CN102928991A - Light beam collimator - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种新型光束准直器。该准直器为一由透明介质组成的圆台，即由一圆锥去除顶部的小圆锥形成。该准直器用于对非准直光束进行光束准直。光束由小圆进入，从大圆输出。圆台上下表面均为光滑表面，实现有效的输入、输出，圆台侧面为光滑表面或涂覆高反金属薄层，以实现对由圆台内部入射到圆台侧面的光进行有效的反射。本发明提出的光束准直器可以将发散角较大的光束整形为具有较小发散角的光束，可用于太阳光收集系统、激光光束准直等。从而有效地提高后续的聚光器对光的收集能力，解决普通聚光镜由于聚光后的光发散角大而无法将光有效会聚到光纤中传输的缺点。
The invention discloses a novel beam collimator. The collimator is a circular frustum made of transparent medium, which is formed by removing a small cone at the top of a cone. The collimator is used for beam collimation of uncollimated beams. The light beam enters from the small circle and exits from the large circle. The upper and lower surfaces of the round table are smooth surfaces to achieve effective input and output. The side of the round table is smooth or coated with a thin layer of high-reflective metal to achieve effective reflection of the light incident from the inside of the round table to the side of the round table. The beam collimator proposed by the invention can shape a beam with a larger divergence angle into a beam with a smaller divergence angle, and can be used in solar light collection systems, laser beam collimation, and the like. Thereby effectively improving the ability of the follow-up concentrator to collect light, and solving the shortcoming that the common concentrator cannot effectively converge the light into the optical fiber for transmission due to the large divergence angle of the light after concentrating.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及太阳能开发、激光应用、LED照明等领域，特别涉及太阳光光纤照明装置。The invention relates to the fields of solar energy development, laser application, LED lighting and the like, in particular to a sunlight optical fiber lighting device.
背景技术 Background technique
在太阳能收集器等系统中，需要通过透镜或反射镜等聚焦系统将光进行会聚，从而输入到光纤等横截面较小的传输媒质中。目前，一般集光器是由多个阵列组成，以实现高效的阳光采集。如发明专利“太阳光光纤照明装置（CN01113529）”采用由聚光透镜和四象限光伏探测器组成的高灵敏度传感器，实现了稳定、可靠的阳光跟踪。而当采用透镜或反射镜对太阳光或宽口径的平行或准平行光束进行会聚时，虽然结构更为简单、聚光面可更大，但若聚焦光斑在较远距离产生，则整个系统尺寸会很大，影响其实际使用。若要在近距离产生聚焦光斑，则在聚焦处光束与透镜轴线的夹角很大，而光纤的聚光角度不大，这就导致有部分光无法被耦合到光纤中。为此，需要采用有效措施，以减小聚焦光束的发散角。In systems such as solar collectors, it is necessary to converge the light through a focusing system such as a lens or a mirror, so as to input it into a transmission medium with a small cross-section such as an optical fiber. At present, the general concentrator is composed of multiple arrays to achieve efficient sunlight collection. For example, the invention patent "sunlight fiber optic lighting device (CN01113529)" adopts a high-sensitivity sensor composed of a condenser lens and a four-quadrant photovoltaic detector to achieve stable and reliable sunlight tracking. When using lenses or reflectors to converge sunlight or wide-aperture parallel or quasi-parallel beams, although the structure is simpler and the focusing surface can be larger, if the focused spot is generated at a longer distance, the size of the entire system will be reduced. It will be very large and affect its actual use. If a focused spot is to be generated at a short distance, the angle between the beam of light and the axis of the lens at the focal point is large, while the focusing angle of the optical fiber is not large, which results in that some light cannot be coupled into the optical fiber. For this reason, effective measures need to be taken to reduce the divergence angle of the focused beam.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对以上不足，本发明提出一种新型光束准直器，以实现对经聚焦后的光束进行准直，减小光束的发散角，以利于光束的耦合或进一步对光束进行聚焦，以减小光斑尺寸。。该准直器为一透明圆台，一般由玻璃或聚合物材料组成。圆台外表面为光滑表面，其外侧可加一层具有高反光特性的金属薄层。In view of the above deficiencies, the present invention proposes a new type of beam collimator to achieve collimation of the focused beam, reduce the divergence angle of the beam, facilitate the coupling of the beam or further focus the beam to reduce the spot size. . The collimator is a transparent circular table, usually made of glass or polymer material. The outer surface of the round platform is a smooth surface, and a layer of thin metal layer with high reflective properties can be added on the outer side.
