CN102930748A - Method of monitoring aircraft state through ACARS (Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System) data chain - Google Patents
Method of monitoring aircraft state through ACARS (Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System) data chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of monitoring an aircraft state through an ACARS (Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System) data chain. An aircraft state monitoring application module is arranged in a communication management unit (CMU) in a software form under a system structure of using the CMU as an onboard ACARS data chain application terminal. The aircraft state monitoring application module sequentially executes the following four operations of aircraft information processing, message encapsulating, data compressing and information encoding so as to generate an aircraft state monitoring report. A data chain application module provides application services such as airline operational communication (AOC), aeronautical administrative communication (AAC) and air traffic service (ATS), and the data chain application module can manually and automatically generate an application report. An ACARS protocol module encapsulates the application report from the data chain application module and the aircraft state monitoring report from the aircraft state monitoring application module to ACARS messages and sends the ACARS messages to a communication subnet interface module. The communication subnet interface module of the communication management unit is connected with a plurality of very-high-frequency VDRs (Video Disk Recorder), satellite data units (SDU) and a plurality of short-wave HFDRs. By means of the method, a ground terminal can recover the flight process of an aircraft according to the received aircraft state monitoring report so as to monitor the aircraft state and remotely diagnose failures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aviation very high frequency(VHF) Data-Link field, provide aircraft state to monitor the method for real time monitoring flight status and failure message by the ACARS Data-Link.
Background technology
The aircraft communication addressing reporting system (ACARS) that is widely used in the world at present aircraft and ground system data communication be a kind of based on very high frequency(VHF), defend Ground-to-Air Data Link system logical, HF Data Communication, based on the ACARS Data-Link of character in introducing civil aviaton field in 1978.By means of the ACARS Data-Link, pass to the ground-based computer network under the data of aircraft computer system energy is automatic or manual, make aircraft become the part of ground control, commander and management system.The advantage of ACARS Data-Link is: accuracy is high, antijamming capability is strong, possess can with automated system coordinated development etc., can effectively solve Speech Communication speed slowly, easily make mistakes, many limit information and the restricted shortcoming of class of business.Make the empty data communication of land used carry out aircraft operation control, can improve airline's safety and operation management level, reach the purpose of safe critical point reach.
At present, in the world more airline with the realization means of the Ground-to-Air Data Link technology such as ACARS as important service such as flight operation control and service, aircraft/engine remote status surveillance and fault diagnosis, ground service.Boeing, Air Passenger, ARINC, SITA, Honeywell, Collins etc. develop all many-sided automated information disposal systems such as airline's application, air traffic control and service application, coming into operation of these automated information disposal systems, saved great amount of cost for the integral body operation of airline on the one hand, improved the work efficiency of airline and air traffic control service, improve on the other hand the day utilization factor and flight safety supportability of aircraft, improved customer service quality.
Yet prior art is applied to fly, and operation is controlled and the ACARS Data-Link system of status surveillance, also has the weak point of two aspects:
The one, effective transfer rate is low, and quantity of information is few.The transfer rate of ACARS Data-Link is to be 2.4kbps, and wall scroll ACARS downstream message can transmit the information of 210 bytes, and these information are based on character, and the effective information that comprises is few, can only transmit a small amount of aircraft state information by the ACARS Data-Link.
The 2nd, real-time is not high.The position message of aircraft operation communication service and the weather forecast that the aircraft meteorological data passes down service have comprised part aircraft flight and status information, but both other cycle reports of minute level, real-time is not high.The information such as automatic dependent surveillance report that the air traffic service provides are limited, and aircraft-position information only is provided, and can not satisfy the needs that aircraft state monitors.
