CN102933786B - Cutting element, earth-boring tools and the method forming this cutting element and instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

Cutting element includes the super hard abrasive of certain volume.The super hard abrasive of this certain volume includes anterior cutting surface, end cutting surface, cutting edge, the lateral side surfaces that extends between anterior cutting surface with end cutting surface and all intersect with anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface.A kind of earth-boring tools can include drill body and be connected at least one cutting element of drill body.The method forming cutting element includes being formed the super hard abrasive of certain volume, including forming anterior cutting surface, end cutting surface, cutting edge and the lateral side surfaces extending between anterior cutting surface with end cutting surface and all intersecting with anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface.The method forming earth-boring tools includes forming cutting element and cutting element being connected to earth-boring tools.

Description

Cutting element, earth-boring tools and the method forming this cutting element and instrument

Priority

This application claims that title filed in 3 days Mays in 2010 is " Improved Geometries For Cutting Elements And Methods Of Forming Such Cutting Elements " U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/330,757 and in 2010 Title filed on August 6, in is " Cutting Elements Having Curved Lateral Side Surfaces for Plowing Subterranean Formation Material, Earth-Boring Tools Including Such Cutting Elements,and Related Methods " the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/371,355.

Technical field

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to include being formed at suprabasil super hard abrasive (example Such as polycrystalline diamond or cubic boron nitride) cutting element of table top, include this cutting element Earth-boring tools and the method forming this cutting element and earth-boring tools.

Background technology

Earth-boring tools is generally used to form (such as get out and expand) wellhole or well in the earth formation (being hereinafter " well ").Earth-boring tools such as includes rotary drilling-head, core bit, eccentric bit Head, Double Circular Bit, re-drill bit, reamer and dismembyator.

The different types of ground rotary drilling-head that bores is well known in the present art, such as, include fixing cutting Cut cutter type drill bit (its so-called " scraper " drill bit in the art), rifler (at this Its so-called " gear wheel " drill bit in field), diamond-impregnated bit and hybrid bit (its example As fixed cutter and gear wheel can be included).Described drill bit is made to rotate and push away in subsurface formations Enter.When drill bit rotates, cutting element or abrasive structure are cut, crush, shear and/or are worn and torn Fall on the ground layer material to form well.

Drill bit is directly or indirectly connected in this area be referred to as on the end of the parts of " drill string ", institute Stating drill string and include a string elongated tubular product sections of end-to-end link, it extends to well from surface of stratum In Yan.Generally can will be connected to together with element drilled include the various instruments including drill bit The far-end of the drill string at the bottom of the well visited.This assembly of instrument and element is in the art It is referred to as " BHA " (BHA).

Drill bit can be made to rotate in well by rotating drill string from surface of stratum, or by inciting somebody to action Drill bit is connected to downhole electric machine can make drill bit rotate, and described downhole electric machine is also connected to bore Post and close borehole bottom are arranged.Downhole electric machine can include such as hydraulic pressure Moineau type Motor, it has axle, and drill bit is installed on described axle, by pumping fluid (such as drilling well Mud or fluid) be passed down through drill string center from surface of stratum, through fluid pressure motor, Nozzle from drill bit out, the exposed surface on the stratum in drill string outer surface and well it Between annular space return back up to surface of stratum it can be made to rotate.

Rifler typically has three teeth being arranged on the drill bit supporting leg that drill body extends Wheel, it such as can be formed by three bit parts forming drill body welded together.Often Individual drill bit supporting leg can be from a bit part suspension.Each gear wheel is configured to from drill bit supporting leg Radially inward, downwardly direction rotates in the support shaft that drill bit supporting leg extends or rotates.This A little gear wheels are typically formed by steel, but they can also be (the most all by particle matrix composite Cermet compositions such as Talide etc) formed.Can be at each gear wheel In outer surface or upper machining or otherwise form cutting for rock cutting and other stratum Cut tooth.Alternatively, the outer surface of each gear wheel is formed with holder, wear-resistant by hard The insert that material is formed is fastened in described holder to form the cutting element of gear wheel.When making tooth When wheel drill bit rotates in well, gear wheel rolls and slips over surface of stratum, and this makes cutting element incite somebody to action Following stratum crushes and wipes off.

Fixed cutter formula drill bit generally comprises the multiple cutting units being connected to drill body face Part.This drill body can include multiple wing or scraper, which defines the stream between scraper Body runner.Described cutting element can be fastened to bore in the recess in being formed at scraper outer surface Head body.Described cutting element is fixedly attachable to drill body so that creeping into period Cutting element will not move relative to drill body.Described drill body can be by steel or granule base Composite material (such as cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide) is formed.Include that particle-matrix is multiple at drill body In the embodiment of condensation material, drill body may be coupled to metal alloy (such as steel) drill bit Blank area, this bit adapter part has and can be used to drill body and this bit adapter portion Divide the end of thread being connected to drill string.When fixed cutter formula drill bit rotates in well, cut Cut element scraping surface of stratum and cut off following stratum.

Impregnated diamond rotary drilling-head may be used for creeping into hard or grinds lithostratigraphy, such as husky Rock.Usually, diamond-impregnated bit has the solid head or crown cast in a mold.Institute Stating crown and be connected to steel bit blank area, described steel bit blank area has can be used In the end of thread that described crown and described steel bit blank area are connected to drill string.Described hat Top can have various structures and generally comprise the cutting face with multiple cutting structure, these Cutting structure can include at least one in segment of cutting, cutting post and scraper.Described cutting post Can be formed in a mold together with described crown with scraper, or they can independently form also It is connected to described crown.Cutting post and scraper are separated so that creeping into fluid to flow through drill bit by groove Described cutting face.

