CN102944328A - Preparation method and measurement device for temperature sensor insensitive to refractive index - Google Patents

Preparation method and measurement device for temperature sensor insensitive to refractive index Download PDF

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CN102944328A
CN102944328A CN2012105488188A CN201210548818A CN102944328A CN 102944328 A CN102944328 A CN 102944328A CN 2012105488188 A CN2012105488188 A CN 2012105488188A CN 201210548818 A CN201210548818 A CN 201210548818A CN 102944328 A CN102944328 A CN 102944328A
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optical fiber
temperature sensor
refractive index
glass optical
soft glass
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CN102944328B (en
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徐飞
邱孙杰
陆延青
胡伟
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Nanjing University
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Nanjing University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and a measurement device for a temperature sensor insensitive to a refractive index. The preparation method comprises the steps of flattening the end faces of a single-mode optical fiber and a high-refractive-index soft glass optical fiber by using an optical fiber cutter, then smelting and connecting the end faces of the ingle-mode optical fiber and the high-refractive-index soft glass optical fiber by adopting a smelting method, and forming one or two air holes at smelted positions, or not forming the air holes. The high-refractive-index soft glass optical fiber can be used for making the temperature sensor which is insensitive to the reflection type refractive index and the temperature sensor which is insensitive to the transmission type refractive index; the thermal expansion coefficient of the optical fiber is one magnitude order more than that of the common optical fiber, so that the wavelength drift temperature sensitivity is extremely high; and moreover, the refractive index of the optical fiber is large (more than 1.8), so that the sensitivity to liquid with low refractive index is low; and therefore, the temperature in a solution can be precisely measured.

