CN102930862A - Z-direction enhanced underwater sound absorption sandwich composite material and preparation method for same - Google Patents
Z-direction enhanced underwater sound absorption sandwich composite material and preparation method for same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102930862A CN102930862A CN2012103686659A CN201210368665A CN102930862A CN 102930862 A CN102930862 A CN 102930862A CN 2012103686659 A CN2012103686659 A CN 2012103686659A CN 201210368665 A CN201210368665 A CN 201210368665A CN 102930862 A CN102930862 A CN 102930862A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Z-direction enhanced underwater sound absorption sandwich composite material and a preparation method for the same. The composite material comprises composite material panels, a sound absorption core material and enhancement structures, wherein the enhancement structures are arranged in the thickness direction of the sound absorption core material, namely a Z direction, between the upper and lower panels. The whole structure of the Z-direction enhanced underwater sound absorption sandwich composite material is formed by a vacuum assisted forming process. Compared with an ordinary sound absorption sandwich composite material, the Z-direction enhanced underwater sound absorption sandwich composite material has the advantages that flat compression strength is greatly strengthened, a compression modulus is improved by more than one order of magnitude, bending rigidity is doubled, sound absorption performance is improved by 10 to 85 percent, and sound absorption performance under high water pressure is improved by 50 to 85 percent; and the forming process has the advantages of high operability, high quality consistency, suitability for the formation of a large-sized composite material component, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underwater sound absorption composite technology, particularly a kind of Z-direction strengthens underwater sound absorption core filled composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, a kind of employing is fiber reinforced resin based to provide a kind of Z-direction to strengthen underwater sound absorption core filled composite material and preparation method thereof again, solve existing underwater sound absorption core filled composite material and can't take into account the problem of structural bearing performance and sound absorbing capabilities fully, the high structural bearing performance of realization underwater sound absorption compound substance and the integrated condensation material of high acoustic absorption performance are as panel, adopt rubber, polyurethane, the elastic bodys such as flexible-epoxy are the sound absorption core, have structural bearing and the integrated sandwich structure composite material of sound absorption, substituting gradually the sound absorption structure of original " steel+anechoic coatings ", realize loss of weight, stealthy, erosion-resisting comprehensive purpose becomes one of important development trend of following underwater sound absorption structure.
Possess structural bearing and the integrated underwater sound absorption structure of sound absorption, must possess enough rigidity, hydraulic pressure resistance ability and excellent sound absorbing capabilities, the height of these performances depends primarily on sandwich layer, as the strength and modulus that improves sandwich layer then can the Effective Raise sandwich structure rigidity, hydraulic pressure resistance ability, the strength and modulus that reduces sandwich layer then is conducive to improve dissipation factor, and then improves the sound absorbing capabilities of sandwich structure.Obviously, the sound absorbing capabilities that improves simultaneously the rigidity, hydraulic pressure resistance ability of sound absorption structure and improve sound absorption structure is contradiction.Use watertight material protection because the edge of sound absorption structure is convenient, and very limited on the sound absorbing capabilities impact, hydraulic pressure can be ignored on the impact of the side of sound absorption structure, so the focus of contradiction concentrates on the thickness direction (Z-direction) of sound absorption structure.
For above problem, scholars have carried out a large amount of research in recent years.Modal method has three kinds; The one, in order to take into account structural behaviour and sound absorbing capabilities, in the process of design and preparation structural bearing and the integrated sandwich structure composite material of sound absorption, structural mechanical property and the sound absorbing capabilities of simultaneously loss part, this method has caused obtaining sound absorption structure under high performance structural carrying and the sound absorption integrated water, has limited the usable range of this structure; The 2nd, there is metallic framework, and the length of metallic framework and width are during less than 300mm, come the integrated of implementation structure carrying and sound absorption by the thickness, the modulus that improve compound substance, this method has obvious limitation, and the thickness increase of compound substance can reduce sound absorbing capabilities to a certain extent; The 3rd, in sound absorption structure, increase the compound substance skeleton, as having mentioned the method in the document " experimental study of the stealthy sandwich composite structure of underwateracoustic acoustic characteristic ", although this method is conducive to improve anti-pressure ability and the integrally-built rigidity of Z-direction, but technique is loaded down with trivial details, be difficult to engineering and use, especially to curved-surface structure, in addition, the compound substance skeleton can increase considerably the weight of sound absorption structure, is unfavorable for the maneuverability of loss of weight and raising submarine navigation device.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of Z-direction and strengthens underwater sound absorption core filled composite material and preparation method thereof, solve existing underwater sound absorption core filled composite material and can't take into account the problem of structural bearing performance and sound absorbing capabilities fully, realize that high structural bearing performance and the high acoustic absorption performance of underwater sound absorption compound substance is integrated.