Diamond-impregnated bit can be formed such that the cutting face of drill bit (includes cutting post and scraping Cutter) include that particle matrix composite, described particle matrix composite include being dispersed in whole Diamond particles in matrix material.Described matrix material itself can include being dispersed in whole gold Belong to the particle matrix composite in matrix material (such as acid bronze alloy), such as tungsten carbide Grain.

In the art the abrasion-resistant material of such as " wear-resisting " material etc is applied to rotary drilling-head Stratum composition surface the abrasion caused by grinding on those surfaces of drill bit be minimized be Known.Such as, crept into, by tradition, the particulate solid material that fluid carries and (such as cut existing Bits and rubble) in the case of, when those surfaces engage with the surface of subsurface formations and relative to Time slip in the surface of subsurface formations, wear and tear at the stratum composition surface of earth-boring tools.Example As, high-abrasive material can be applied to rifler gear wheel cutting tooth on and the guarantor of gear wheel On surface, footpath.High-abrasive material can also be applied to curved lower end or the " gomphiasis of each drill bit supporting leg Bit body " outer surface on, and creeping into period drill bit may engage stratum other appearances On face.

The cutting element being used in this earth-boring tools generally includes polycrystalline diamond cutting element (so-called " PDC "), it is the cutting element including polycrystalline diamond (PCD) material. This polycrystalline diamond cutting element by catalyst (such as cobalt, ferrum, nickel or they Alloys and mixts) in the presence of by relatively small diamond crystals or crystal at high temperature and Sinter and be bonded together in cutting element substrate formation polycrystalline diamond material layer under high pressure Formed.These techniques are commonly referred to high temp/high pressure (or " HTHP ") technique.Cutting unit Part substrate can include cermet material (i.e. ceramic-metal composite material), and such as cobalt tungsten is hard Matter alloy.In these cases, during sintering, cobalt in cutting element substrate (or other Catalyst material) can be inhaled in diamond crystals or crystal, and with acting on by Buddha's warrior attendant Stone crystal grain or the catalyst material of crystal formation diamond table top.In additive method, at HTHP In technique, before described crystal grain or crystal are sintered together, can be by powder catalyst Material mixes with diamond crystals or crystal.

After using HTHP technique to form diamond table top, catalyst material can be retained in In the space between diamond crystals or crystal in the polycrystalline diamond table top obtained.When making Cutting element is caused to be added with period due to the friction at the contact point between cutting element and stratum During heat, the heat damage during the existence of catalyst material causes diamond table top in diamond table top. The polycrystalline diamond cutting element that catalyst material is retained in diamond table top is typically the biggest It is heat-staple when about 750 degrees Celsius, but the internal stress in polycrystalline diamond table top is super Cross and development at a temperature of about 350 degrees Celsius, may be started.This internal stress is at least in part Due to the thermal expansion rates between the cutting element substrate of diamond table top and bond diamond table top Difference causes.The difference of this thermal expansion rates can be between diamond table top and substrate Interface causes relatively large compression and tensile stress, and is likely to result in diamond table top and base Bottom slice.About 750 degrees Celsius and above temperature, due to diamond and diamond The difference of the thermal coefficient of expansion between catalyst material in table top itself and cause diamond table top Interior stress dramatically increases.Such as, cobalt is substantially fast than diamond thermal expansion, and this can cause Structural break also extends in diamond table top itself, ultimately results in the degeneration of diamond table top, Reduce the efficiency of cutting element.

In order to reduce relevant the asking of the thermal expansion rates different from polycrystalline diamond cutting element Topic, has been developed for so-called " thermally-stabilised " polycrystalline diamond (TSD) cutting element.This TSP cutting element can be by using such as acid by catalyst material (such as Cobalt) space between diamond crystals from diamond table top is leached formed.Can be from gold Hard rock table top removes all of catalyst material, or can only remove a part.Just like Lower report: the thermally-stabilised glomerocryst wherein the most all catalyst materials leached from diamond table top The thermal stable temperature of diamond cutter is up to about 1200 degrees Celsius.But there was reported this The diamond table top that kind leaches completely is more frangible than the diamond table top of non-leaching and more holds Easily damaged by shearing, compression and tensile stress.Have relative to non-leaching diamond table in offer Fever sensation of the face stability higher but also relatively the most frangible and more susceptible to shearing, compression and tensile stress In the effort of the diamond table top damaged, there has been provided include only a part catalyst material quilt From the cutting element of the diamond table top that diamond table top leaches.

Summary of the invention

In some embodiments, the present invention includes a kind of cutting element, and it includes certain volume Super hard abrasive.The super hard abrasive of this certain volume include anterior cutting surface, end cutting surface, Near the cross-shaped portion between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface cutting edge, cut in front portion Cut and extend between surface with end cutting surface and all intersect with anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface The first lateral side surfaces and on the side relative with the first lateral side surfaces of cutting element , extend between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface and with anterior cutting surface and end-grain cutting Cut the second lateral side surfaces that surface is all intersected.

In some embodiments, a kind of cutting element for earth-boring tools includes certain volume Super hard abrasive.The super hard abrasive of this certain volume includes anterior cutting surface, at cutting element The side relative with anterior cutting surface on rear portion cutting surface, end cutting surface, cutting Cut the bottom end surface on the side relative with end cutting surface of element, near anterior cutting table The cutting edge of the cross-shaped portion between face and end cutting surface, cut with end-grain cutting at anterior cutting surface The the first cross side table extended between surface and all intersect with anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface Face and on the side relative with the first lateral side surfaces of cutting element, front portion cut Extend between surface with end cutting surface and with anterior cutting surface and hold cutting surface all to intersect Second lateral side surfaces.The mean breadth of described anterior cutting surface is less than rear portion cutting surface Mean breadth.