Description

The preparation method of the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index and measurement mechanism
Technical field
The present invention relates to the photoelectron technology field, be specifically related to the research and preparation of Fibre Optical Sensor.More specifically, thus be by high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber and single-mode fiber welding being prepared the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index of reflection-type and mode transmission.
Background technology
Fibre Optical Sensor is the new technology that 20 century 70s come out, and it is as information carrier, with a kind of sensing technology of optical fiber as information transmission medium with light.Because Fibre Optical Sensor has volume for traditional sensors little lightweight, be not subjected to the advantages such as electromagnetic interference (EMI), high sensitivity, thereby since 20 century 70 low loss fibers come out, it progressively becomes one of R﹠D direction of new generation sensor, shows extraordinary application prospect.In recent years, along with the progress of science and technology and going deep into of research, Fibre Optical Sensor miscellaneous (such as temperature, pressure, stress, refractive index, electric current, voltage, gas sensor etc.) constantly be developed out, especially since the concept of Internet of Things proposed, Fibre Optical Sensor became the research field of a hot topic especially.
The optical fiber interference type temperature sensor has very large application prospect in fields such as electric system, Aero-Space, petrochemical complex, buildings.Yet, common optical fiber interference type temperature sensor is limited by the less thermal expansivity of silicon dioxide itself, temperature sensitivity is low, and the refractive index of silicon dioxide low (~ 1.45), very sensitive to testing low-refractivity liquid (<1.45), thereby can cause to the temperature survey in the solution serious interference.In addition, also just because of the general silica optical fibre refractivity is low, utilize the fiber optic interferometric sensor of its preparation often can't detect the liquid (such as the high index of refraction liquid crystal etc.) of high index of refraction, this has limited the application of this type optical fiber interferometric sensor to a great extent.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: utilize high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber to prepare the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index, comprise the insensitive temperature sensor of reflection-type refractive index and the insensitive temperature sensor of mode transmission refractive index.Because this class soft glass optical fibre refractivity is high, thermal expansivity is high, and is therefore insensitive but very sensitive to temperature variation to testing low-refractivity liquid (<1.45), thereby can accurately measure the temperature in the solution.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The preparation method of the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index comprises the steps: at first to cut the end face of single-mode fiber and high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber flat with optical fiber cutter; Then adopt welding process that an end face of single-mode fiber and high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber is welding together, and so that weld produces one or two airport, be the insensitive temperature sensor of reflection-type refractive index, perhaps adopt welding process that two section single-mould fibers are welding together with two end faces of high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber respectively, and so that weld does not produce airport, be the insensitive temperature sensor of mode transmission refractive index.
Described high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber adopts the refractive index of its refractive index ratio silicon dioxide high, its thermal expansivity is higher than the thermal expansivity of silicon dioxide, the non-silica optical fiber that its softening point is lower than the softening point of silicon dioxide is lead silicate glass optical fiber, tellurate glass optical fiber or germanate glass optical fiber etc.The length of described high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber is generally between 1 millimeter to 20 millimeters.High index of refraction soft glass optical fiber is the optical fiber that is comprised of solid core and air cladding layer, also can use hollow soft glass optical fiber, can also use the soft glass optical fiber of total solids to the insensitive temperature sensor of mode transmission refractive index.
The used soft glass optical fiber of the present invention since its softening point (<600 ℃) than 1600 ℃ of single-mode fibers (〉) much lower, therefore when with arc welding, need adopt asymmetric welding process, also can adopt other welding process (such as the iridium heater strip, graphite heating silk etc.) to carry out welding.
High index of refraction soft glass optical fiber of the present invention both can have been made the insensitive temperature sensor of reflection-type refractive index, also can make the insensitive temperature sensor of mode transmission refractive index, and its measuring method also comprises two kinds:
The first is for the measurement mechanism of the insensitive temperature sensor of reflection-type refractive index, comprise Supercontinuum source, optical fiber circulator, spectrometer, general single mode fiber and the insensitive temperature sensor of described reflection-type refractive index, wherein the airport of weld forms the Fabry Perot cavity; The incident light that Supercontinuum source sends is input to the 1st port of optical fiber circulator by general single mode fiber, the 3rd port of circulator connects the single-mode fiber of described temperature sensor by general single mode fiber, and the 2nd port of circulator is connected with spectrometer by general single mode fiber;