For the purpose that realizes solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
Z-direction of the present invention strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material, comprise composite material face, sound absorption core and in the above between plate and the lower panel, the thickness direction of sound absorption sandwich layer is the enhancing structure that Z-direction arranges, the one-piece construction of Z-direction enhancement mode underwater sound absorption core filled composite material adopts the vacuum assistant resin infused moulding; Described panel is divided into top panel and lower panel, they are fabric and strengthen polymer matrix composites, its reinforcing material is first-selected but be not limited only to the hybrid fabrics of S glass fabric or carbon fiber and S glass fibre, and fabric construction includes but are not limited to plain, twill, satin and multi-axial tricot; Resin matrix is epoxy resin or the vinylite that viscosity is lower than 800mPas, and amine curing agent is adopted in the curing of epoxy resin; Vinylite adopts superoxide, cobalt ions promoter curing system; The fibre weight content of top panel and lower panel is 50～65%; Strengthen structure and include but are not limited to fibre reinforced composites post, titanium bar (pin), stainless steel (pin); Described sound absorption sandwich layer is elastomeric material, includes but are not limited to rubber, polyurethane, flexible-epoxy material.
The elastomeric material of described sound absorption sandwich layer includes but are not limited to the homogeneous material of solid homogeneous material, solid impedance transition mechanism functionally gradient material (FGM), built-in difformity operatic tunes structure and the impedance transition mechanism functionally gradient material (FGM) of built-in difformity operatic tunes structure.
Described sound absorption sandwich layer core upper surface and lower surface are equipped with unidirectional groove, and the groove cross section is semicircle, rectangle, triangle, and spacing is 10 mm～60mm.Groove can be to reserve in the moulding of sound absorption sandwich layer, also can adopt machine-tooled method to obtain after the moulding.
Preferred enhancing structure is the fibre reinforced composites post, the first-selected continuous fiber of the reinforcing material of composite wood stock column, the inferior chopped strand that selects, the fortifying fibre of applicable this patent includes but are not limited to glass fibre, carbon fiber, Kafra fiber, superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers and basalt fibre, and resin matrix is consistent with the matrix of composite material face.
Described enhancing structure is that dot matrix distributes, and distribution form includes but are not limited to rectangle, rhombus, strengthens the cross section circular of structure, and its diameter is 2mm～10mm, and spacing is 10mm～60mm.
The forming method that the described Z-direction of this patent strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material comprises successively:
(1) sound absorption sandwich layer preformed: rubber matrix sound absorption sandwich layer adopts the mould pressing process moulding; The sound absorption sandwich layer has the groove of reservation or through hole is arranged; Polyurethane, flexible-epoxy matrix sound absorption sandwich layer adopt the pouring forming technology moulding, after curing, the demoulding, repair;
(2) machine drilling: for for being reserved with the sound absorption sandwich layer of through hole, according to the hole distribution of design, in the groove of sound absorption sandwich layer, adopt the method for machine drilling to open the hole, the diameter in hole is 2mm～10mm;
(3) technique of entrying of sound absorption sandwich layer: drive the continuous fiber tow by the through hole of sound absorption sandwich layer with draw point, make fibre bundle be full of each through hole and groove on the sound absorption sandwich layer;
(4) embed titanium bar or stainless steel in the sound absorption sandwich layer: this step is the alternative steps of step (3), by smearing structure glue on titanium bar or stainless steel, it is embedded in the through hole of sound absorption sandwich layer, solidifies finishing;
(5) integrally-built vacuum assistant resin infused moulding: this step is vacuum assistant resin infused, technological process comprises cutting and dried fibres fabric, prepares release cloth, flow-guiding cloth, pitch tube, vacuum tube, vacuum bag film, spread the fabric that covers lower panel, lay the sound absorption sandwich layer, spread the fabric that is covered with panel, arrange release cloth and flow-guiding cloth, lay pitch tube and vacuum tube, employing vacuum bag film and sealant tape sealing, batching and bubble removing, perfusion resin, curing under the vacuum condition.This moulding process is that with the difference of general vacuum assistant resin infused the length of flow-guiding cloth is by the size decision of groove.