A kind of earth-boring tools can include drill body and at least one being connected to drill body is cut Cut element.At least one cutting element described includes anterior cutting surface, near anterior cutting table The cutting edge of the cross-shaped portion between face and end cutting surface, cut with end-grain cutting at anterior cutting surface The the first cross side table extended between surface and all intersect with anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface Face and on the side relative with the first lateral side surfaces of cutting element, front portion cut Extend between surface with end cutting surface and with anterior cutting surface and hold cutting surface all to intersect Second lateral side surfaces.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Although this specification is with particularly pointing out and clearly stating about embodiments of the present invention Claim conclude, but when reading in conjunction with the accompanying the exemplary reality of some being set forth below The advantage that can the most more easily infer embodiments of the present invention when executing the description of mode, Wherein:

Fig. 1 is the side view of an embodiment of the cutting element of the present invention；

Fig. 2 A can be by along the plane illustrated by the line A-A shown in Fig. 1 at Fig. 1 Shown in cutting element on to form another of the cutting element of the present invention that plane provides real Execute the perspective view of mode；

Fig. 2 B is the Partial enlarged side view of the cutting element shown in Fig. 2 A；

Fig. 2 C is the partial enlargement front view of the cutting element shown in Fig. 2 A and 2B；

Fig. 3 A can be by along the plane illustrated by the line B-B shown in Fig. 1 at Fig. 1 Shown in cutting element on to form another of the cutting element of the present invention that plane provides real Execute the perspective view of mode；

Fig. 3 B is the Partial enlarged side view of the cutting element shown in Fig. 3 A；

Fig. 3 C is the partial enlargement front view of the cutting element shown in Fig. 3 A and 3B；

Fig. 4 is the side view of another embodiment of the cutting element of the present invention；

Fig. 5 A can be by along the plane illustrated by the line C-C shown in Fig. 4 at Fig. 4 Shown in cutting element on to form another of the cutting element of the present invention that plane provides real Execute the perspective view of mode；

Fig. 5 B is the Partial enlarged side view of the cutting element shown in Fig. 5 A；

Fig. 5 C is the partial enlargement front view of the cutting element shown in Fig. 5 A and 5B；

Fig. 6 A can be by along the plane illustrated by the line D-D shown in Fig. 4 at Fig. 4 Shown in cutting element on to form another of the cutting element of the present invention that plane provides real Execute the perspective view of mode；

Fig. 6 B is the Partial enlarged side view of the cutting element shown in Fig. 6 A；

Fig. 6 C is the partial enlargement front view of the cutting element shown in Fig. 6 A and 6B；

Fig. 7 A is another embodiment of the cutting element being at least a partially formed of the present invention Perspective view；

Fig. 7 B is the plan view of the anterior cutting surface of the cutting element shown in Fig. 7 A；With

Fig. 8 is the earth-boring tools of any embodiment that can include cutting element described herein Perspective view.

Detailed description of the invention

Here the figure presented be not intended to any special cutting element, earth-boring tools or this cut Cut the actual view of a part for element or instrument, and be intended merely to describe the embodiment party of the present invention The idealization of formula represents.It addition, the total element between these figures may retain identical accompanying drawing Labelling.

Fig. 1 is the side view of an embodiment of the cutting element 100 being at least a partially formed.Should Cutting element 100 can include super hard abrasive (the super hard abrasive bag of certain volume in substrate 104 Include polycrystalline diamond material and/or cubic boron nitride) although it need not include Buddha's warrior attendant Stone, but herein for being referred to as diamond table top 102 for the sake of simplicity.Described substrate 104 such as may be used To include Hardmetal materials, such as cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide.In other embodiment, whole Individual cutting element 100 can be made up of super hard abrasive at least substantially.In other embodiment, Whole cutting element 100 can be at least basic by the hard alloy of such as cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide etc Material forms.

Described cutting element 100 can be polyhedron, but can be elongated and can have Longitudinal axis A_L.Described cutting element 100 can be substantially cylinder.Described diamond table top 102 The lateral side surfaces 112 of substantially cylindrical can be included, its substantially cylindrical with substrate 104 Lateral side surfaces 105 is substantially co-extensive (coextensive) continuous print.Described diamond table top 102 can also include bending end cutting surface 106, on the both sides of cutting element 100 at base Extend between lateral side surfaces 112 and the end cutting surface 106 of described bending of this cylinder cuts Head cone lateral side surfaces 110, from Fig. 1 from the point of view of described " both sides " be cutting element The left side of 100 and the right side of cutting element 100.Described diamond table top 102 can also be in cutting unit Two flat beveled surface 114 are included, from Fig. 1 on the both sides of part 100 (such as relative to both sides) " both sides " described in from the point of view of are front side and the rear sides of cutting element 100.Therefore, in FIG Can be only seen one of them flat beveled surface 114.

As for known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, described cutting element 100 can be so Mode be connected to earth-boring tools, such as bore ground rotary drilling-head (such as fixed cutter formula rotation Turn drill bit) so that: when cutting when creeping into or reaming hole technique uses earth-boring tools to form well The diamond table top 102 cutting element 100 will contact with the surface of stratum in well.Simply see figure 8, a kind of earth-boring tools 800 can include multiple cutting element 806, and ratio is cut as shown in Figure 1 Cut element 100.

Referring back to Fig. 1, described cutting element 100 may be mounted on earth-boring tools so that Buddha's warrior attendant The end cutting surface 106 near bending of stone table board 102 and Frusto-conical lateral side surfaces The edge 111 of the cross-shaped portion between 110 will contact with the surface exposed of subsurface formations in well, This surface is represented by line 120 in FIG.In other words, a part of conical butt lateral side surfaces It can be the anterior cutting surface contacted with the surface exposed of subsurface formations in well.Such as Fig. 1 Shown in, conical butt lateral side surfaces 110 with in well subsurface formations described surface (by Line 120 represent) between angle, θ can be from (2 °) the most twice to about 30 degree (30 °) (the most about 15 degree (15 °)).