The at present various application of ACARS Data-Link are relatively independent, both do not monitored aircraft real-time flight state, can gather again the application of aircraft system status information and warning information, application process provided by the invention can simultaneously compatible above-mentioned several application demands, use simultaneously the ACARS Data-Link of low speed also can satisfy the requirement of data volume.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art part, provide a kind of and realize that by the ACARS Data-Link aircraft state monitors the new method of using, monitor to use referred to as aircraft state, reside in the equipment of airborne data link application terminal with the form of software module.This method forms aircraft state supervision report with flight parameter and the system state warning information of aircraft, is transferred to the terminal applies department of ground system by the ACARS Data-Link, realizes the function that aircraft state monitors.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be processed by airplane information, message encapsulation, data compression and four measures of information coding reach.A kind of method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: under the system architecture of communications management unit as airborne ACARS Data-Link application terminal, aircraft state monitors that application module resides in the communications management unit with software form; Aircraft state supervision application module is sequentially carried out airplane information processing, message encapsulation, data compression and four operations of information coding, produces aircraft state and monitors report; The Data-Link application module provides the application services such as aviation operation communication, aviation supervisory communications and air traffic service, manually and automatically produces application report; The ACARS protocol module will be from the application report of Data-Link application module, and monitors that from aircraft state the aircraft state of application module monitors that report is packaged into ACARS message, sends to the communication subnet interface module.The communication subnet interface module of communications management unit connects a very high frequency(VHF) number VDR, satellite data cell S DU and a shortwave number HFDR by the ARINC429 bus.
Airplane information processing, message encapsulation, data compression and information coding comprise:
(1) airplane information is processed: aircraft state monitors various flight parameters, system state and the warning information that application module obtains from aircraft system, convert the resolution that ground requires to, according to predefined data layout one-tenth bit data flow arranged sequentially, form the sampling point information in the single moment, enter subsequently the message encapsulation process;
(2) message encapsulation: aircraft state supervision application module is with the state of flight sampling point information in a plurality of moment of airplane information processing procedure generation, and group is bundled into an aircraft state message, and encapsulation is saved in the buffer memory, enters subsequently data compression process;
(3) data compression: aircraft state monitors that application module adopts compression algorithm to carry out data compression to the aircraft state message of buffer memory in the message encapsulation process, enters the information coding process subsequently.
(4) information coding: aircraft state monitors that the Bit data after the application module compressing data carries out the bit character conversion, take front 210 characters of this character data, the aircraft state that forms is monitored descending report, send into the ACARS protocol module and be packaged into standard A CARS information and sending, carry out aircraft state for ground system and monitor and remote fault diagnosis.
The present invention has following beneficial effect than having now based on the application service of ACARS Data-Link realization aircraft state supervision:
Airplane information is processed aircraft flight parameter, system state and the warning information that will obtain and is changed according to the data layout of configuration, the message encapsulation is encapsulated into aircraft flight and the status information of a plurality of moment samplings in the aircraft state message, then carry out data compression by compression algorithm, Bit data after information coding will compress converts the character style that satisfies ACARS Data-Link transmission requirement to, forms aircraft state and monitors report.What aircraft state supervision report energy was real-time is issued to ground with aircraft state information, carries out aircraft state for ground system and monitors and remote fault diagnosis.All flight parameters, system state and warning information all are bit-oriented, have improved information capacity.After passing through information coding simultaneously, can transmit by the ACARS datalink network again, avoid the low problem of ACARS Data-Link transfer rate.
Data compression process has further improved the data capacity of aircraft state message, in the situation that sampling interval is fixing, can collect more sampled point, and real-time is higher.
Aircraft state monitors concrete flight parameter, system state and warning information in the report, can configure according to user's request.The user can only choose the data of care, in the situation that information capacity and sampling interval are fixing, can collect more sampled point, and real-time is higher, has embodied the dirigibility of using.
Sampling interval for aircraft state information is configurable, has embodied the dirigibility of using.
By the present invention, ground based terminal department can monitor report according to the aircraft state that receives, real-time reduction aircraft flight process, understand in real time the flight parameter of each moment aircraft and state and the pattern of each system, in addition, according to the system failure and warning information, pre-cooling guarantee and maintenance measures, can improve the day utilization factor and flight safety supportability of aircraft, improve customer service quality.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is monitored that by the ACARS Data-Link method of aircraft state further specifies.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of software module of the present invention in communications management unit equipment.
Fig. 2 is treatment scheme of the present invention and message format schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is software flow pattern of the present invention.