By adopting technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Z-direction of the present invention strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material and compares with existing underwater sound absorption core filled composite material, flat crushing strength increases substantially, modulus in compression has improved one more than the order of magnitude, bending stiffness is doubled, sound absorbing capabilities improves 10～85%, especially the sound absorbing capabilities under the high hydraulic pressure has improved 50～85%, solve existing underwater sound absorption compound substance and can't take into account the problem of structural bearing performance and sound absorbing capabilities fully, realized the integrated of high structural bearing performance and high acoustic absorption performance.
The preparation method that Z-direction strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material has workable, the advantages such as quality conformance good, suitable large-scale composite material molding component, can be used for the construction that submarine navigation device is used the acoustic absorption composite material member.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that Z-direction strengthens one of underwater sound absorption core filled composite material beam, plate, hull structure component schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 be Z-direction strengthen underwater sound absorption core filled composite material beam, plate, hull structure component schematic diagram two.
Fig. 3 is the enhancing structure of the Z-direction of sound absorption sandwich layer and the groove schematic diagram on surface.
Fig. 4 is among the embodiment 1, the Sound absorbing spectrum of two kinds of underwater sound absorption core filled composite materials under normal pressure.
Fig. 5 is among the embodiment 1, the Sound absorbing spectrum of two kinds of underwater sound absorption core filled composite materials under 3.0MPa.
Fig. 6 is among the embodiment 1, the Sound absorbing spectrum of two kinds of underwater sound absorption core filled composite materials under 4.5MPa.
In the accompanying drawing: 1 is composite material face, comprises fiberglass panel, carbon fiber panel, assorted fibre panel etc.; 2 for the sound absorption core, comprises rubber sound absorption material, polyurethane sound absorption material, flexible-epoxy acoustic absorbant etc.; 3 for strengthening structure, comprises the titanium bar (pin), stainless steel (pin) of fibre reinforced composites post, seawater corrosion resistance etc.; 4 is groove, comprises square-section groove, semi-circular cross-section groove, open-delta section grooves etc.; 5 is the Sound absorbing spectrum of general sandwich structure acoustic absorption composite material; 6 Sound absorbing spectrums for Z-direction enhancing underwater sound absorption core filled composite material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing this patent is further explained.But the protection domain of this patent is not limited to concrete embodiment.
Embodiment one
Z-direction in the present embodiment strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material, it by the glass fibre reinforced composion upper and lower panel, absorb sound sandwich layer and the glass fibre reinforced composion post that is arranged between the upper and lower panel consists of.The prescription of top panel and lower panel is: matrix resin SWANCOR901-200 is 3.0kg, hardening agent is that MEKP is 0.06kg, and promoter naphthoic acid cobalt 0.009kg, fortifying fibre are the S2 twills, fibre weight content 60～62% is of a size of 500mm х 500mm х 5mm; Sound absorption sandwich layer prescription is: epoxy resin-base be 6kg(wherein E51 be 2.4kg, 6350 is 3.6kg), filler is wherein glass flake 1.2kg of 2.4kg(, vermiculite power 0.6kg, semi-reinforcing hydrocarbon black 0.3kg, white carbon 0.3kg), epoxy hardener 5784 is 2.4kg, and coupling agent KH550 is 0.06kg, and sandwich layer is of a size of 500mm х 500mm х 40mm, core upper surface and lower surface are equipped with unidirectional groove, flute pitch is 20mm, and recess width is 5mm, and the degree of depth is 2mm, thickness direction along core is provided with circular perforations, the perforation quadrature is vertically arranged Kong Zhongwei compound substance cylinder, its prescription is: matrix resin SWANCOR901-200 is 3.0kg, hardening agent is that MEKP is 0.06kg, and promoter naphthoic acid cobalt 0.009kg, fortifying fibre are the E glass fibre yarn bundle of 10000 Tex, fibre weight content is 50%, and diameter is 5mm.
It is as follows that Z-direction in the present embodiment strengthens underwater sound absorption core filled composite material forming method:
(1) flexible epoxy of modification sound absorption sandwich layer preformed.By the said ratio weighing raw materials, add successively matrix resin, filler, coupling agent, hardening agent, mix, bubble removing, be poured in the mould of getting ready, curing, the demoulding, finishing.The groove that sound absorption sandwich layer after the demoulding has design to reserve.