Described cutting element 100 can form the angle of heel of (physical) in entity structure It is arranged on earth-boring tools in orientation, or it can not partially be installed and not have any angle of heel. Described cutting element 100 can also be in the plus caster angle formed in entity structure, entity structure It is arranged on earth-boring tools in the orientation of minus caster (i.e. top rake), or the most partially installs And there is no the back rake angle (or top rake) in any entity structure.

Include that following smooth end-grain cutting is cut by being modified as by the cutting element 100 shown in Fig. 1 The surface end cutting surface 106 of bending (be different from as shown in Figure 1) its with relative to The longitudinal axis A of cutting element 100_LIt is orientated more than 0 degree (0 °) and less than the sharp angle α of 90 degree (90 °), Described cutting element 100 can be made to present the plus caster angle of actual work (effective), Even when cutting in the orientation in the minus caster (i.e. top rake) formed in entity structure When element 100 is arranged on earth-boring tools, or the most partially installs and do not have in any entity structure Back rake angle (or top rake) time be also such.The big I at the actual plus caster angle worked With at least in part by the longitudinal axis A of cutting element 100_LAnd sharp between smooth end cutting surface The size of angle α determines.

Such as, Fig. 2 A to 2C illustrates and can pass through to illustrate along by the line A-A shown in Fig. 1 The cutting element 100 that figure 1 illustrates of plane on form smooth end cutting surface 202 and carry Another embodiment of the cutting element 200 of confession.As shown in fig. 1, therefore line A-A(puts down Smooth end cutting surface 202) about the longitudinal axis A of cutting element 200_LWith sharp angle α₁Orientation.

As another example, Fig. 3 A to 3C illustrates can be by along by shown in Fig. 1 Form smooth end-grain cutting on the cutting element 100 that the plane of line B-B diagram figure 1 illustrates and cut table One embodiment of the cutting element 300 that face 302 provides.As shown in fig. 1, line B-B(because of This smooth end cutting surface 302) about the longitudinal axis A of cutting element 300_LWith sharp angle α₂Orientation.

As by carrying out contrasting by line A-A Yu B-B in Fig. 1 it can be appreciated that, cutting unit The smooth end cutting surface 302 of part 300 and longitudinal axis A_LBetween sharp angle α₂Less than cutting element The smooth end cutting surface 202 of 200 and longitudinal axis A_LBetween sharp angle α₁。

With continued reference to Fig. 1, the smooth end cutting surface 202 of cutting element 200 and longitudinal axis A_LIt Between sharp angle α₁Can be chosen such that: smooth end cutting surface 202 and subsurface formations in well Surface (being represented by line 120) between angle ε₁90 degree (90 °) can be less than, hence in so that The cutting element 200 of Fig. 2 A to 2C presents the actual minus caster worked and (actual acts as Top rake).

The most as shown in fig. 1, the smooth end cutting surface 302 and longitudinal axis A of cutting element 300_L Between sharp angle α₂Can be chosen such that: smooth end cutting surface 302 and ground, underground in well Angle ε between the surface (being represented by line 120) of layer₂90 degree (90 °) can be more than, therefore make The cutting element 200 obtaining Fig. 3 A to 3C presents (i.e. actual, the actual plus caster angle worked The back rake angle of effect).

Fig. 4 is the side view of another embodiment of the cutting element 400 being at least a partially formed. This cutting element 400 can include in substrate 404 certain volume polycrystalline diamond material (or Person's another kind super hard abrasive, such as cubic boron nitride) it is referred to herein as diamond table top 402.Described substrate 404 such as can include Hardmetal materials, such as cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide. In other embodiment, whole cutting element 400 can be at least basic by polycrystalline diamond material Material composition.In other embodiment, whole cutting element 400 can be at least basic by such as The Hardmetal materials composition of cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide etc.

Described cutting element 400 can be polyhedron, but can be elongated and can have Longitudinal axis A_L.In some embodiments, described cutting element 400 can be substantially cylinder. Described diamond table top 402 can include the lateral side surfaces 402 of substantially cylindrical, itself and substrate The lateral side surfaces 405 of the substantially cylindrical of 404 is substantially co-extensive and continuous print.Conical butt Surface 410 substantially cylindrical lateral side surfaces 403 and end cutting surface 408 between around extremely Few a part of cutting element 400 extends.Described diamond table top 402 can also include anterior cutting Surface 406, described anterior cutting surface 406 be substantially Frusto-conical lateral side surfaces The recessed lateral side surfaces 412 of the first bending extended between 410 and at described anterior cutting table Face 406 and be substantially between Frusto-conical lateral side surfaces 410 extend second bending recessed Lateral side surfaces 416(entered is the most not shown；Such as see Fig. 5 C and 6C).First bending Recessed lateral side surfaces 412 and the recessed lateral side surfaces 416 of the second bending the most all right Extend to described end cutting surface 408.Recessed lateral side surfaces 412 He of described first bending The recessed lateral side surfaces 412 of the second bending can be in the relative side of cutting element 400 On.Cutting edge 409 is near the phase between described anterior cutting surface 406 and end cutting surface 408 Friendship portion positions.Although illustrate in Fig. 4 is to be cut table by described anterior cutting surface 406 and end-grain cutting The sharp edges that face 408 limits, but described cutting edge 409 can include oblique section or radius. This oblique section or radius can improve the durability of cutting element 400.

Described anterior cutting surface 406 in some embodiments can be the most smooth (in Fig. 4 Shown in), but can be protruding in other embodiment bend.Similarly, described end-grain cutting Cut surface 408 can bend (as shown in Figure 4) in some embodiments protrudingly, but Can be the most smooth in other embodiment.

