (Cichoriumintybus), burdock (Arctium lappal) and halymenia dentata (Dactylis glomeratus); The bulb of lily (Liliumbrownii) and onion (Allium cepa); Content relatively high (VanLaere and Van Den Ende, 2002 in the tissue of a few plants such as rye grass (Lolium perenne), barley (Hordeumvulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) cauline leaf; Ritsema and Smeekens, 2003a).
The inulin extracting from jerusalem artichoke stem tuber (Inulin) is a kind of of levulan, substantially by fructosyl, by β (2-1) key, is connected, and end exists a glucosyl group.The degree of polymerization of the inulin in jerusalem artichoke is between 3～50, and its degree of polymerization is exactly the number (Van Der Meer et al., 1998) of fructosyl.The inulin of jerusalem artichoke is exactly that the levulan of different polymerization degree mixes.Inulin maximum can account for 90% (Van den Ende et al., 2004) of 20% or dry weight of jerusalem artichoke stem tuber fresh weight.
Levulan is the soluble-carbohydrate that a class is a significant benefit to human health.Because human body is not containing the enzyme that decomposes levulan, therefore the mankind itself can not digest and assimilate levulan, but enter after colon by levulan, become the nutriment of gut flora, optionally promote the growth of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria in enteron aisle and digest and assimilate.The growth of these probiotic bacterias simultaneously can reduce again the generation with human tumor generation related substance.In addition, the levulan of short chain is as a kind of sweet ingredient low in calories, can be used as carbohydrate or lipid substitute is used in Yoghourt and ice cream etc., also can be used in diabetic's Special food (Li Xingjun, 2010).
Because the levulan content in jerusalem artichoke especially stem tuber is higher, economic worth is high, but complicated component, and the levulan of different polymerization degree mixes, and the function of the levulan of heterogeneity is different, therefore separated and detect these levulan compositions and just seem particularly important.
Because the method for traditional spectrophotometer or thin-layer chromatography can only detect plant water-soluble total reducing sugar or the several carbohydrates of only a few, that in detecting the multiple sugar of plant, uses is few.The method that detects at present various saccharides in plant is by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) substantially.In HPLC concrete grammar, can be divided into two classes again: a class is common HPLC method, by adopting differential detecting device (RID) or evaporative light detecting device (ELSD) to detect, for example adopt RID detecting device to detect fructose and the trisaccharide tetrose (Jiang Shiqiong in compound sugar, 1996), detect high polymerization degree levulan (degree of polymerization is higher than 6) (Sun Xuemei etc. in jerusalem artichoke, 2011) etc., adopt ELSD detecting device to detect monose or disaccharides (Sun Yuan, 2004 in tobacco; Cheng Yong, 2010); One class is relatively special chromatogram-chromatography of ions (HPAEC), the main pulsed amperometric detecting device (PAD) etc. that adopts, such as detecting little molecule monose such as glucose in tobacco, (Xu's Yi is right etc., 2010), (the Li Renyong etc. such as the disaccharides such as the monose in detection soybean and sucrose and melibiose or trisaccharide, 2009), PAD detecting device can detect the carbohydrate of pieck stage in theory.
Although it is lower than common HPLC in theory that chromatography of ions detects the detection lower limit of plant carbohydrate, because mobile phase in chromatography of ions instrument body system is strong acid and strong base, instrument price is generally more expensive, is 2 times ~ 3 times of traditional HPLC price substantially.In every day use flow phase water require highly, routine use carrying cost is also higher.In addition the multifunctionality of PAD detecting device is not strong, and the detection meeting of carbohydrate produces oxidation or reduction to some molecule on electrode surface.Because traditional HPLC usable range and object are than large many of chromatography of ions, organically nonpolar, polarity and ionic compound can, and chromatography of ions is mainly used in the analysis of inorganic ions at present, and the analysis of a small amount of organic ionic compounds.Therefore, how the HPLC being most widely used in using as analytical instrument, utilize common HPLC to set up an efficient method separated and that detect plant levulan and just seem and be even more important.
In traditional HPLC, although RID detecting device also can be for detection of glucide, RID detecting device is the variation based on METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION chromatographic column effluent refractive index, is only applicable to the mensuration that ultraviolet (UV) absorbs very weak carbohydrate; Simultaneously RID to temperature extremely sensitivity make baseline very unstable, incompatible with gradient elution, and detection sensitivity is very low.Therefore there is suitable restriction for detection of glucide in RID.
