CN102944011B - Control system and control method for material bed of circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

Control system and control method for material bed of circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102944011B
CN102944011B CN201210355502.7A CN201210355502A CN102944011B CN 102944011 B CN102944011 B CN 102944011B CN 201210355502 A CN201210355502 A CN 201210355502A CN 102944011 B CN102944011 B CN 102944011B
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slag
control system
bed
plc control
boiler
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CN102944011A (en
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彭栋友
张英
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KINGTEC ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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KINGTEC ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a control system and a control method for a material bed of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, and belongs to the technical field of boiler and automatic control. The control system comprises a hearth pressure gauge, an air compartment pressure gauge, a material bed thermometer, a slag cooler slagging thermometer, a slag cooler water outlet thermometer, a slag cooler water inlet thermometer, a slag cooler drive motor, and a PLC control system. The hearth pressure gauge and the air compartment pressure gauge are connected to a material bed differential pressure transmitter, which transmits electrical signals to the PLC control system; the slag cooler slagging thermometer, the slag cooler water outlet thermometer and the slag cooler water inlet thermometer send electrical signals to the PLC control system; and the PLC control system sends electrical signals to a slag conveying device and the slag cooler drive motor. The invention is safe, reliable and convenient for operation, and can improve utilization efficiency of boiler slag waste heat and production efficiency, and realize automatic control of slagging and real-time monitor for boiler material bed, so as to reduce production cost and labor intensity of operator, and facilitate control of the slag cooler to recover waste heat from high temperature slag.

Description

CFBB bed of material control system and control method
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to boiler automatic control system, the especially control of CFBB, belongs to boiler and automatic control technology field.
Background technology
In CFBB, thickness of bed layer has a direct impact fluidized state, bed temperature and heat transfer efficiency in stove, the corresponding suitable thickness of bed layer of load that boiler is certain.Thickness of bed layer is directly proportional with bed of material differential pressure substantially, by regulating bed drain purge to maintain bed material thickness at appropriate value.Bed of material differential pressure has a significant impact the stable operation of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, and the bed of material is excessively thin, and the bed of material easily blows to be worn and produces channel, fluidisation is uneven and cause local slagging scorification, is difficult to form stable emulsion zone, also can cause slagging phosphorus content high simultaneously, incomplete combustion, has increased cinder heat loss.The bed of material is blocked up can increase fan pressure head, and bubble increases, and the elutriation amount of carrying secretly increases, and fluidization quality declines, and bottom large granular materials deposition, jeopardizes safe operation, and blower fan power consumption increases, and boiler efficiency declines.Therefore, thickness of feed layer should maintain suitable scope, it is generally acknowledged 500mm left and right.At present, known CFBB bed of material control is that operating personnel manually complete according to bed of material differential pressure.Boiler slag removal adopts by completing manually or by the cold slag machine manual adjustment bed of material, so that the bed of material is unstable, furnace load changes greatly and the deficiency such as combustion instability, be difficult to realize simultaneously high-temperature slag of boiler waste heat continuously, stablize recycling.
PLC Programmable Logic Controller is a kind of electronic installation that replaces traditional relay control device, have highly versatile, easy to use, adapt to wide, reliability is high, antijamming capability is strong, the feature such as simple of programming.PLC particularly cannot replace in foreseeable future the status in sequential control at industrial automatic control.Yet, in the method for controlling at the relevant CFBB bed of material of retrieval, yet there are no using PLC and implement the report that the CFBB bed of material is realized the heat recovery of boiler high temperature warm sludge.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of using PLC control system to the control system of the CFBB bed of material and method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
CFBB bed of material control system, comprises furnace pressure table, compartment pressure table, material layer temperature table, cold slag machine deslagging temperature table, cold slag machine leaving water temperature table, cold slag machine inflow temperature table, cold slag machine drive motors; Also comprise PLC control system; Furnace pressure table, compartment pressure table connect with bed of material differential pressure transmitter, and differential pressure transmitter sends the signal of telecommunication to PLC control system; Cold slag machine deslagging temperature table, cold slag machine leaving water temperature table, cold slag machine inflow temperature table send the signal of telecommunication to PLC control system; PLC control system sends the signal of telecommunication to defeated slag device, cold slag machine drive motors.