(2) machine drilling.In the groove of sound absorption sandwich layer, adopt the method for machine drilling to open the hole, the diameter in hole is 5mm, spacing 20mm.
(3) technique of entrying of sound absorption sandwich layer.Adopt custom-designed draw point, drive the continuous fiber tow by the through hole of sound absorption sandwich layer, make fibre bundle be full of each through hole and groove on the sound absorption sandwich layer.
(4) integrally-built vacuum assistant resin infused moulding.Technological process comprises cutting and dried fibres fabric, prepare the auxiliary materials of using such as release cloth, flow-guiding cloth, pitch tube, vacuum tube, vacuum bag film, the fabric of lower panel is covered in the shop, lay the sound absorption sandwich layer, the shop is covered with the fabric of panel, arranges release cloth and flow-guiding cloth, lays pitch tube and vacuum tube, employing vacuum bag film and sealant tape sealing, batching and bubble removing, the processes such as perfusion resin, curing under the vacuum condition.
The structural behaviour that the Z-direction that obtains in the present embodiment strengthens underwater sound absorption core filled composite material and the sandwich structure composite material of generally taking into account structural bearing and sound absorption is to such as table 1, and the underwater sound absorption performance is respectively such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6.
The structural behaviour contrast of the general sandwich structure acoustic absorption composite material of table 1 and the embodiment of the invention one technology
| The contrast project | Flat crushing strength | Modulus in compression | Bending stiffness |
| Generally take into account the sandwich structure composite material of structural bearing and sound absorption | Flat crushing strength under 10% deflection is 3.1MPa | 33MPa | 5.7E+8 N/mm 2 |
| The material of preparation among the embodiment one | Flat crushing strength under 2% deflection is 6MPa | 400MPa | 1.2E+9 N/mm 2 |
There are table 1, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to know, compare the sandwich structure composite material of generally taking into account structural bearing and sound absorption, the flat crushing strength of Z-direction enhancement mode underwater sound absorption core filled composite material of the present invention increases substantially, modulus in compression has improved more than the order of magnitude, bending stiffness is doubled, in 2kHz～30kHz scope, sound absorbing capabilities improves under 20%, the 3.0MPa hydraulic pressure sound absorbing capabilities and has improved approximately 54% under the normal pressure, and sound absorbing capabilities has improved approximately 83% under the 4.5MPa hydraulic pressure.
Embodiment two
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment one sandwich layer that is to absorb sound is polyurethane elastomer material, and other compositions, version, preparation method are identical with embodiment one.
Structural behaviour in the present embodiment is consistent with increase rate and the embodiment one of underwater sound absorption performance.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment and embodiment one or twos' the difference sandwich layer that is to absorb sound is synthetic rubber, and the moulding process of rubber sound absorption material is die press technology for forming.Other compositions, version, preparation method are identical with embodiment one or two.
Claims (8)
1. a Z-direction strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material, it is characterized in that: comprise composite material face, sound absorption core and in the above between plate and the lower panel, the thickness direction of sound absorption sandwich layer is the enhancing structure that Z-direction arranges, the one-piece construction of Z-direction enhancement mode underwater sound absorption core filled composite material adopts the vacuum assistant resin infused moulding; Described panel is divided into top panel and lower panel, they are the high-performance fiber fabric and strengthen polymer matrix composites, its reinforcing material reinforcing material is first-selected but be not limited only to the hybrid fabrics of S glass fabric or carbon fiber and S glass fibre, and fabric construction is plain, twill, satin or multi-axial tricot; Resin matrix is epoxy resin or the vinylite that viscosity is lower than 800mPas, and amine curing agent is adopted in the curing of epoxy resin; Vinylite adopts superoxide, cobalt ions promoter curing system; The fibre weight content of top panel and lower panel is 50～65%; Strengthen structure and be dimension reinforced composite post, titanium bar (pin), stainless steel (pin); Described sound absorption sandwich layer is elastomeric material.
2. described Z-direction strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: the elastomeric material of described sound absorption sandwich layer is rubber, polyurethane, flexible-epoxy material.
3. described Z-direction strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: the elastomeric material of described sound absorption sandwich layer is the homogeneous material of solid homogeneous material, solid impedance transition mechanism functionally gradient material (FGM), built-in difformity operatic tunes structure and the impedance transition mechanism functionally gradient material (FGM) of built-in difformity operatic tunes structure.