本发明提出的光束准直器可以将发散角较大的光束整形为具有较小发散角的光束，可用于太阳光收集系统、激光光束准直等。从而有效地提高后续的聚光器对光的收集能力，解决普通聚光镜由于聚光后的光发散角大而无法将光有效会聚到光纤中传输的缺点。The beam collimator proposed by the invention can shape a beam with a larger divergence angle into a beam with a smaller divergence angle, and can be used in solar light collection systems, laser beam collimation, and the like. Thereby effectively improving the ability of the follow-up concentrator to collect light, and solving the shortcoming that ordinary concentrators cannot effectively converge the light into the optical fiber for transmission due to the large divergence angle of the light after concentrating.
本发明的光束准直器的技术方案是：该准直器为一圆台，即由一圆锥去除顶部的小圆锥形成。该准直器用于对非准直光束进行光束准直。光束由圆台上底(1)进入，从圆台下底(2)输出。圆台上下表面均为光滑表面，实现有效的输入、输出，圆台侧面(3)为光滑表面或涂覆高反金属薄层，以实现对由圆台内部入射到圆台侧面的光进行有效的反射。The technical scheme of the beam collimator of the present invention is: the collimator is a circular truncated cone, which is formed by removing a small cone at the top of a cone. The collimator is used for beam collimation of uncollimated beams. The light beam enters from the upper bottom (1) of the round table and outputs from the lower bottom (2) of the round table. The upper and lower surfaces of the round table are smooth surfaces to achieve effective input and output. The side of the round table (3) is smooth or coated with a thin layer of high-reflection metal to achieve effective reflection of light incident from the inside of the round table to the side of the round table.
本发明提出的光束准直器可以将发散角较大的光束整形为具有较小发散角的光束，可用于太阳光收集系统、激光光束准直等。从而有效地提高后续的聚光器对光的收集能力，解决普通聚光镜由于聚光后的光发散角大而无法将光有效会聚到光纤中传输的缺点。The beam collimator proposed by the invention can shape a beam with a larger divergence angle into a beam with a smaller divergence angle, and can be used in solar light collection systems, laser beam collimation, and the like. Thereby effectively improving the ability of the follow-up concentrator to collect light, and solving the shortcoming that ordinary concentrators cannot effectively converge the light into the optical fiber for transmission due to the large divergence angle of the light after concentrating.
其基本原理是，具有一定发散角的光束进入圆台的上表面（小圆区域），发生折射，并进入圆台，与圆台轴线夹角较小的光束将直接到达大圆，并输出。而圆台轴线夹角较大的光束，则将到达圆台的侧面，并产生全反射，由于侧面为圆锥面，经反射后的光束与圆台轴线夹角将发生变化。对于一特定圆台，可将发散角在一定范围内的光束进行有效的准直。The basic principle is that the beam with a certain divergence angle enters the upper surface (small circle area) of the circular table, refracts, and enters the circular table, and the beam with a smaller angle with the axis of the circular table will directly reach the large circle and output. The light beam with a larger angle between the axis of the frustum will reach the side of the frustum and undergo total reflection. Since the side is a conical surface, the angle between the reflected beam and the axis of the frustum will change. For a specific circular frustum, beams with a divergence angle within a certain range can be effectively collimated.
如图1所示，对于圆柱形透明介质棒，从其上底面进入的光，其入射角与出射角是相同的。因此，这种介质棒对光束没有准直作用。As shown in Figure 1, for a cylindrical transparent dielectric rod, the incident angle and exit angle of the light entering from its upper and bottom surfaces are the same. Therefore, this dielectric rod has no collimating effect on the beam.
本发明提出的光束准直器为一圆台，如图2所示。即它是由一圆锥去除顶部的小圆锥形成的一根透明介质棒。光束由圆台上底1进入，从圆台下底2输出。圆台上下底表面均为光滑表面，实现有效的输入、输出，圆台侧面3为光滑表面或涂覆高反金属薄层，以实现对由圆台内部入射到圆台侧面的光进行有效的反射。而对于圆台，当在一定的角度范围内的光从圆台上底入射，经锥形外表面反射后，再经圆台下底输出时，其入射角会减小。The beam collimator proposed by the present invention is a circular platform, as shown in FIG. 2 . That is, it is a transparent medium rod formed by removing the small cone at the top from a cone. The light beam enters from the upper bottom 1 of the round table and outputs from the
为方便描述，给出以下定义。For the convenience of description, the following definitions are given.