CFBB bed of material control method, by following flow process, undertaken: shove charge slag on the aerofoil in boiler furnace, open slag valve, slag enters cold slag machine through lower slag pipe, and cooling rear slag is delivered to slag storehouse through defeated slag device; At boiler air compartment, establish compartment pressure table, in burner hearth, be provided with furnace pressure table, by bed of material differential pressure transmitter, measure its differential pressure, for slag bed of material differential pressure in stove, the bed of material differential pressure value of measurement is passed to PLC control system; PLC control system, according to the height of bed of material differential pressure value, by analog quantity output signals, is controlled cold slag machine drive motors frequency conversion rotating speed, realizes the automatic discharge of boiler.
The inventive method utilization is arranged on the Pressure gauge of boiler air compartment and burner hearth and measures force value, according to bed of material differential pressure value, indirectly reflect boiler thickness of feed layer, the bed of material differential pressure value detecting is fed back to the PLC control system of slag-draining device with current signal, by PLC control system, boiler slag removal amount is automatically adjusted, complete the real-time control to boiler thickness of feed layer, realized the chain control of detection display to whole process, operation control, security alarm, important technical parameter.Meanwhile, by boiler slag removal amount, can regulate in real time cooling water inflow, improve waste heat recovery efficiency, or statistics bed of material change histories curve.
The present invention brings the switching signal of the current signal, voltage signal, frequency signal, flow signal, pressure signal, temperature signal and the equipment that relate in whole CFBB bed of material control method into PLC control system, and data can be transferred to host computer or DCS Distributed Control System, Centralized Monitoring or realize the process control of boiler combustion optimizing, realizes boiler optimal operation scheme; Adopt PLC control system can realize whole process coal amount, bed drain purge, high temperature furnace slag is cooling, conveying, and cooling water inflow is controlled, the chain control of instrument technological parameter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, safe and reliable, easy to operate, efficiently solve the unstable problem of the boiler bed of material, the maximum upper limit value and lower limit value that can control by PLC according to the bed of material, working the slag mass rate of emission automatically, stable after, find the optimum value of controlling; Improve boiler slag UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN efficiency simultaneously, thereby optimize Boiler Operation, enhance productivity.Realize the automatic control of boiler slag removal and the real-time monitoring of the boiler bed of material, reduced production cost; Alleviated labor intensity of operating staff; The cold slag machine of convenient operation is realized the recycling of boiler high temperature warm sludge waste heat.System security of operation, stable, the burning optimizing of being simultaneously convenient to boiler is controlled, and improves boiler combustion efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is technological process and the control system schematic diagram that the present invention invents;
Parts and numbering in figure:
1-boiler furnace, 2-furnace pressure table, 3-bed of material, 4-material layer temperature table,
5-PLC control system, 6-compartment pressure table, 7-lower slag pipe, 8-slag valve,
9-cold slag machine, 10-cold slag machine drive motors, 11-cold slag machine deslagging temperature table,
12-cold slag machine leaving water temperature table, 13-cold slag machine inflow temperature table, 14-defeated slag device,
15-slag storehouse, 16-deslagging valve, 17-slag waggon, 18-differential pressure transmitter.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, CFBB bed of material control system, comprises furnace pressure table 2, compartment pressure table 6, material layer temperature table 4, cold slag machine deslagging temperature table 11, cold slag machine leaving water temperature table 12, cold slag machine inflow temperature table 13, cold slag machine drive motors 10; Also comprise PLC control system 5; Furnace pressure table 2, compartment pressure table 6 connect with bed of material differential pressure transmitter 18, and differential pressure transmitter 18 sends the signal of telecommunication to PLC control system 5; Cold slag machine deslagging temperature table 11, cold slag machine leaving water temperature table 12, cold slag machine inflow temperature table 13 send the signal of telecommunication to PLC control system 5; PLC control system 5 sends the signal of telecommunication to defeated slag device 14, cold slag machine drive motors 10.
PLC control system 5 comprises central processing unit, digital module and analog module.
Coupled device has: cold slag machine drive motors 10, differential pressure transmitter 18, cold slag machine 9, defeated slag device 14, system is controlled related device, and controlled by configuration software with electric current, voltage, frequency, pressure, temperature, flow signal.
The preferred SIPLUS CPU313C of central processing unit central processing unit; The preferred SIPLUS SM321 of digital module and SIPLUS SM322 digital quantity input module; The preferred SIPLUS SM331 of analog module and SIPLUS SM332 analog input module.