4. described Z-direction strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: described sound absorption sandwich layer core upper surface and lower surface are equipped with unidirectional groove, and the groove cross section is semicircle, rectangle, triangle, and spacing is 10 mm～60mm; Groove perhaps adopts machine-tooled method to obtain for being to reserve in the moulding of sound absorption sandwich layer after the moulding.
5. described Z-direction strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: described enhancing structure is the fibre reinforced composites post, and the reinforcing material of composite wood stock column is continuous fiber or chopped strand.
6. described Z-direction strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described fortifying fibre is glass fibre, carbon fiber, Kafra fiber, superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers and basalt fibre, and resin matrix is consistent with the matrix of composite material face.
7. described Z-direction strengthens the underwater sound absorption core filled composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described enhancing structure is that dot matrix distributes, and distribution form is rectangle or rhombus, and the cross section that strengthens structure is circular, its diameter is 2mm～10mm, and spacing is 10mm～60mm.
8. the described Z-direction of a claim 1 strengthens the forming method of underwater sound absorption core filled composite material, and it is characterized in that: forming method comprises successively:
(1) sound absorption sandwich layer preformed: rubber matrix sound absorption sandwich layer adopts the mould pressing process moulding; The sound absorption sandwich layer has the groove of reservation or through hole is arranged; Polyurethane, flexible-epoxy matrix sound absorption sandwich layer adopt the pouring forming technology moulding, after curing, the demoulding, repair;
(2) machine drilling: for for being reserved with the sound absorption sandwich layer of through hole, according to the hole distribution of design, in the groove of sound absorption sandwich layer, adopt the method for machine drilling to open the hole, the diameter in hole is 2mm～10mm;
(3) technique of entrying of sound absorption sandwich layer: drive the continuous fiber tow by the through hole of sound absorption sandwich layer with draw point, make fibre bundle be full of each through hole and groove on the sound absorption sandwich layer;
(4) embed titanium bar or stainless steel in the sound absorption sandwich layer: this step is the alternative steps of step (3), by smearing structure glue on titanium bar or stainless steel, it is embedded in the through hole of sound absorption sandwich layer, solidifies finishing;
(5) integrally-built vacuum assistant resin infused moulding: this step is vacuum assistant resin infused, technological process comprises cutting and dried fibres fabric, prepares release cloth, flow-guiding cloth, pitch tube, vacuum tube, vacuum bag film, spread the fabric that covers lower panel, lay the sound absorption sandwich layer, spread the fabric that is covered with panel, arrange release cloth and flow-guiding cloth, lay pitch tube and vacuum tube, employing vacuum bag film and sealant tape sealing, batching and bubble removing, perfusion resin, curing under the vacuum condition.
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| CN104070717A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-01 | 赤峰恒裕型钢有限公司 | Color-steel sandwich plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104616647A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-13 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 | Composite sound absorption structure |
| CN104616648A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-13 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 | Composite sound absorption plate |
| CN106626435A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-10 | 中国民用航空总局第二研究所 | Foam sandwich composite material for aviation dining car and preparation method of foam sandwich composite material |
| CN108051820A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-18 | 武汉长江航道救助打捞局 | A kind of sound identification item and the method for arranging quality testing under water using sound identification item progress |
| CN108492814A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-04 | 贵州大学 | A kind of combination cavity type acoustic stimulation based on impedance transition mechanism type |
| CN108520739A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-11 | 贵州大学 | A kind of impedance transition mechanism type acoustic stimulation based on locally resonant principle |
| CN110176224A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of pyramid dot matrix enhancing cavity type underwater sound absorption structure |
| CN110288971A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of right cylinder type dot matrix enhancing locally resonant type underwater sound absorption structure |
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| CN104070717A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-01 | 赤峰恒裕型钢有限公司 | Color-steel sandwich plate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108051820A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-18 | 武汉长江航道救助打捞局 | A kind of sound identification item and the method for arranging quality testing under water using sound identification item progress |
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| CN108520739A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-11 | 贵州大学 | A kind of impedance transition mechanism type acoustic stimulation based on locally resonant principle |
| CN110176224A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of pyramid dot matrix enhancing cavity type underwater sound absorption structure |
| CN110288971A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of right cylinder type dot matrix enhancing locally resonant type underwater sound absorption structure |
| CN110176224B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2021-07-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Pyramid-shaped lattice reinforced cavity type underwater sound absorption structure |
| CN110288971B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2022-03-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Straight column type lattice enhanced local resonance underwater sound absorption structure |
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