上底半径，圆台上底圆形区域的半径，用a1表示。Radius of the upper base, the radius of the circular area of the upper base of the platform, expressed by a 1 .
下底半径：圆台下底圆形区域的半径，用a2表示。这里，a1>a2。Bottom radius: the radius of the circular area at the bottom of the circular platform, represented by a 2 . Here, a 1 >a 2 .
圆台轴线：上底圆心与下底圆心的连线。Axis of the circular platform: the connection line between the center of the upper base and the center of the lower base.
圆台高度：上底与下底的圆心之间的距离，用h表示。Platform height: the distance between the center of the upper bottom and the lower bottom, expressed in h.
圆台梯形：穿过上底与下底圆心的平面与圆台表面相切形成的梯形。Frustum trapezoid: a trapezoid formed by tangency between the plane passing through the center of the upper and lower bases and the surface of the frustum.
圆台腰：指圆台梯形的腰。Round platform waist: refers to the waist of the round platform trapezoid.
圆台角：圆台梯形的底角，用θ表示。Frustum angle: the base angle of the frustum trapezoid, represented by θ.
圆台倾角：圆台腰与圆台轴线的夹角，用γ表示，γ=90°-θ。Conical inclination angle: the angle between the waist of the circular platform and the axis of the circular platform, expressed by γ, γ=90°-θ.
发散角：入射光线与圆台轴线之间的最大夹角，用α′表示。Divergence angle: the maximum angle between the incident light and the axis of the frustum of the cone, represented by α'.
发散角光线：入射角等于发散角的入射光线。Divergence angle ray: the incident ray whose angle of incidence is equal to the angle of divergence.
内发散角：发散角光线由圆台上底进入圆台，经折射后，光线与圆台轴线的夹角，用α表示。Inner divergence angle: divergence angle The light enters the circular platform from the upper bottom of the circular platform. After refraction, the angle between the light and the axis of the circular platform is expressed by α.
内输出角：入射光线到达圆台下底表面时，光线与圆台轴线的最大夹角，用β表示。Inner output angle: When the incident light reaches the bottom surface of the circular platform, the maximum angle between the light and the axis of the circular platform, expressed by β.
输出角：入射光线到达圆台下底表面时，与圆台轴线的夹角等于β的光线，经圆台下底折射输出时，输出光线与圆台轴线的夹角，用β′表示。Output angle: when the incident light reaches the bottom surface of the circular platform, the angle between the axis of the circular platform and the axis of the circular platform is equal to β.
圆台折射率：圆台组成材料的折射率，用n1表示。显然，α＞β，α=arcsin(sin(α′)/n1)，β′=arcsin(n1sin(β))。Refractive index of the frustum: the refractive index of the material that makes up the frustum, represented by n 1 . Obviously, α>β, α=arcsin(sin(α′)/n 1 ), β′=arcsin(n 1 sin(β)).
进一步地，内发散角α，内输出角β，和圆台倾角γ之间应满足：γ≤β且α-2γ≤β。显然有，α＞β。更理想情况下，应有：内发散角α，内输出角β，和圆台倾角γ之间满足：β=γ，γ=α/3。Further, the internal divergence angle α, the internal output angle β, and the conical inclination angle γ should satisfy: γ≤β and α-2γ≤β. Obviously, α>β. More ideally, there should be: β=γ, γ=α/3 between the internal divergence angle α, the internal output angle β, and the conical inclination γ.
更进一步地，要求圆台高度h≥a1sin(θ)sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ)。Furthermore, it is required that the frustum height h≥a 1 sin(θ)sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ).
更进一步地，要求圆台高度h≤1.05a1sin(θ)sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ)。Furthermore, it is required that the frustum height h≤1.05a 1 sin(θ)sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ).
本发明的有益效果：本发明提出的光束准直器可以将发散角较大的光束，准直为发散角较小的光束，且保持其较小的光斑尺寸，有利于后续装置将光引入到光纤等传输系统中或在激光加工等应用中。由于可以减小发散角，使得在前端系统中可以使用高聚焦能力的透镜或反射镜等装置，减小系统尺寸和复杂度。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the beam collimator proposed by the present invention can collimate the beam with a larger divergence angle into a beam with a smaller divergence angle, and maintain a small spot size, which is beneficial for subsequent devices to introduce light into the In transmission systems such as optical fibers or in applications such as laser processing. Since the divergence angle can be reduced, devices such as lenses or mirrors with high focusing capabilities can be used in the front-end system, reducing the size and complexity of the system.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1光在圆柱体中的传输示意图；Figure 1 Schematic diagram of light transmission in a cylinder;
图2圆台结构示意图；其中，1为圆台上底，2为圆台下底，3为圆台侧面。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circular platform; wherein, 1 is the upper bottom of the circular platform, 2 is the lower bottom of the circular platform, and 3 is the side of the circular platform.