Although also having, research in the past utilize HPLC-ELSD method to measure the glucide in plant, but there is certain defect, be embodied in (one): part Study is used common silica gel base nh 2 column, this post durability strong (because moisture can cause self being hydrolyzed of amino fixedly phase), the life-span of pillar is not long.In sample extraction, simply heat with centrifugal, non-glucide has interference for detection simultaneously; (2): former research is more to analyzing and testing such as micromolecular monose disaccharides or sugar alcohols, less for oligosaccharide and the right sugared research of poly.Glucose in jerusalem artichoke tissue, fructose, sucrose, and few levulan content is higher, other sugar seldom or does not almost have; (3) less for detections such as higher plant such as the jerusalem artichokes of levulan content, more to plnat monitorings such as tobacco soybean.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the above-mentioned defect for prior art, a kind of extraction and detection method of jerusalem artichoke levulan is provided.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The extraction of jerusalem artichoke levulan and detection method, comprise following steps:
(1) jerusalem artichoke is organized the extraction and purification of total Soluble Sugar:
A jerusalem artichoke organize fresh sample in baking oven at 70 ~ 80 ℃ constant temperature dry 40 ~ 55h,
After b tissue sample grinds, mix by the mass volume ratio of 1:2 ~ 5 with deionized water, put in the water-bath of 100 ℃ 15 ~ 25 minutes into, extracting is 3 ~ 5 times repeatedly, collects all solution of three extractions with removal albumen,
C is by the solution filter of gained in b, and centrifugal 20 ~ 30 minutes of filtrate 8000 ~ 12000g, collects supernatant,
The filtrate that the upper step of d obtains is crossed solid phase extraction and is carried post GracePureTM SPE C18-Max,
E filtrate is crossed 0.45 μ m water membrane filtration, as the sample of next step HPLC;
(2) detection of jerusalem artichoke levulan: sample prepared by previous step detects by HPLC, and testing conditions is as follows:
Chromatographic column: Prevail
tMcarbohydrate ES Coloumn-W250*46mm 5um;
Detecting device: evaporative light detecting device ELSD, Alltech 3300;
Sample size is 10ul;
Flow velocity is 1ml/min, and be 55min the working time of each sample,
Mobile phase: B phase: water, C phase: acetonitrile;
Type of elution: gradient elution, elution program is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
| ? | Time (min) | %B | % |
| 1 | 0 | 25 | 75 |
| 2 | 15 | 35 | 65 |
| 3 | 30 | 50 | 50 |
| 4 | 40 | 50 | 50 |
| 5 | 42 | 25 | 75 |
| 6 | 55 | 25 | 75 |
" % " in table represents volumn concentration.
Described jerusalem artichoke organizes the extraction and purification of total Soluble Sugar preferably to comprise:
A jerusalem artichoke organize fresh sample in baking oven at 80 ℃ constant temperature dry 48h,
After b tissue sample grinds, mix by the mass volume ratio of 1:3 with deionized water, put in the water-bath of 100 ℃ 20 minutes into, extracting is 3 times repeatedly, collects all solution of extracting for three times with removal albumen,
C is by the solution filter of gained in b, and centrifugal 20 minutes of filtrate 10000g, collects supernatant,
The filtrate that the upper step of d obtains is crossed solid phase extraction and is carried post GracePure
tMsPE C18-Max,
E filtrate is crossed 0.45 μ m water membrane filtration, as the sample of next step HPLC.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention has set up extraction and the testing process of a whole set of jerusalem artichoke plant sample levulan first.In jerusalem artichoke plant sample extracts, adopt the GracePure of GRACE company
tMthe reverse solid-phase extraction column of SPE C18-Max carries out sample filtering, and this post is suitable for complex sample and detects.Because sugar is nonpolar or middle polarity in aqueous solution, this post can effectively be removed the polar material in aqueous solution, to sugar, almost without absorption, can effectively reduce the background of detection, and can concentrating sample.The method of utilizing the present invention to set up, by using conventional H PLC instrument, has avoided the HPAEC instrument of costliness and the less use of Routine Test Lab.By the GracePure using in sample extraction process
tMsPE C18-Max post, effectively removes the interference of nonsugar to sugar; Utilize PREVAIL Carbohydrate ES candy post, this sugar post is the amino sugar post of polystyrene one divinylbenzene bonding, there is not the problem of other nh 2 columns of puzzlement, there is no chemical degradation phenomenon, and also very stable in the situation that of room temperature and gradient elution, can be for a long time and separated various saccharide compounds efficiently.By this detection method of setting up, in conventional analysis laboratory, utilize common HPLC instrument, can reach the effect with the multiple sugar of HPAEC separation and detection, and the cost of operation and maintenance is all lower.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: fructose typical curve (fructose concentration 0.01 ~ 6mg/ml, 5 times of gradient dilutions)
Horizontal ordinate is for take 10 logarithms of sugar concentration separately that are the end, and ordinate is for take the logarithm of 10 peak areas that are the end.