The second comprises Supercontinuum source, spectrometer, general single mode fiber and the insensitive temperature sensor of described mode transmission refractive index for the measurement mechanism of the insensitive temperature sensor of mode transmission refractive index; Supercontinuum source connects the single-mode fiber of described temperature sensor one end by general single mode fiber, and the other end single-mode fiber of described temperature sensor is connected with spectrometer by general single mode fiber again.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) since high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber thermal expansivity than the large order of magnitude of ordinary optic fibre, therefore its wave length shift temperature control is very high, and because this optical fibre refractivity large (~ 1.8) is very low to the susceptibility of testing low-refractivity liquid, thereby can accurately measure the temperature in the solution.During temperature in the experiment in detecting solution, its measuring error rate is less than 1%.
(2) compare the sensor of other sensing principle, the present invention need not complicated technique, light path is simple, cost of manufacture is low, required high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber very short (mode transmission sensor: general several millimeters to tens millimeters of soft glass optical fiber, reflection sensor: the comparable mode transmission of soft glass fiber lengths shorter).
(3) because the used soft glass optical fibre refractivity of the present invention is high, it is also having very large application prospect aspect the liquid that detects high index of refraction (such as the high index of refraction liquid crystal etc.).Can in soft glass optical fiber hole, pour in addition liquid crystal or soft glass optical fiber be inserted the electric-field sensor of making liquid crystal regulation and control in the liquid crystal cell of filling liquid crystal.
Description of drawings
The index path of the insensitive temperature sensor of Fig. 1 reflection-type refractive index;
The index path of the insensitive temperature sensor of Fig. 2 mode transmission refractive index;
The sectional view of Fig. 3 lead silicate soft glass optical fiber scanning electron microscope;
Fig. 4 soft glass optical fiber and single-mode fiber welding area microscope figure (two airports are arranged, make reflection sensor);
Fig. 5 soft glass optical fiber and single-mode fiber welding area microscope figure (do not have airport, make the mode transmission sensor);
The temperature variant fitted figure of the insensitive temperature sensor resonant wavelength of Fig. 6 reflection-type refractive index, illustration are the reflected light spectrogram of this sensor under different temperatures;
The temperature variant fitted figure of the insensitive temperature sensor resonant wavelength of Fig. 7 mode transmission refractive index, illustration are the transmitted light spectrogram of this sensor under different temperatures;
The insensitive temperature sensor resonant wavelength of Fig. 8 mode transmission refractive index is with the fitted figure of variations in refractive index, and illustration is the transmitted light spectrogram in different refractivity liquid under this sensor room temperature.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done further to specify, represented so that characteristics of the present invention know.
Fig. 1 is the index path of the insensitive temperature sensor of reflection-type refractive index, comprises a Supercontinuum source, an optical fiber circulator, a spectrometer, general single mode fiber and a bit of high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber.The light that sends from Supercontinuum source incides first optical fiber circulator the 1st port, and then light produces reflection from two airports 4 that circulator the 3rd port out incides high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber, and reflected light is out received by spectrometer from circulator the 2nd port.
At first with optical fiber cutter single-mode fiber and soft glass fiber end face are cut flatly in the experiment, then used heat sealing machine welding single-mode fiber and soft glass optical fiber.Because high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber softening point (<600 ℃) is than 1600 ℃ of single-mode fibers (〉) much lower, therefore when with arc welding, need adopt asymmetric welding process.Concrete grammar is to make high index of refraction soft glass fiber end face away from sparking electrode center hundreds of micron, the single-mode fiber end face surpasses sparking electrode center hundreds of micron, then by suitably reduce heat seal strength and the time chien shih weld produce one or two airport (as shown in Figure 4, weld produces two airports 4), form the Fabry Perot cavity.The light that sends from Supercontinuum source like this can reflect when inciding the airport of weld through circulator, mutually interferes between the reflected light to be received by spectrometer.Therefore spectrometer can present interference fringe (shown in the illustration of Fig. 6).In addition, one section of soft glass optical fiber places on the hot platform, and the probe of a thermometer placed (but not contacting) near soft glass optical fiber thus measure more accurately the real-time temperature of soft glass optical fiber, carry out temperature sensing by the temperature of regulating hot platform at last and measure.
Fig. 2 is the index path of the insensitive temperature sensor of mode transmission refractive index, comprises a Supercontinuum source, a spectrometer, general single mode fiber and a bit of high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber.The input and output leaded light utilizes general single mode fiber, adopts a bit of high index of refraction soft glass of arc method welding optical fiber in the middle of the single-mode fiber, makes soft glass optical fiber and single-mode fiber weld not produce airport by regulating splicing parameter.Long several millimeters to tens millimeters of high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber.Because soft glass optical fiber and single-mode fiber weld airport have been collapsed, so propagating into soft glass optical fiber place, light can inspire basic mode and high-order mode transmission, therefore exist various modes to interfere in soft glass optical fiber the inside.