Described cutting element 400 can be connected to earth-boring tools by this way, such as bores ground and rotates Drill bit (such as fixed cutter formula rotary drilling-head) so that: when creeping into or in reaming hole technique Use earth-boring tools when forming well the diamond table top 402 of cutting element 400 will with in well Surface of stratum contact.Simply seeing Fig. 8, a kind of earth-boring tools 800 can include multiple cutting Element 806, than cutting element 400 as shown in Figure 4.

When cutting element 400 is connected to earth-boring tools, and when using cutting element 400 During cutting earth formation material, the first bending lateral side surfaces 412 and the second bending lateral side surfaces 416 The earth formation material of chip and crushing can be guided away from connecting the earth-boring tools having cutting element 400 Surface.Such as, the scraper of fixed cutter formula rotary drilling-head it is connected at cutting element 400 Embodiment in, described cutting element 400 can guide the earth formation material of chip and crushing away from The blade surface of drill bit.

The concave shape of the first bending lateral side surfaces 412 and the second bending lateral side surfaces 416 is also Can guide the chip around cutting element 400 and the earth formation material of crushing and outward towards The transverse side of cutting element 400 guides.In some embodiments, described cutting element 400 Can connect near traditional shearing cutting element (such as shearing between cutting element at two) (such as cutting unit is sheared at two to earth-boring tools or near traditional shearing cutting element Between part) it is connected to earth-boring tools, such as being title filed in December in 2009 28 days It is " Drill Bits and Other Earth-Boring Tools Having Differing Cutting Elements on a Common Blade, and Related Methods " non-provisional U.S. patent Title filed in patent application serial numbers on June 3rd, 61/290,401,2010 is " Earth-Boring Tools Having Differing C utting Elements on a Blade and Related Methods " U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 12/793,396 in disclose.These embodiment party In formula, the first bending lateral side surfaces 412 and concave shape of the second bending lateral side surfaces 416 The earth formation material of the chip produced by cutting element 400 and crushing can also be guided one or many into The individual cutting path shearing cutting element closed on, then it can assist further by cutting unit Formation cuttings that part 400 produces and the cutting of earth formation material of crushing and emptying.

First bending lateral side surfaces 412 can have similar with the second bending lateral side surfaces 416 (the most identical or have mirror image) or different geometries, can be to each several What shape carries out individually designed to improve the performance of cutting element 400 during drilling operation.

Therefore, the first bending lateral side surfaces 412 and the second bending cross side of cutting element 400 The concave shape on surface 416 can reduce formation cuttings and blocks around cutting element 400 and assemble Generation this be referred to as " mud drum " in the art.This stratum material around cutting element The mud drum of material may reduce the efficiency of cutting element.

Cutting element 400 may be mounted on earth-boring tools so that near described anterior cutting surface The cutting edge of the diamond table top 402 of the cross-shaped portion location between 406 and end cutting surface 408 409 will contact with the surface exposed of the subsurface formations in well, and this surface is in the diagram by line 120 represent.As shown in Figure 4, anterior cutting surface 406(and/or conical butt cross side Surface 410) and well in subsurface formations 122 described surface between angle, θ can be from about two Degree (2 °) Dao about 30 degree (30 °) (the most about 15 degree (15 °)).

The orientation that described cutting element 400 can form the angle of heel in entity structure is arranged on brill On ground instrument, or it can not partially be installed and not have any angle of heel.Described cutting element 400 can also form the plus caster angle in entity structure, the minus caster in entity structure (before i.e. Inclination angle) orientation be arranged on earth-boring tools, or the most partially install and do not have any entity to tie Back rake angle (or top rake) on structure.

In some embodiments, end cutting surface 408 can be smooth, and can be with phase Longitudinal axis A for cutting element 400_LMore than 0 degree (0 °) and less than the sharp angle α of 90 degree (90 °) (the α in such as Fig. 4₃, α₄) orientation.In these embodiments, described cutting element 400 Alternatively can be so that described cutting element 400 presents the side at the actual plus caster angle worked Even if formula is arranged on earth-boring tools described cutting element 400 to be formed in entity structure The orientation of minus caster (i.e. top rake) is arranged on earth-boring tools, or the most partially install and Not as by the longitudinal axis A of cutting element 400_LAnd appointing of the angle-determining between the surface on stratum Back rake angle (or top rake) in what entity structure.The big I at the actual plus caster angle worked With at least in part by the longitudinal axis A of cutting element 400_LAnd sharp between smooth end cutting surface The size of angle α determines.

Such as, Fig. 5 A to 5C illustrates and can pass through to illustrate along by the line C-C shown in Fig. 4 The cutting element 400 that figure 4 illustrates of plane on form smooth end cutting surface 508 and carry Another embodiment of the cutting element 500 of confession.As shown in Figure 4, therefore line C-C(puts down Smooth end cutting surface 508) relative to the longitudinal axis A of cutting element 500_LWith sharp angle α₃Orientation.Cut Cut edge edge 509 is near the cross-shaped portion between described anterior cutting surface 406 and end cutting surface 508 Location.Described cutting edge 509 can be cut sth. askew or rounding.

As another example, Fig. 6 A to 6C illustrates can be by along by shown in Fig. 4 Form smooth end-grain cutting on the cutting element 400 that the plane of line D-D diagram figure 4 illustrates and cut table One embodiment of the cutting element 600 that face 608 provides.As shown in Figure 4, line D-D(because of This smooth end cutting surface 608) relative to the longitudinal axis A of cutting element 600_LWith sharp angle α₄Orientation. Cut edge 609 is near intersecting between described anterior cutting surface 406 and end cutting surface 608 Portion positions.Described cutting edge 609 can be cut sth. askew or rounding.