Fig. 2: the typical curve of glucose (concentration range of glucose is 6.7 ~ 4 * 103 μ g/ml, 5 times of gradient dilutions)
Horizontal ordinate is for take 10 logarithms of sugar concentration separately that are the end, and ordinate is for take the logarithm of 10 peak areas that are the end.
Fig. 3: the typical curve of sucrose (concentration range is 0.01 ~ 6mg/ml, 5 times of gradient dilutions)
Horizontal ordinate is for take 10 logarithms of sugar concentration separately that are the end, and ordinate is for take the logarithm of 10 peak areas that are the end.
Fig. 4: the typical curve of ketose (concentration range is 8.3 ~ 5 * 103 μ g/ml, 5 times of gradient dilutions)
Horizontal ordinate is for take 10 logarithms of sugar concentration separately that are the end, and ordinate is for take the logarithm of 10 peak areas that are the end.
Fig. 5: the typical curve of Nystose (concentration range is 8.3 ~ 5 * 103 μ g/ml, 5 times of gradient dilutions)
Horizontal ordinate is for take 10 logarithms of sugar concentration separately that are the end, and ordinate is for take the logarithm of 10 peak areas that are the end.
Fig. 6: the typical curve of GF4 (concentration range is 8.3 ~ 5 * 103 μ g/ml, 5 times of gradient dilutions)
Horizontal ordinate is for take 10 logarithms of sugar concentration separately that are the end, and ordinate is for take the logarithm of 10 peak areas that are the end.
Fig. 7: the HPLC figure of 6 kinds of sugars
Fructose concentration, 0.1mg/ml; Concentration of glucose, 0.067mg/ml; Sucrose concentration, 0.1mg/ml; Ketose concentration, 0.083mg/ml; Nystose concentration, 0.083mg/ml; GF4 concentration, 0.083mg/ml.
Fig. 8: the HPLC of leaf of canada potato analyzes
Fig. 9: the HPLC of jerusalem artichoke stem stalk analyzes
Figure 10: the HPLC of jerusalem artichoke stem tuber analyzes
Embodiment
Sample:
Species of jeruselem artichoke: conventional jerusalem artichoke
Sugar: fructose (SIGMA), sucrose (SIGMA), glucose (SIGMA), ketose (Wako), Nystose (Wako), GF4 (Wako) titer
Test method:
1. jerusalem artichoke is organized the extraction and purification of total Soluble Sugar:
The fresh samples such as a jerusalem artichoke stem, leaf or stem tuber in baking oven at 80 ℃ constant temperature dry 48h;
After b tissue sample grinds, with deionized water in 1:3(g/ml) ratio mixes, and puts in the water-bath of 100 ℃ 20 minutes into, extracting is 3 times repeatedly, collects all solution of three extractions with removal albumen;
C is by the solution filter of second step gained, and centrifugal 20 minutes of filtrate 10000g, collects supernatant;
The filtrate that the upper step of d obtains is crossed solid phase extraction and is carried post GracePure
tMsPE C18-Max(GRACE company);
E filtrate is crossed 0.45 μ m water membrane filtration, is injected into HPLC.
2.HPLC sugar determination
Equipment needed thereby: high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent1200), sugared post (Prevail
tMcarbohydrate ESColoumn-W250*46mm 5um), evaporative light detecting device (ELSD, Alltech 3300)
Required reagent: HPLC level acetonitrile (analyzing pure), hplc grade water HPLC assay method:
Sample feeding amount is 10ul.
Gradient elution method: flow velocity is 1ml/min, be 55min the working time of each sample,
Mobile phase: B phase: water, C phase: acetonitrile.In gradient elution, the volume ratio of water and acetonitrile specifically sees the following form.
Table 1 levulan HPLC elution program
| ? | Time (min) | % | %C | |
| 1 | 0 | 25 | 75 | |
| 2 | 15 | 35 | 65 | |
| 3 | 30 | 50 | 50 | |
| 4 | 40 | 50 | 50 | |
| 5 | 42 | 25 | 75 | |
| 6 | 55 | 25 | 75 |
" % " in table represents volumn concentration.