Also be at first with optical fiber cutter single-mode fiber and soft glass fiber end face to be cut flatly in the experiment, then use heat sealing machine welding single-mode fiber and soft glass optical fiber.Welding process and the insensitive temperature sensor production method of reflection-type refractive index are similar, only by suitable increase heat seal strength and the time chien shih weld do not produce airport (as shown in Figure 5).The soft glass fiber lengths of welding can several millimeters to tens millimeters, the long 14mm of soft glass optical fiber that uses in the experiment.Because soft glass optical fiber and single-mode fiber weld airport have been collapsed, so propagating into soft glass optical fiber place, light can inspire basic mode and high-order mode transmission, therefore exist various modes to interfere in soft glass optical fiber the inside, can present interference fringe (shown in the illustration of Fig. 7) on the final spectrometer.In addition, the single-mode fiber two ends fix to avoid fibre-optical bending to cause loss with anchor clamps.One section of soft glass optical fiber places on the hot platform, and the probe of a thermometer placed (but not contacting) near soft glass optical fiber thus measure more accurately the real-time temperature of soft glass optical fiber, carry out temperature sensing by the temperature of regulating hot platform at last and measure.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of lead silicate soft glass optical fiber scanning electron microscope, and this soft glass optical fiber is by the Southampton University of Southampton manufacturing.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are soft glass optical fiber and single-mode fiber welding area microscope figure, and wherein there are two airports 4 Fig. 4 welding area, can make reflection sensor, and Fig. 5 welding area does not have airport, can make the mode transmission sensor.
Fig. 6 is the temperature variant fitted figure of the insensitive temperature sensor resonant wavelength of reflection-type refractive index, and illustration is the reflected light spectrogram of this sensor under different temperatures.Can find out from illustration with temperature to raise that reflectance spectrum moves right, this is that airport can expand, the cause that the soft glass optical fibre refractivity can increase because when temperature raises.Temperature control shown in Figure 6 reaches 24pm/ ℃, and normal optical photonic crystal fiber (pure silicon dioxide material) sensor temperature sensitivity is generally less than 8pm/ ℃, and this mainly is because soft glass optical fiber thermal expansivity is high.In addition because this sensing principle is based on the Fabry Perot chamber interference that soft glass inside of optical fibre airport forms, so obvious this reflection sensor is insensitive to outside liquid refractivity.
Fig. 7 is the temperature variant fitted figure of the insensitive temperature sensor resonant wavelength of mode transmission refractive index, and illustration is the transmitted light spectrogram of this sensor under different temperatures.Can find out from illustration with temperature to raise that transmitted spectrum moves right, this is that soft glass optical fiber can expand, the cause that the effective refractive index of basic mode and high-order mode also can change because when temperature raises.Temperature control shown in Figure 7 reaches 17 pm/ ℃, to be thermo-optical coeffecient have part to the effect of basic mode and high-order mode to the reason lower than reflection sensor sensitivity cancels out each other, but this sensitivity is still large more than 2 times than normal optical photonic crystal fiber (pure silicon dioxide material) sensor temperature sensitivity.In addition, measure temperature range among this figure is not because Free Spectral Range is too little very much.If increase Free Spectral Range by reducing the soft glass fiber lengths, then can measure larger temperature range.
Fig. 8 be the insensitive temperature sensor resonant wavelength of mode transmission refractive index with the fitted figure of variations in refractive index, illustration is the transmitted light spectrogram in different refractivity liquid under this sensor room temperature.From illustration, can find out when the outside liquid refraction index changing, transmitted spectrum changes very little, this is because this soft glass optical fibre refractivity very large (~ 1.8), mode field diameter is little, therefore testing low-refractivity liquid is insensitive to external world for this sensor, refractive index sensitivity shown in Figure 8 only is-1nm/RIU, than low two orders of magnitude of normal optical photonic crystal fiber (pure silicon dioxide material) sensor refraction rate sensitivity.
We can analyze the error rate that this sensor detects solution temperature by Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.Change 1 ℃ such as aqueous temperature, because the thermo-optical coeffecient of water about-10 -4, so the refractive index of aqueous solution will change 10 -4Because this sensor refraction rate sensitivity only is-1nm/RIU, so this variations in refractive index will cause spectral resonance wavelength transferase 10 .1pm.Again because this sensor temperature sensitivity reaches 17 pm/ ℃, so the thermometric error that the transfer of the resonant wavelength of 0.1pm causes is less than 0.01 ℃, so the thermometric error rate in the aqueous solution is less than 1%, this is that the interferometric temperature sensor of other general silica optical fiber fabrications can not be compared.