As by carrying out contrasting by line C-C Yu D-D in Fig. 4 it can be appreciated that, cutting unit The smooth end cutting surface 608(of part 600 is as being represented by line D-D) and longitudinal axis A_LIt Between sharp angle α₄Less than the smooth end cutting surface 508(of cutting element 500 as by line C-C Represent) and longitudinal axis A_LBetween sharp angle α₃。

With continued reference to Fig. 4, the smooth end cutting surface 508 of cutting element 500 and longitudinal axis A_LIt Between sharp angle α₃Can be chosen such that: smooth end cutting surface 508 and subsurface formations in well Surface (being represented by line 120) between angle ε₃90 degree (90 °) can be less than, hence in so that The cutting element 500 of Fig. 5 A to 5C presents the actual minus caster worked and (actual acts as Top rake).

The most as shown in Figure 4, the smooth end cutting surface 608 and longitudinal axis A of cutting element 600_L Between sharp angle α₄Can be chosen such that: smooth end cutting surface 608 and ground, underground in well Angle ε between the surface (being represented by line 120) of layer₄90 degree (90 °) can be more than, therefore make The cutting element 600 obtaining Fig. 6 A to 6C presents (i.e. actual, the actual plus caster angle worked The back rake angle of effect).

Fig. 7 A is the perspective of another embodiment of the cutting element 700 being at least a partially formed Figure.This cutting element 700 can include the super hard abrasive (glomerocryst of certain volume in substrate 704 Diamond and/or cubic boron nitride), it is referred to herein as diamond table top 702.Described base The end 704, such as can include Hardmetal materials, such as cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide.In other enforcement In mode, whole cutting element 700 can be made up of polycrystalline diamond material at least substantially.Separately In outer embodiment, whole cutting element 700 can be at least basic by such as cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide Etc Hardmetal materials composition.

Described cutting element 700 can be polyhedron-shaped.Described diamond table top 702 can wrap Include anterior cutting surface 706, lateral side surfaces 710 that end cutting surface 708, first is smooth, First extended between described anterior cutting surface 706 and the first smooth lateral side surfaces 710 is curved Lateral side surfaces 714(Fig. 7 B that bent recessed lateral side surfaces 712, second is smooth shows Go out) and prolong between described anterior cutting surface 706 and the second smooth lateral side surfaces 714 Recessed lateral side surfaces 716(of the second bending stretched illustrates in figure 7b).Cutting edge 709 Cross-shaped portion location between described anterior cutting surface 706 and end cutting surface 708.Described Cutting edge 709 can be cut sth. askew or rounding.Described cutting element 700 is additionally may included in be cut Cut the bottom end surface 718 on the end relative with end cutting surface 708 of element 700 and cutting Cut the posterior face 720 on the side relative with anterior cutting surface 706 of element 700.At some In embodiment, one or two in bottom end surface 718 and posterior face 720 can be at least It is substantially smooth.

Cutting element 700 can have cutting element axle A_L, it is defined as at cutting element 700 The axle extended between center and the center on bottom end surface 718 of end cutting surface 708.It is perpendicular to Cutting element axle A_LThe mean breadth of the anterior cutting surface 706 measured can be less than being perpendicular to Cutting element axle A_LMeasure the mean breadth of the posterior face 720 arrived.Such as, implement at some In mode, the mean breadth of anterior cutting surface 706 can be the mean breadth of posterior face 720 About percent 95(95%) or less.

Fig. 7 B is that the plane of the anterior cutting surface 706 of the cutting element 700 shown in Fig. 7 A regards Figure.This front portion cutting surface 706 can be convexly curved in some embodiments (such as Fig. 7 A Shown in 7B), but can be at least substantially flat in other embodiment.Class As, described end cutting surface 708 can be at least substantially flat in some embodiments (as shown in Figure 7A and 7B), but can be convexly curved in other embodiment.

Described cutting element 700 may be coupled to earth-boring tools, such as bores ground rotary drilling-head (such as Fixed cutter formula rotary drilling-head).When cutting element 700 is connected to earth-boring tools, and And when use cutting element 700 cut earth formation material time, with cutting here in conjunction with Fig. 4 before The mode that the description of the first and second recessed lateral side surfaces 412,114 cutting element 400 is similar to, First recessed lateral side surfaces 712 and the second recessed lateral side surfaces 716 can guide cutting element Chip around 700 and the earth formation material of crushing by its self-cutting element 700 laterally outward (example As along path 730) guide.First recessed lateral side surfaces 712 and the second recessed cross side table Face 716 can have similar or different geometry, can several with individually designed each surface What shape is to improve the performance of cutting element 700 during drilling operation.

As shown in Figure 8, a kind of earth-boring tools 800 can include drill bit 802 and multiple scraper 804. Earth-boring tools 800 shown in Fig. 8 includes fixed cutter formula rotary drilling-head, but the present invention Embodiment also include the earth-boring tools of other known types, such as include other kinds of brill Head (such as rifler, diamond-impregnated bit, core bit and collision drill bit), sleeve pipe and Tail pipe boring means, re-drill bit or other drilling tools, and regulator, packer or Person such as can handle the assembly handled of liner system etc.Can be by multiple cutting elements 806 It is installed to drill body 802, is such as installed to each scraper 804.For example, it is possible to will cutting unit Part 806 is installed to the leading edge of scraper 804.Cutting element 806 can include as described herein Any cutting element 100,200,300,400,500,600 and/or 700.Cutting element 806 Drill body 802 can be connected to, such as by hard pricker by any method as known in the art Weldering, welding, co-sintering etc..Described cutting element 806 at material composition and geometrically may be used With substantially similar, or can be different from other cutting elements 806.Such as, at earth-boring tools Cutting element 806 in conical region can have and is different from front end area, shoulder regions or gauge The geometry of the cutting element 806 in region.The geometry of each cutting element 806 and material Material can be chosen to make the abrasive characteristic optimization of earth-boring tools 800.