Embodiment
Consult Fig. 1.Under the system architecture of communications management unit as airborne ACARS Data-Link application terminal, the Data-Link application module resides in the communications management unit with software form.Aircraft state supervision application module is sequentially carried out airplane information processing, message encapsulation, data compression and four operations of information coding, produces aircraft state and monitors report.The Data-Link application module provides the application services such as aviation operation communication, aviation supervisory communications and air traffic service, can manual and automatically produce application report.The ACARS protocol module is finished ACARS Message Processing and link management, on the one hand will be from the application report of Data-Link application module, and monitor that from aircraft state the aircraft state of application module monitors that report is packaged into ACARS message, send to the communication subnet interface module, will pass to the Data-Link application module from the up ACARS message that the communication subnet interface module is obtained on the other hand and process.Communications management unit is connected by the ARINC429 bus by communication subnet interface module and very high frequency(VHF) number, satellite data unit and shortwave number.
Aircraft state provided by the invention monitor use communicate by letter with the aviation operation, aviation supervisory communications and air traffic serve application class seemingly, reside in the Data-Link application module.The aircraft state supervision application module of communications management unit is sequentially carried out airplane information processing, message encapsulation, data compression and four steps of information coding.Aircraft state monitors that various flight parameters, system state and warning information that application module at first obtains from aircraft system convert the resolution that ground requires to, for active data, according to predefined data layout one-tenth bit data flow arranged sequentially, form the sampling point information in the single moment; Sampling interval according to configuration is obtained a plurality of aircraft state sampling point informations, and obtain the aircraft state sampled point that the airplane information processing procedure forms according to the sampling interval of configuration, the sampling point information group in a plurality of moment is bundled into an aircraft state message carries out the message encapsulation; To the aircraft state message of buffer memory in the message encapsulation process, use pre-configured data compression algorithm that this aircraft state message is carried out data compression; Then enter the information coding program, Bit data after the compression is carried out the character bits switch, convert the character data that satisfies ACARS Data-Link transmission requirement to, and front 210 characters of taking this character data form aircraft state and monitor descending report, send into the transmit queue of ACARS messaging protocol.At last this aircraft state is monitored that descending report sends into ACARS messaging protocol module and do next step processing.
The aircraft state information of the single sampled point that uses during airplane information is processed is divided into four parts, is respectively flight parameter field, system state field, warning information field and end mark; Sampling time interval monitors the parameter of using as aircraft state, can be configured and manually arrange.The flight parameter field of single sampled point aircraft state information is filled in the flight parameter information that obtains from each system of aircraft, configurablely selects all or part of flight parameter; Flight parameter comprises, data acquisition time, longitude, latitude, barometer altitude, radio altitude, the angle of pitch, roll angle, course, flight-path angle, vertical speed, ground velocity, true air speed, wind direction, wind speed, stagnation temperature, static temperature, Fuel Remained, estimated time of arrival (ETA) etc.
The airplane information processing procedure at first calculates required bit number according to effective range, the resolution of each flight parameter, and the aircraft parameter of selecting is arranged in bit data flow in order inserts the flight parameter field.The system state field of single sampled point aircraft state information is filled in the aircraft state information that obtains from each system of aircraft, comprise the guard system state that flies, telex system state, inertial system state, atmospheric engine state, hydraulic system state, engine parameter, direct current AC power state, undercarriage state, wheel load state, flap slat angle and state, the horizontal stabilizer degree of bias and yaw rudder trim position etc.Also can go out required bit number according to mode of operation and the state computation of each system, and be arranged in order bit data flow and insert the system state field.The alarm code of the warning information of current appearance should be inserted in the warning information field of single sampled point aircraft state information, and the alarm code number is variable.Alarm code is the numerical coding that all warning information that aircraft defines are carried out, certain warning information of representative that can be unique.The end mark of single sampled point aircraft state information is positioned at the information end, and the shared bit number of end mark is identical with the shared bit number of each alarm code; Each bit of end mark is 1, and it is identical with end mark that alarm code numerical value should be avoided.
The aircraft state information that the message encapsulation process is about to current time is placed on before the sampled point aircraft state information before.The aircraft state information of a plurality of sampled points is common to form a bag aircraft state message, and is kept in the buffer memory of communications management unit.Nearer sampling point information of time is more forward.
Data compression process usage data compression algorithm is carried out data compression to the aircraft state message that comprises a plurality of sampling point informations, compression algorithm comprises the lossless data compression algorithms such as dynamic markov compression algorithm, DEFLATE algorithm, specifically selects which kind of compression algorithm configurable.Data compression process is option, also can not carry out data compression and directly aircraft state message be sent into the information coding process.