CFBB bed of material control method, by following flow process, undertaken: shove charge slag on the aerofoil in boiler furnace 1, open slag valve 8, slag enters cold slag machine 9 through lower slag pipe 7, and cooling rear slag is delivered to slag storehouse 15 through defeated slag device 14; At boiler air compartment, establish compartment pressure table 6, in burner hearth, be provided with furnace pressure table 2, by bed of material differential pressure transmitter 18, measure its differential pressure, for slag bed of material differential pressure in stove, the bed of material differential pressure value of measurement is passed to PLC control system 5; PLC control system 5, according to the height of bed of material differential pressure value, by analog quantity output signals, is controlled cold slag machine drive motors 10 frequency conversion rotating speeds, realizes the automatic discharge of boiler.
By on-line monitoring, be transferred to the bed of material differential pressure signal of PLC control system with the current signal transfer of 4-20mA, wherein the current signal equal proportion of the 4-20mA bed of material differential pressure of corresponding 0-10KPa from low to high.
The mode of being controlled cold slag machine drive motors frequency conversion rotating speed by PLC Control system simulation amount output signal is: with the current signal of 4-20mA, control cold slag machine drive motors frequency conversion rotating speed, wherein the current signal equal proportion of the 4-20mA frequency rotating speed of corresponding drive motors 8.5-50HZ from low to high.
In deslagging, cold slag process, before and after heating, water temperature signal, cooling front and back slag temperature signal synchronously enter PLC control system, by PLC control system, synchronously adjust cooling water inflow, realize the recycling of warm sludge waste heat.
The boiler bed of material, is the slag thickness producing after circulating fluid bed boiler slag bed material and coal combustion, and slag granularity is between 0-13mm, and temperature is between 850-1100 ℃.
The bed of material differential pressure signal that bed of material differential pressure transmitter is transferred to PLC control system is with 4-20mA current signal transfer, and the magnitude of current equal proportion of wherein said 4-20mA is the bed of material differential pressure value of corresponding 0-20KPa from low to high; Bed of material differential pressure is the poor of boiler compartment pressure and boiler furnace pressure, generally between 0-10Kpa; Boiler compartment pressure is that wind of boiler enters air distribution plate air compartment wind pressure value before, generally between 0-15Kpa; Boiler furnace pressure is boiler middle part, and the flue gas pressures value of combustion band top is not generally between 0-10Kpa.
Cold slag machine is the slag after burning in boiler, by motor variable-frequency speed-regulating, completes the residue extraction mechanism that warm sludge is cooling, control bed drain purge, generally has water-cooled, the mode such as air-cooled.
Bed of material differential pressure signal by on-line measurement is transferred to the bed of material differential pressure signal of PLC control system with the current signal transfer of 4-20mA, wherein the current signal equal proportion of the 4-20mA bed of material differential pressure value of corresponding 0-10KPa from low to high.
The mode of being controlled cold slag machine drive motors frequency conversion rotating speed by PLC Control system simulation amount output signal is: with the current signal of 4-20mA, control cold slag machine drive motors frequency conversion rotating speed, the current signal equal proportion of wherein said 4-20mA is the frequency rotating speed of corresponding drive motors 8.5-50HZ from low to high.
In deslagging, cold slag process, before and after heating, water temperature signal, cooling front and back slag temperature signal synchronously enter PLC control system, by the cold slag machine cooling water inflow of the synchronous adjustment of PLC control system, realize the recycling of warm sludge waste heat.
Wherein adjust cold slag machine cooling water inflow, after being processed according to motor frequency conversion rotating speed, slag temperature, leaving water temperature signal by PLC control system, output 4-20mA current signal, equal proportion is controlled cooling water feedwater, control valve opening; Cooling water inflow is that water/slag flow-rate ratio is 4: 1.
Embodiment:
Design certain CFBB 1x75t/h of factory, adopt bed of material autocontrol method of the present invention, its technological process as shown in Figure 1.
Specific design is according to as follows:
Separate unit boiler coal consumption < 14t/h during normal production;
Boiler slag removal amount < 8.5t/h;
Thickness of feed layer 500mm, bed of material differential pressure 7-9KPa;
Cold slag machine cooling water inflow 10-34t/h
Implement using PLC control system of the present invention and implement the method that in CFBB, the bed of material is controlled automatically:
When boiler normally moves, dreg removing system inspection possesses after unlocking condition, opens cold slag machine inlet/outlet valve water flowing, then open slag valve 8, open PLC control system, click and automatically drop into key, first system starts defeated slag system equipment, then starts cold slag machine, implements boiler slag removal.
PLC control system 5 comprises the CPU that central processing unit, Digital and analog amount control module form, and coupled cold slag machine drive motors, differential pressure measuring installation, cold slag machine, defeated slag device, described element is connected with the switching signal of current signal, voltage signal, frequency signal, differential pressure signal, flow signal and equipment, and is controlled by configuration software; The information of the electric current gathering from PLC control system 5, voltage, frequency, temperature, pressure, flow, motor running condition, the bed of material, be presented on the configuration page of PLC control system 5, controlling the page and can observe the real-time status of each equipment and related process parameter in system.