It is alternatively possible to some region (example of the super hard abrasive to the embodiment of cutting element Such as diamond table top 102,402 or 702) or the super hard abrasive of whole volume carry out processing (example Such as etching), to remove metal material between the most bonded diamond crystals from super hard abrasive (such as the diamond between the diamond crystal (i.e. crystal grain) promoting in super hard abrasive- The metallic catalyst of the formation of diamond key) so that described super hard abrasive is the most thermally-stabilised.

Optionally, in addition, can be to some dew of the super hard abrasive of the embodiment of cutting element Go out surface (such as diamond table top 102,402 or 702) or all of super hard abrasive expose table Face is polished, to increase the smoothness on these surfaces, in order to reduce during drilling operation The earth formation material viscous to described surface.

The shape of the enhancing of cutting element described herein may be used in relatively hard lithostratigraphy In improve performance and the durability of cutting element when creeping into.Additionally, the shape of cutting element is permissible For providing the actual plus or minus back rake angle worked, and with cutting element, whether there is entity knot Plus or minus back rake angle on structure is unrelated.The shape of cutting element described herein can be arranged on Stock removal action of turning over is provided time on earth-boring tools and when being used for cutting subsurface formations.In other words, Supplementing or substituting as the cutting mechanism used by tradition shearing cutting element, described cutting unit Part can use crushing and/or Zao Jin mechanism to remove earth formation material.

Although the cutting element shown in Fig. 1 and 4 100 and 400 is intended to the side along cutting element (i.e. edge 111 or cutting surface 409) contacts the described surface of subsurface formations (by line 120 Represent), but described cutting element may be mounted in earth-boring tools so that the phase of cutting element To contacts side surfaces subsurface formations.Such as, as shown in Figure 2 B, surface 204(is corresponding in Fig. 1 Edge 111) or surface 206 can contact subsurface formations.Described back rake angle and/or angle of heel Can change, under surface 204 or 206 is configured to contiguously based on described back rake angle and/or angle of heel Stratum.Described cutting element 300,500 and 600 can be similarly configured.

The other non-limiting example embodiment of the present invention is described below.

Embodiment 1: a kind of cutting element, including the super hard abrasive of certain volume.This certain body Long-pending super hard abrasive include anterior cutting surface, end cutting surface, near anterior cutting surface and The cutting edge of the cross-shaped portion between end cutting surface, at anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface Between extend and with anterior cutting surface and the first lateral side surfaces of holding cutting surface all to intersect with And on the side relative with the first lateral side surfaces of cutting element, at anterior cutting surface Extend with between end cutting surface and with anterior cutting surface and hold cutting surface all to intersect second Lateral side surfaces.

Embodiment 2: according to the cutting element described in embodiment 1, wherein said cutting element At least it is substantially and is made up of the super hard abrasive of described certain volume.

Embodiment 3: according to the cutting element described in embodiment 1, also includes carbide matrix The end, the super hard abrasive of described certain volume is arranged on described cement carbide substrate.

Embodiment 4: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 3, wherein first Lateral side surfaces and the second lateral side surfaces all include concave surface.

Embodiment 5: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 3, wherein first Lateral side surfaces and the second lateral side surfaces all include the surface of substantially flat.

Embodiment 6: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 5, wherein said End cutting surface includes the surface of at least substantially flat.

Embodiment 7: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 5, wherein said End cutting surface includes protruding ground curved surface.

Embodiment 8: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 7, wherein said Anterior cutting surface includes the most smooth surface.

Embodiment 9: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 7, wherein said Anterior cutting surface includes protruding ground curved surface.

Embodiment 10: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 9, Qi Zhongsuo State cutting element and be substantially cylinder.

Embodiment 11: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 9, Qi Zhongsuo The super hard abrasive stating certain volume also includes at least one in following object: at cutting element The posterior face of at least substantially flat side on relative with anterior cutting surface；And institute State the bottom of at least substantially flat on the side relative with described end cutting surface of cutting element End surfaces.

Embodiment 12: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 1 to 3, Qi Zhongsuo State anterior cutting surface and include conical butt lateral side surfaces, and wherein said first and the Two lateral side surfaces include smooth the cutting sth. askew all intersected with anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface Surface.

Embodiment 13: a kind of cutting element for earth-boring tools, described cutting element includes: The super hard abrasive of certain volume.The super hard abrasive of this certain volume includes: anterior cutting surface； Posterior face on the side relative with described anterior cutting surface of cutting element；End-grain cutting is cut Surface；Bottom end table on the side relative with described end cutting surface of described cutting element Face；Cutting edge near the cross-shaped portion between described anterior cutting surface and described end cutting surface Edge；Extend between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface and with anterior cutting surface and end-grain cutting Cut the first lateral side surfaces that surface is all intersected；And cutting element with the first cross side table On the side that face is relative, extend between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface and with front portion The second lateral side surfaces that cutting surface and end cutting surface all intersect.Described anterior cutting surface Mean breadth less than the mean breadth of described posterior face.

Embodiment 14: according to the cutting element described in embodiment 13, wherein said front portion is cut Cut about percent 95(95% that the mean breadth on surface is the mean breadth of described posterior face) Or it is less.

Embodiment 15: according to the cutting element described in embodiment 13 or embodiment 14, its Described in anterior cutting surface at least substantially flat.

Embodiment 16: according to described cutting element arbitrary in embodiment 13 to 15, wherein First lateral side surfaces and the second lateral side surfaces all include curved surface.