The information coding process is namely carried out information coding to the data after the compression, is character style with aircraft state message from the bit stream formal transformation.The information coding table that the information coding process is used derives from ASCII(ISO#5) coding schedule, can selecting wherein, 64 characters form coding schedule.If the message-length after the conversion, is then waited for next sampling instant still less than 210 bytes and is reentered the airplane information processing procedure when arriving.If the message-length after the conversion equals or exceeds 210 bytes, then the message behind the information coding is monitored the text of report as aircraft state, automatically the aircraft state that produces 210 bytes monitors report, send into the transmit queue of ACARS messaging protocol module, and empty the aircraft state message of buffer memory, carry out the transmission of ACARS message.The ACARS messaging protocol is filled in user-defined label in the ACARS header, show that this is that an aircraft state monitors report, and send by very high frequency(VHF), Wei Tong or short wave communication subnet.
Consult Fig. 2.Each sampling interval is obtained the flight parameters such as sampling time, longitude and latitude, height from aircraft system, and the system status information such as hydraulic state, engine condition.According to configuring condition, determine to use which flight parameter, the method for expressing of every parameter, resolution and shared bit form the flight parameter form of set form, put into the flight parameter field of single sampled point according to bit-order.Obtain state and the pattern of each system, put into the system state field of single sampled point according to bit-order; If the current warning information that exists is then put into alarm code information the warning information field of single sampled point in order; Fill at last end mark, represent the end of the aircraft state information of single sampled point, end mark also is the sign of distinguishing between two sampled points simultaneously.
Form the aircraft state information of single sampled point by the airplane information processing procedure after, the aircraft state message of preserving before from buffer memory, taking out, the aircraft state information of sampled point before wherein comprising.The aircraft state information of current sampling point and the aircraft state message of buffer memory are common to form new aircraft state message, and preserves new aircraft state message.Time is more forward the closer to the position of sampled point in aircraft state message of current time.
According to configuring condition, if the data compression option is chosen, then choose dynamic markov compression algorithm aircraft state message is carried out data compression.Dynamically the markov compression algorithm is the combination of the arithmetic coding algorithm of the first Markov model and Guazzo.Have two kinds and optimize grade, the airborne equipment data storage resource is limited, chooses and optimizes grade 0.Carrying out next step information coding after data compression is finished processes.If do not select the data compression measure, then directly aircraft state message is sent into information coding and process.
Information coding will become based on the message conversion of bit the message based on character.The reference information coding schedule carries out conversion operations to the whole bit data flow of aircraft state message, and the information of per 6 bits converts a character to, if last 6 bits of less than then add " 0 ".
After information coding is finished, if 210 bytes of message-length less than, then withdraw from processing procedure, if message-length equals or exceeds 210 bytes, the information that then intercepts front 210 bytes forms the body matter that aircraft state monitors report, and send into the transmit queue of ACARS messaging protocol, the ACARS downstream message that generates standard format according to the requirement of ACARS messaging protocol sends by the VHF/SATCOM/HF medium.
Consult Fig. 3.Aircraft state monitors that the each time processing procedure of application module all monitors that by aircraft state application module sampling timer triggers.The sampling timer namely enters processing procedure to after date, aircraft state monitors various flight parameters, system state and the warning information that application module at first obtains from aircraft system, and enter the aircraft state information process, according to message format each data are inserted respectively flight parameter field, system state field, warning information field and end mark field, form the aircraft state information of single sampled point, then enter message encapsulation flow process.Before being placed on, the aircraft state information that the message encapsulation process is about to the current time sampled point before the aircraft state message of buffer memory, forms new aircraft state message, the new aircraft state message of this bar of buffer memory.According to configuring condition, if need to carry out data compression, then according to the compression algorithm of selecting aircraft state message is carried out data compression, and enter the information coding process.If do not need to carry out data compression, then directly enter the information coding process.The information coding process is namely carried out information coding to the data after the compression, is character style with aircraft state message from the bit stream formal transformation.If the message-length after the conversion, waits for then that next sampling instant reenters aircraft state and monitors flow process when arriving still less than 210 bytes.If the message-length after the conversion equals or exceeds 210 bytes, then the message behind the information coding is monitored the text of report as aircraft state, send into the transmit queue of ACARS messaging protocol, empty the aircraft state message of buffer memory, a software processing procedure of so far aircraft state supervision finishes.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is passed through the method that the ACARS Data-Link monitors aircraft state, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: under the system architecture of communications management unit CMU as airborne ACARS Data-Link application terminal, aircraft state monitors that application module resides in the communications management unit with software form; Aircraft state supervision application module in the communications management unit is sequentially carried out airplane information processing, message encapsulation, data compression and information coding, produce aircraft state and monitor report, the Data-Link application module provides aviation operation communication, aviation supervisory communications and air traffic service application service, can manual and automatically produce application report; The ACARS protocol module is processed the application report from the Data-Link application module, and monitors that from aircraft state the aircraft state of application module monitors report, is packaged into ACARS message and delivers to the communication subnet interface module; The communication subnet interface module of communications management unit connects a very high frequency(VHF) number VDR, satellite data cell S DU and a shortwave number HFDR by the ARINC429 bus.
2. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: aircraft state monitors the various flight parameters that application module obtains from aircraft system, system state and warning information convert the resolution that ground requires to, according to predefined data layout one-tenth bit data flow arranged sequentially, form the sampling point information in the single moment, enter the message canned program, the state of flight sampling point information group in a plurality of moment of airplane information processing procedure generation is bundled into an aircraft state message, encapsulation is saved in the buffer memory, enter data compression program, adopt compression algorithm that the aircraft state message of above-mentioned buffer memory is carried out data compression, enter the information coding program, Bit data after the compressing data carries out the bit character conversion, take front 210 characters of this character data, the aircraft state that forms is monitored descending report, send into the ACARS protocol module and be packaged into standard A CARS information and sending, carry out aircraft state for ground system and monitor and remote fault diagnosis.
3. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the aircraft state information of single sampled point is divided into flight parameter field, system state field, warning information field and end mark four parts.
4. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: aircraft state monitors various flight parameters, system state and the warning information that application module at first obtains from aircraft system, and enter the aircraft state information process, according to message format each data are inserted respectively flight parameter field, system state field, warning information field and end mark field, form the aircraft state information of single sampled point, then enter message encapsulation flow process.
5. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the airplane information processing procedure, at first effective range and the resolution according to each flight parameter calculates required bit number, and the aircraft parameter of selecting is arranged in bit data flow in order inserts the flight parameter field.
6. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: from the flight status information of each system's acquisition of aircraft, comprise data acquisition time, longitude, latitude, barometer altitude, radio altitude, the angle of pitch, roll angle, the course, vertical speed, ground velocity, true air speed, wind direction, wind speed, stagnation temperature, static temperature, Fuel Remained, estimated time of arrival (ETA), fly the guard system state, the telex system state, inertial system state, the atmospheric engine state, the hydraulic system state, engine parameter, direct current AC power state, the undercarriage state, the wheel load state, flap slat angle, the horizontal stabilizer degree of bias and yaw rudder trim position etc.
7. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the alarm code that the warning information field of single sampled point aircraft state information is filled in the warning information of current appearance, and the alarm code number is variable; Alarm code is the numerical coding that all warning information that aircraft defines are carried out, certain warning information of representative that can be unique.
8. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the end mark of single sampled point aircraft state information is positioned at the information end, the shared bit number of end mark and the shared bit number of each alarm code; Each bit of end mark is " 1 ", and the numerical value of alarm code is not identical with end mark.
9. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the data after the compression are carried out information coding, are character style with aircraft state message from the bit stream formal transformation; If the message-length after the conversion, is then waited for next sampling instant still less than 210 bytes and is reentered the airplane information processing procedure when arriving; If the message-length after the conversion is not less than 210 bytes, then the message behind the information coding is monitored the text of report as aircraft state, the transmit queue of sending into the ACARS messaging protocol carries out the transmission of ACARS message.
10. the method that monitors aircraft state by the ACARS Data-Link as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the message encapsulation process is before the sampled point aircraft state information before the aircraft state information with current time is placed on, the common bag aircraft state message that forms of the aircraft state information of a plurality of sampled points, and be kept in the buffer memory of communications management unit, nearer sampling point information of time is more forward.
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