图3圆台梯形及相关参数示意图。Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of circular frustum trapezoid and related parameters.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提出的准直器为一圆台，即由一圆锥去除顶部的小圆锥形成。该准直器用于对非准直光束进行光束准直。光束由圆台上底1进入，从圆台下底2输出。圆台上下表面均为光滑表面，实现有效的输入、输出，圆台侧面3为光滑表面或涂覆高反金属薄层，以实现对由圆台内部入射到圆台侧面的光进行有效的反射。The collimator proposed by the present invention is a circular frustum, which is formed by removing a small cone at the top of a cone. The collimator is used for beam collimation of uncollimated beams. The light beam enters from the upper bottom 1 of the round table and outputs from the
为实现对光束的有效准直，圆台倾角γ的选择与内发散角α和要求的内输出角β有关。即内发散角α，内输出角β，和圆台倾角γ之间应满足：γ≤β且α-2γ≤β。原因是：当光线从圆台上底入射，经折射时，若其折射角为γ，显然，此时，光线不会到达圆台侧面，而是直接到达圆台下底，并输出。因此，内输出角β不会小于圆台倾角γ，即有γ≤β。另一方面，若折射角为ω的入射光由圆台上底进入圆台，并到达圆台侧面，经反射后，到达圆台下底。假设到达下底时的光线与圆台轴线的夹角为ψ。显然，ψ=ω-2γ。当ω=α时，到达下底时的光线与圆台轴线的夹角最大，为α-2γ。因此，内输出角满足β≥α-2γ。综上，应有(α-β)/2≤γ≤β。若实际上有(α-β)/2＞β，则该准直器无法实现。例如，若α=45°，而要求β=10°，则有(α-β)/2=17.5°，即有(α-β)/2＞β，采用本发明结构无法实现。In order to achieve effective collimation of the beam, the selection of the inclination angle γ of the circular table is related to the internal divergence angle α and the required internal output angle β. That is, the internal divergence angle α, the internal output angle β, and the conical inclination angle γ should satisfy: γ≤β and α-2γ≤β. The reason is: when the light is incident from the upper bottom of the round table and is refracted, if the refraction angle is γ, obviously, at this time, the light will not reach the side of the round table, but directly reach the bottom of the round table and output. Therefore, the inner output angle β will not be smaller than the inclination angle γ of the frustum of the cone, that is, γ≤β. On the other hand, if the incident light with a refraction angle of ω enters the circular platform from the upper bottom of the circular platform, reaches the side of the circular platform, and after being reflected, reaches the lower bottom of the circular platform. Assume that the angle between the light rays reaching the bottom and the axis of the frustum is ψ. Obviously, ψ=ω-2γ. When ω=α, the angle between the ray reaching the bottom and the axis of the frustum of the cone is the largest, which is α-2γ. Therefore, the inner output angle satisfies β≥α-2γ. In summary, there should be (α-β)/2≤γ≤β. If (α-β)/2>β actually exists, the collimator cannot be realized. For example, if α=45° and β=10° is required, then (α-β)/2=17.5°, that is, (α-β)/2>β, which cannot be realized by the structure of the present invention.
显然，当γ=α-2γ时，(α-β)/2=γ＝β，内输出角β具有最小值。因此，折射发散角α，内输出角β，和圆台倾角γ之间的最佳关系为：γ=α/3，β=γ。Obviously, when γ=α-2γ, (α-β)/2=γ=β, the inner output angle β has a minimum value. Therefore, the optimal relationship between the refraction divergence angle α, the inner output angle β, and the inclination angle γ of the cone is: γ=α/3, β=γ.