Claims (6)

1. the preparation method of the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) cut the end face of single-mode fiber and high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber flat with optical fiber cutter;
(2) adopt welding process that an end face of single-mode fiber and high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber is welding together, and so that weld produces one or two airport, be the insensitive temperature sensor of reflection-type refractive index; Perhaps adopt welding process that two section single-mould fibers are welding together with two end faces of high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber respectively, and so that weld does not produce airport, be the insensitive temperature sensor of mode transmission refractive index.
2. the preparation method of the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber adopts the refractive index of its refractive index ratio silicon dioxide high, its thermal expansivity is higher than the thermal expansivity of silicon dioxide, the non-silica optical fiber that its softening point is lower than the softening point of silicon dioxide; The length of described high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber is 1 millimeter to 20 millimeters.
3. the preparation method of the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber is lead silicate glass optical fiber, tellurate glass optical fiber or germanate glass optical fiber.
4. according to claim 2 or the preparation method of the insensitive temperature sensor of 3 described refractive indexes, it is characterized in that, described high index of refraction soft glass optical fiber is the optical fiber that is comprised of solid core and air cladding layer, perhaps is the soft glass optical fiber of hollow soft glass optical fiber or total solids.
5. the preparation method of the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the method for arc welding, the welding of iridium heater strip or the welding of graphite heating silk is adopted in described welding; When being arc welding, adopt asymmetric welding process.
6. the measurement mechanism of the insensitive temperature sensor of refractive index that is obtained by the described preparation method of claim 1 comprises following two kinds:
The measurement mechanism of the insensitive temperature sensor of the described reflection-type refractive index of the first comprises Supercontinuum source, optical fiber circulator, spectrometer, general single mode fiber and the insensitive temperature sensor of described reflection-type refractive index, and the airport of temperature sensor weld forms the Fabry Perot cavity; The incident light that Supercontinuum source sends is input to the 1st port of optical fiber circulator by general single mode fiber, the 3rd port of circulator connects the single-mode fiber of described temperature sensor by general single mode fiber, and the 2nd port of circulator is connected with spectrometer by general single mode fiber;
The measurement mechanism of the insensitive temperature sensor of the described mode transmission refractive index of the second comprises Supercontinuum source, spectrometer, general single mode fiber and the insensitive temperature sensor of described mode transmission refractive index; Supercontinuum source connects the single-mode fiber of described temperature sensor one end by general single mode fiber, and the single-mode fiber of the described temperature sensor other end is connected with spectrometer by general single mode fiber again.
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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103852191A (en) * 2013-12-30 2014-06-11 哈尔滨工程大学 Optical fiber temperature sensor insensitive to refractive index
CN103926175A (en) * 2014-04-14 2014-07-16 中国计量学院 Liquid surface tension coefficient measuring device based on optical fiber FP cavity
CN106442364A (en) * 2016-11-29 2017-02-22 中国计量大学 Concentration sensor based on F-P (fabry-perot) cavity formed by optical fiber end face coating
CN106546274A (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-03-29 暨南大学 Thin-core fibers bragg grating temperature and strain transducer and its detection method
CN106568466A (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-04-19 暨南大学 Fine core microstructure optical fiber interferometer sensor and temperature and strain detection method therefor
CN107478354A (en) * 2017-10-09 2017-12-15 中国计量大学 A kind of pyrostat based on the miniature temperature probe of high germnium doped fiber
CN109932078A (en) * 2019-03-27 2019-06-25 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) A kind of highly sensitive optical fiber sensing probe and preparation method thereof

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JP2003194635A (en) * 2001-12-25 2003-07-09 Fujikura Ltd Optical fiber type temperature sensor
CN102419221A (en) * 2011-09-07 2012-04-18 南京大学 Unpolarized interference high-sensitivity photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor and manufacturing method thereof
CN102519499A (en) * 2011-12-14 2012-06-27 华中科技大学 Micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi based quasi-distributed sensor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003194635A (en) * 2001-12-25 2003-07-09 Fujikura Ltd Optical fiber type temperature sensor
CN102419221A (en) * 2011-09-07 2012-04-18 南京大学 Unpolarized interference high-sensitivity photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor and manufacturing method thereof
CN102519499A (en) * 2011-12-14 2012-06-27 华中科技大学 Micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi based quasi-distributed sensor

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103852191A (en) * 2013-12-30 2014-06-11 哈尔滨工程大学 Optical fiber temperature sensor insensitive to refractive index
CN103852191B (en) * 2013-12-30 2016-08-17 哈尔滨工程大学 The fibre optic temperature sensor that a kind of refractive index is insensitive
CN103926175A (en) * 2014-04-14 2014-07-16 中国计量学院 Liquid surface tension coefficient measuring device based on optical fiber FP cavity
CN106546274A (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-03-29 暨南大学 Thin-core fibers bragg grating temperature and strain transducer and its detection method
CN106568466A (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-04-19 暨南大学 Fine core microstructure optical fiber interferometer sensor and temperature and strain detection method therefor
CN106442364A (en) * 2016-11-29 2017-02-22 中国计量大学 Concentration sensor based on F-P (fabry-perot) cavity formed by optical fiber end face coating
CN106442364B (en) * 2016-11-29 2023-04-18 中国计量大学 Concentration sensor based on F-P cavity formed by coating film on end face of optical fiber
CN107478354A (en) * 2017-10-09 2017-12-15 中国计量大学 A kind of pyrostat based on the miniature temperature probe of high germnium doped fiber
CN109932078A (en) * 2019-03-27 2019-06-25 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) A kind of highly sensitive optical fiber sensing probe and preparation method thereof

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