3. the foundation of levulan detection method
The foundation of 3.1 typical curves
By serial dilution, the sugar of single component is not measured, set up the typical curve of various sugars, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ 6.From above-mentioned 6 kinds of sugared typical curves, can find out, the HPLC-ELSD method of utilizing inventor to set up, in jerusalem artichoke tissue, several main sugars all can be measured, the lower limit detecting is microgram rank substantially, homo-ion chromatographic process is compared, detect lower limit substantially quite (Wang Jianhua etc., 2007), can meet the demand of overwhelming majority experiment.The degree of polymerization is higher than the levulan of GF4 owing to there is no standard items, and experimenter has no way of differentiating.
The separating effect of more than 3.2 kind of sugar
For detecting multiple sugar, inventor mixes above-mentioned 6 kinds of sugar, and upper prop is separated, and result as shown in Figure 7.From Fig. 7, can find, the method for setting up by inventor, above-mentioned 6 kinds of sugars all can well be separated, and illustrate that the experimental technique that inventor sets up can be for the detection of jerusalem artichoke complex sample.
3.3 jerusalem artichoke tissue samples
Separation and the analytical approach according to inventor, set up, inventor has carried out analyzing mensuration to jerusalem artichoke different tissues (planting blade, stem stalk, the stem tuber of latter 5 months).
From the testing result of Fig. 8, find, in the leaf of canada potato of having grown 5 months, in 1g jerusalem artichoke leaves dry sample, each sugar content is respectively: fructose, 7.83mg; Glucose, 10.08mg; Sucrose, 19.44mg; Ketose: 0.9mg; The levulan that Nystose or the degree of polymerization are high etc. is almost and detects.This also illustrates in leaf of canada potato, substantially take the small molecular sugars such as monose and disaccharides as main.
From the result of the detection of Fig. 9, in the jerusalem artichoke stem stalk of having grown 5 months, in 1g jerusalem artichoke stem sample, each sugared content is respectively: fructose, 77.04mg; Glucose, 18.18mg; Sucrose, 38.25mg; Ketose, 24.21mg; Nystose, 26.55mg; GF4,36.09mg.In the stem stalk of the same period, progressively there have been the carbohydrate of high polymerization degree and stem stalk to store organ as a temporary transient carbohydrate.
From the testing result of Figure 10, find, at stem tuber in the puberty, each sugared content in 1g jerusalem artichoke stem tuber dry sample: fructose, 33.03mg; Glucose, 7.56mg; Sucrose, 30.78mg; Ketose, 20.97mg; Nystose, 32.85mg; GF4,39.06mg, the sugar of all the other high polymerization degrees occurs in a large number.Explanation is in stem tuber, and the levulan of different polymerization degree has accounted for leading position.
Claims (1)
1. the extraction of jerusalem artichoke levulan and detection method, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) jerusalem artichoke is organized the extraction and purification of total Soluble Sugar:
A jerusalem artichoke organize fresh sample in baking oven at 80 ℃ constant temperature dry 48h,
After b tissue sample grinds, mix by the mass volume ratio of 1:3 with deionized water, put in the water-bath of 100 ℃ 20 minutes into, extracting is 3 times repeatedly, collects all solution of extracting for three times with removal albumen,
C is by the solution filter of gained in b, and centrifugal 20 minutes of filtrate 10000g, collects supernatant,
The filtrate that the upper step of d obtains is crossed solid phase extraction and is carried post GracePure
tMsPE C
18-Max,
E filtrate is crossed 0.45 μ m water membrane filtration, as the sample of next step HPLC;
(2) detection of jerusalem artichoke levulan: sample prepared by previous step detects by HPLC, and testing conditions is as follows:
Chromatographic column: Prevail
tMcarbohydrate ES Coloumn-W250 * 46mm5 μ m;
Detecting device: evaporative light detecting device ELSD, Alltech3300;
Sample size: 10 μ l;
Flow velocity: 1ml/min, be 55min the working time of each sample,
Mobile phase: B phase: water, C phase: acetonitrile;
Type of elution: gradient elution, elution program is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
。
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| CN103267821A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-28 | 四川农业大学 | HPLC-ELSD (high performance liquid chromatography-evaporation light-scattering detection) measuring method of grape berry sugar |
| CN103823006B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-04-29 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所 | High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrum detecting method for fructo-oligosaccharides in milk powder |
| CN104133032B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-01-20 | 青海威德特种糖业有限公司 | A kind of efficient liquid phase detection method of inulin |
| CN110542737B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-03-22 | 贵州缔谊健康制药有限公司 | Detection method for dissolution determination of flunarizine hydrochloride capsule |
| CN112552419A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-03-26 | 河南科技大学 | Extraction and determination method of fructan in wheat grains |
| CN115372536B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-09-15 | 大连工业大学 | Method for qualitatively detecting xanthan gum degradation products by ion chromatography and application thereof |
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