由于对于折射角ω大于圆台倾角γ的光线，光线需要经圆台侧面反射一次，以减小其到达圆台下底的时与圆台轴线的夹角ψ。若光线由圆台上底的边沿入射，此时需要的圆台高度最高，对应的圆台的高度h应满足h≥dsin(θ)，这里d＝a1sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ)为圆台梯形的腰长。即应有圆台的高度h≥a1sin(θ)sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ)。As for the light rays whose refraction angle ω is greater than the inclination angle γ of the truncated table, the light needs to be reflected once by the side of the truncated table to reduce the angle ψ between it and the axis of the truncated table when it reaches the bottom of the table. If the light is incident from the edge of the upper bottom of the circular platform, the height of the circular platform required at this time is the highest, and the corresponding height h of the circular platform should satisfy h≥dsin(θ), where d=a 1 sin(90°-α)/sin(α- γ) is the waist length of the trapezoid. That is, there should be a height h≥a 1 sin(θ)sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ) of the truncated cone.
另一方面，圆台高度h值越大，圆台下底的表面积也越大。从而导致输出光束的光斑面积增大。这不利于对光束的收集。为此，应有圆台高度h≤1.05a1sin(θ)sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ)。On the other hand, the larger the value of the height h of the circular platform, the larger the surface area of the bottom of the circular platform. As a result, the spot area of the output beam increases. This is not conducive to the collection of the beam. For this reason, there should be a conical height h≤1.05a 1 sin(θ)sin(90°-α)/sin(α-γ).
实施例1Example 1
圆台由纯石英组成，表面为光滑表面，小圆半径a1=10mm，圆台倾角γ=13.3°，圆台高度h=16.6mm。可以将内发散角α=40°（发散角α′=68.8°）的光束，准直为内出射角β=13.3°（输出角β′=19.5°）的准直光束。大圆半径a2=13.9mm，即光斑面积仅增大93%。The circular platform is made of pure quartz, the surface is smooth, the small circle radius a 1 =10mm, the circular platform inclination γ=13.3°, and the circular platform height h=16.6mm. The beam with inner divergence angle α=40° (divergence angle α′=68.8°) can be collimated into a collimated beam with inner exit angle β=13.3° (output angle β′=19.5°). The great circle radius a 2 =13.9mm, that is, the spot area only increases by 93%.
实施例2Example 2
圆台由纯石英组成，侧面经金属银薄层涂覆，小圆半径a1=15mm，圆台倾角γ=9°，圆台高度h=21mm。可以将内发散角α=30°（发散角α′=46.5°）的光束，准直为内输出角β=12°（输出角β′=17.6°）的准直光束。大圆半径a2=18.3mm，即光斑面积仅增大49%。The circular platform is composed of pure quartz, the side is coated with a thin layer of metallic silver, the radius of the small circle is a 1 =15mm, the inclination angle of the circular platform is γ=9°, and the height of the circular platform is h=21mm. The beam with inner divergence angle α=30° (divergence angle α′=46.5°) can be collimated into a collimated beam with inner output angle β=12° (output angle β′=17.6°). The radius of the great circle a 2 =18.3mm, that is, the spot area only increases by 49%.
实施例3Example 3
圆台由聚合物材料组成，表面为光滑表面，小圆半径a1=20mm，圆台倾角γ=10°，圆台高度h=30mm。可以将内发散角α=30°（发散角α′=48.2°）的光束，准直为内输出角β=10°（输出角β′=15°）的准直光束。大圆半径a2=25.3mm，即光斑面积仅增大60%。The circular platform is made of polymer material, the surface is smooth, the small circle radius a 1 =20mm, the circular platform inclination γ=10°, and the circular platform height h=30mm. The beam with inner divergence angle α=30° (divergence angle α′=48.2°) can be collimated into a collimated beam with inner output angle β=10° (output angle β′=15°). The great circle radius a 2 =25.3mm, that is, the spot area only increases by 60%.
上述附图仅为说明性示意图，并不对本发明的保护范围形成限制。应理解，这些实施例只是为了举例说明本发明，而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。The above drawings are only illustrative diagrams, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only for illustration of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
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| CN101201415A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-18 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Light-guiding lens and light-emitting diode using the light-guiding lens |
| CN201600339U (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2010-10-06 | 纳优科技（北京）有限公司 | Filtering collimator combined device of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer |
| CN102313244A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所湖州新能源产业创新中心 | Light emitting diode (LED) lamp optical lens |
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| CN101201415A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-18 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Light-guiding lens and light-emitting diode using the light-guiding lens |
| CN201600339U (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2010-10-06 | 纳优科技（北京）有限公司 | Filtering collimator combined device of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer |
| CN102313244A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所湖州新能源产业创新中心 | Light emitting diode (LED) lamp optical lens |
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