The preferred SIPLUS CPU of above-mentioned processor 313C central processing unit; The preferred SIPLUS SM321 of described digital module and SIPLUS SM322 digital quantity input module; The preferred SIPLUS SM331 of described analog module and SIPLUS SM332 analog input module.
850-1100 ℃ of high temperature furnace slags in the interior bed of material 3 of boiler furnace 1, by lower slag pipe 7, enter the cooling deslagging of cold slag machine 9 through slag valve 8, and cooled slag enters slag storehouse 15 through defeated slag device 14; In boiler by furnace pressure detect 2 and compartment pressure detect 6 and detect respectively cigarette wind pressure value, by differential pressure transmitter 18, transfer signals to PLC control system 5 simultaneously.When the slag in slag storehouse 15 fills, open deslagging valve 6 and pack slag waggon 17 into.
By differential pressure transmitter 18, be transferred to cigarette wind pressure value signal in PLC control system 5 with the current signal transfer of 4-20mA, wherein the corresponding bed of material 0-800mm of the bed of material differential pressure value equal proportion after PLC control system 5 is calculated; PLC control system 5 is according to the height of bed of material differential pressure value, by analog quantity output signals, control the frequency conversion rotating speed of cold slag machine drive motors 10, realize the automatic-discharging of slag, the mode that described PLC control system 5 is controlled cold slag machine drive motors 10 frequency conversion rotating speeds by analog quantity output signals is: with the current signal of 4-20mA, control the frequency conversion rotating speed of drive motors, the magnitude of current equal proportion of wherein said 4-20mA is the frequency rotating speed of corresponding variable-frequency motor 8.5-50HZ from low to high.
Concrete operations are: the control range that bed of material differential pressure is set is 7-9Kpa, when obtaining bed of material differential pressure value lower than 7Kpa, PLC control system 5 be take the analog output current signal of 4-20mA and is controlled the frequency rotating speed that cold slag machine drive motors 10 is 8.5-50HZ, the frequency of motor is reduced, automatically reduce boiler slag removal amount; When obtaining bed of material differential pressure value higher than 9Kpa, PLC control system 5 be take the analog output current signal of 4-20mA and is controlled the frequency rotating speed that cold slag machine drive motors 10 is 8.5-50HZ, and the frequency of motor is raise, and automatically increases boiler slag removal amount.
In said process, material layer temperature, deslagging temperature, cold slag machine Inlet and outlet water temperature signal are transferred to PLC control system 5 simultaneously, export the analog output current signal of 4-20mA and control cold slag machine inlet regulating valve after PLC control system 5 is processed, and regulate confluent.Mode is: PLC control system is with the corresponding control valve opening of 4-20mA magnitude of current equal proportion, and corresponding confluent is 4 tons of discharges of slag per ton.
Through said method, carry out the control of the CFBB bed of material, boiler exam index is as follows:
Thickness of feed layer: 450-550mm; Boiler efficiency improves 2-5%
Cold slag machine inflow temperature: 35 ℃ of leaving water temperatures: 82 ℃ of cooling water inflow: 28t/h
Slag input temperature: 950 ℃ of tapping temperatures: the 80 ℃ of quantity of slag: 7t/h
Result by embodiment can find out, the inventive method has realized the automatic control of boiler slag removal and the stable control of thickness of feed layer completely, has realized the recycling of high-temperature ash waste heat simultaneously, saves cooling water amount, meets or exceeds designing requirement.