Embodiment 17: a kind of earth-boring tools, including drill body be connected to drill body At least one cutting element.At least one cutting element described includes: anterior cutting surface；End Cutting surface；Cutting edge near the cross-shaped portion between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface； Extend between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface and cut table with anterior cutting surface and end-grain cutting The first lateral side surfaces that face is all intersected；And cutting element with the first lateral side surfaces phase To side on, extend between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface and cut with front portion The second lateral side surfaces that surface and end cutting surface all intersect.

Embodiment 18: according to the earth-boring tools described in embodiment 17, wherein said front portion is cut Cut at least in surface, end cutting surface, the first lateral side surfaces and the second lateral side surfaces Individual include curved surface.

Embodiment 19: a kind of method forming cutting element, including forming the super of certain volume Hard grind material.Formed the super hard abrasive of described certain volume include being formed close to anterior cutting surface with Hold the cutting edge of the cutting element of the cross-shaped portion between cutting surface, be formed at anterior cutting table Extend between face with end cutting surface and with anterior cutting surface and hold what cutting surface all intersected to cut Cut the first lateral side surfaces of element and be formed at cutting element with the first lateral side surfaces On relative side, extend between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface and cut with front portion Cut the second lateral side surfaces of the cutting element that surface is all intersected with end cutting surface.

Embodiment 20: according to the method described in embodiment 19, also includes being formed relative to cutting Cut the smooth end cutting surface that the longitudinal axis of element is orientated with acute angle.

Embodiment 21: according to the method described in embodiment 19 or embodiment 20, wherein shape The first lateral side surfaces and formation the second lateral side surfaces is become all to include forming curved surface.

Embodiment 22: a kind of method forming earth-boring tools, including formed cutting element and Described cutting element is connected to earth-boring tools.Formed before described cutting element includes being formed close to The cutting edge of cutting element of cross-shaped portion between portion's cutting surface and end cutting surface, formation Extend between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface and cut table with anterior cutting surface and end-grain cutting First lateral side surfaces of the cutting element that face is all intersected and be formed at cutting element with On the side that one lateral side surfaces is relative, prolong between anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface Second cross side table of the cutting element stretched and all intersect with anterior cutting surface and end cutting surface Face.

Embodiment 23: according to the method described in embodiment 22, wherein by described cutting element It is connected to earth-boring tools and includes that cutting element is connected to fixed cutter formula bores ground rotary drilling Head.

Although the present invention being described referring herein to some embodiment, but this area being general Logical technical staff is it will be appreciated that and will be appreciated that the present invention is not so to limit.But Without departing from can be to retouching here under the precursor as scope the most required for protection of the present invention The embodiment stated is made many interpolations, is deleted and revise.Additionally, come from an embodiment party The feature of formula can combine with the feature of another embodiment, and is still contained in as by this In the scope of the present invention that inventor considers.

Claims (12)

1. an earth-boring tools, including

Fixed cutter formula drill body, it has multiple scraper；With

At least one the cutting unit being connected on the scraper of described fixed cutter formula drill body Part, at least one cutting element described includes:

Side surface, wherein, the Part I of described side surface has smooth shape, and The Part II of described side surface has Frusto-conical shape；

Smooth end cutting surface, itself and the Part I of described side surface and Part II The most crossing；

Near between the Part I and described smooth end cutting surface of described side surface The cutting edge of cross-shaped portion；

At the Part I of described side surface, the Part II of described side surface and described Extend between smooth end cutting surface and with the Part I of described side surface, described side surface Part II and the first horizontal beveled surface of all intersecting of described smooth end cutting surface； And

On the side relative with the first horizontal beveled surface of cutting element second is horizontal Beveled surface, the described second horizontal beveled surface is also at the Part I, described of described side surface Between Part II and the described smooth end cutting surface of side surface extend and with described side table The Part I in face, the Part II of described side surface and described smooth end cutting surface are equal Intersect；

Wherein, at least one cutting element described is oriented: when described fixed cutter formula is bored Head body is when rotating in the wellbore, near described smooth end cutting surface and described side surface it Between the cutting edge of cross-shaped portion contact with the surface exposed of subsurface formations.

Earth-boring tools the most according to claim 1, at least one cutting element wherein said It is made up of the super hard abrasive of certain volume.

Earth-boring tools the most according to claim 1, also includes cement carbide substrate and cloth Put the super hard abrasive of certain volume on described cement carbide substrate.

4., according to described earth-boring tools arbitrary in Claim 1-3, wherein first the most tiltedly Cut surface and the second horizontal beveled surface all includes concave surface.

5., according to described earth-boring tools arbitrary in Claim 1-3, wherein first the most tiltedly Cut surface and the second horizontal beveled surface all includes flat surfaces.

Earth-boring tools the most according to claim 1, wherein said first and second the most tiltedly Cut at least one in surface and include curved surface.

7. according to described earth-boring tools arbitrary in Claim 1-3, wherein said side surface Include at least partially projection shape.

8. according to described earth-boring tools arbitrary in Claim 1-3, wherein said at least one Cutting element is cylindrical.

9. according to described earth-boring tools arbitrary in Claim 1-3, wherein said at least one Cutting element also includes at least one in following object: at least one cutting element described Smooth posterior face on the side relative with described side surface；And described at least one Smooth bottom end table on the side relative with described smooth end cutting surface of cutting element Face.

10. according to described earth-boring tools arbitrary in Claim 1-3, wherein said first He Second horizontal beveled surface includes all intersecting with described side surface and described smooth end cutting surface Smooth beveled surface.

11. earth-boring tools according to claim 1, wherein said smooth end cutting surface phase The longitudinal axis at least one cutting element described orients with the acute angle being less than 90 degree more than 0 degree.

12. earth-boring tools according to claim 1, wherein said smooth end cutting surface The most discontinuous with the described first and second horizontal beveled surface.