Claims (1)

1. a CFBB bed of material control method, for controlled circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler bed of material control system, it is characterized in that, described control system comprises furnace pressure table (2), compartment pressure table (6), material layer temperature table (4), cold slag machine deslagging temperature table (11), cold slag machine leaving water temperature table (12), cold slag machine inflow temperature table (13), cold slag machine drive motors (10); Also comprise PLC control system (5); Furnace pressure table (2), compartment pressure table (6) connect with bed of material differential pressure transmitter (18), and bed of material differential pressure transmitter (18) sends the signal of telecommunication to PLC control system (5); Cold slag machine deslagging temperature table (11), cold slag machine leaving water temperature table (12), cold slag machine inflow temperature table (13) send the signal of telecommunication to PLC control system (5); PLC control system (5) sends the signal of telecommunication to defeated slag device (14), cold slag machine drive motors (10); Described PLC control system (5) comprises central processing unit, digital module and analog module; Described control method is undertaken by following flow process: shove charge slag on the aerofoil in boiler furnace (1), open slag valve (8), slag enters cold slag machine (9) through lower slag pipe (7), and cooling rear slag is delivered to slag storehouse (15) through defeated slag device (14); At boiler air compartment, establish compartment pressure table (6), in burner hearth, be provided with furnace pressure table (2), by bed of material differential pressure transmitter (18), measure its differential pressure, for slag bed of material differential pressure in stove, the bed of material differential pressure value of measurement is passed to PLC control system (5); 850-1100 ℃ of high temperature furnace slags in the interior bed of material of boiler furnace (1) (3), by lower slag pipe (7), enter the cooling deslagging of cold slag machine (9) through slag valve (8), and cooled slag enters slag storehouse (15) through defeated slag device (14); In boiler, by furnace pressure table (2) and compartment pressure table (6), detect respectively cigarette wind pressure value, by bed of material differential pressure transmitter (18), transfer signals to PLC control system (5) simultaneously; While loading and transporting the slag in slag storehouse (15), open deslagging valve (16) and pack slag waggon (17) into; By bed of material differential pressure transmitter (18), be transferred to cigarette wind pressure value signal in PLC control system (5) with the current signal transfer of 4-20mA, wherein the corresponding bed of material 0-800mm of the bed of material differential pressure value equal proportion after PLC control system (5) is calculated; PLC control system (5) is according to the height of bed of material differential pressure value, by analog quantity output signals, control the frequency conversion rotating speed of cold slag machine drive motors (10), realize the automatic-discharging of slag, the mode that described PLC control system (5) is controlled cold slag machine drive motors (10) frequency conversion rotating speed by analog quantity output signals is: with the current signal of 4-20mA, control the frequency conversion rotating speed of drive motors, the magnitude of current equal proportion of wherein said 4-20mA is the frequency rotating speed of corresponding variable-frequency motor 8.5-50HZ from low to high; The control range that bed of material differential pressure is set is 7-9Kpa, when obtaining bed of material differential pressure value lower than 7Kpa, PLC control system (5) be take the analog output current signal of 4-20mA and is controlled the frequency rotating speed that cold slag machine drive motors (10) is 8.5-50HZ, the frequency of motor is reduced, automatically reduce boiler slag removal amount; When obtaining bed of material differential pressure value higher than 9Kpa, PLC control system (5) be take the analog output current signal of 4-20mA and is controlled the frequency rotating speed that cold slag machine drive motors (10) is 8.5-50HZ, and the frequency of motor is raise, and automatically increases boiler slag removal amount; Material layer temperature, deslagging temperature, cold slag machine Inlet and outlet water temperature signal are transferred to PLC control system (5) simultaneously, and after PLC control system (5) is processed, the analog output current signal of output 4-20mA is controlled cold slag machine inlet regulating valve, regulates confluent; Mode is: PLC control system (5) is with the corresponding control valve opening of 4-20mA magnitude of current equal proportion, and corresponding confluent is 4 tons of discharges of slag per ton.
CN201210355502.7A 2012-09-07 2012-09-07 Control system and control method for material bed of circulating fluidized bed boiler Active CN102944011B (en)

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CN105066154A (en) * 2015-07-30 2015-11-18 北新集团建材股份有限公司 Automatic deslagging method and system for fluidized bed combustion boiler
CN108050512A (en) * 2017-12-05 2018-05-18 赣州华兴钨制品有限公司 A kind of boiler hearth of circulating fluidized bed slag-draining device and its operating method
CN109028050A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-12-18 济南市琦泉热电有限责任公司 The method of adjustment of fluidized-bed combustion boiler burning burning of mixing coal slime mixed with dolomite
CN111442262B (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-12-17 神华神东电力有限责任公司 Slag removal adjusting system and method
CN112212322B (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-08-26 河北国超热力工程有限公司 Intelligent control method for optimizing combustion of thermodynamic circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN112856399B (en) * 2021-01-25 2022-06-24 浙江城建煤气热电设计院股份有限公司 Method for monitoring height of bed material in fluidized bed boiler operation in real time

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US4335683A (en) * 1981-04-09 1982-06-22 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed heat exchanger with control to respond to changes in demand
JPS5824710A (en) * 1981-08-05 1983-02-14 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Height control of static bed of fluidized medium in boiler of fluidized-bed combustion type
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Denomination of invention: Material layer control system and control method of circulating fluidized bed boiler

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