CN102928871B - Rotation diamond based attribute extraction and fault description method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rotation diamond based attribute extraction and fault description method, which comprises the following steps of: a, determining a surface element range; b, inputting seismic data, giving size values of a long shaft and a short shaft of a diamond, selecting a point (sampling point) in data, rotating at 360 degrees, and extracting data in the surface element range during rotation at each angle; c, selecting an attribute metric and calculating an attribute value of the attribute metric in allusion to extracted data; d, taking maximum value or minimum value to serve as the attribute value of the point after calculating the attribute values of all angles of the point; e, continuously selecting other points in the data, and repeating the steps b, c and d until all points are selected; and f, displaying the minimum attribute value by using a slice in allusion to edgewise data of a fracture system, displaying the rotation attribute values of different angles by using a rose diagram in allusion to well points, and displaying a final result by using a histogram in allusion to a fault broken belt. The rotation diamond based attribute extraction and fault description method has good noise immunity and resolution rate, can be used for identifying fault and crack directions, and also can be used for quantitatively judging the fault broken belt.

Description

A kind of attributes extraction based on rotation diamond and fault description method

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of seismic exploration.Seismic prospecting comprises collection, process, explains three large technology, and wherein seismic properties is a very important technological means of seismic interpretation, and the method extracting seismic properties is at present a lot, but all there is the limitation of computing method.The present invention especially relates to a kind of attributes extraction based on rotation diamond and fault description method, and concentrates on during tomography and crack are explained and apply.

Background technology

The extraction of seismic properties has various ways: whole road extracts the profile features can studying attribute; When windowsill layer extracts on time, often obtain attribute of cutting into slices; Also can by the simple incompatible extraction coherence properties of spatial group such as right angle, cross spread, above is all the groundwork of daily seismic attribute abstraction and analysis.But no matter be single track, multiple tracks Spatial Coupling, or volume elements, reality is all a kind of account form of rule, when identifying tomography, crack, all for objective body is studied with more flat stratum, as coherence slice has the architectural feature of little Distribution value, judge the existence of tomography, crack or other anomalous bodys whereby.Like this, the directivity characteristics of anomalous body can not all be portrayed well.

Summary of the invention

Task of the present invention is to provide a kind of attributes extraction based on rotation diamond and fault description method; Its directivity utilizing rhombus diagonal line to have is to judge the feature such as direction, scope of special geobody.

Its technical solution is:

Based on attributes extraction and the fault description method of rotation diamond, comprise the following steps:

A, utilize the scope of rhombus determination data, if the length value of the long and short semiaxis of rhombus is respectively a, b, the angle of major axis and transverse axis is θ, utilizes following formula, determines the length value on rhombus 4 limits, is set as y respectively ₁, y ₂, y ₃, y ₄, utilize its data determined in concrete binning range of occuring simultaneously: namely rhombus is rotated counterclockwise in process around initial point, when A point is more than or equal to D point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is less than or equal to y ₁and y ₂and be more than or equal to y ₃and y ₄data in scope; When A point is less than D point horizontal ordinate and is greater than B point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is less than or equal to y ₁and y ₄and be more than or equal to y ₂and y ₃data in scope; When A point is less than B point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is more than or equal to y ₁and y ₂and be less than or equal to y ₃and y ₄data in scope;

$y_1=a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{b\cos \mathrm{\θ}-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{-b\sin \mathrm{\θ}-a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x-a\cos \mathrm{\θ})$

$y_2=-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{b\cos \mathrm{\θ}+a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{-b\sin \mathrm{\θ}+a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x+a\cos \mathrm{\θ})$

$y_3=-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{-b\cos \mathrm{\θ}+a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{b\sin \mathrm{\θ}+a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x+a\cos \mathrm{\θ})$

$y_4=a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{-b\cos \mathrm{\θ}-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{b\sin \mathrm{\θ}-a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x-a\cos \mathrm{\θ})$

B, input geological data, provide the length value of the long and short axle of rhombus, choose a certain sampled point in geological data, centered by this point, do the rotation of 360 °, often rotate an angle, extraction step a determines the data in scope, and the x in step a formula is the x coordinate figure of sampled point;

C, the data extracted step b, carry out amplitude or energy generic attribute and calculate, the expression formula of average absolute amplitude, total absolute amplitude, gross energy for not to be,

Average absolute amplitude: $A_1=\frac{1}{M}\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\left|x\left(n\right)\right|$

Total absolute amplitude: $A_2=\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\left|x\left(n\right)\right|$

Gross energy: $S1=\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}^2\left(n\right)$

In formula, M represents the sampling number of data, and x (n) represents geological data;

D, calculated these all angles property value after, get wherein maximum or minimum value as the property value of this sampled point;

E, continue other sampled points of choosing in geological data, repeat step b, c, d; Until chosen all sampled points in geological data;

F, for fracture system along layer data, with section display minimum property value; For well point, by rose diagram display different angles rotatable property value; For fault belt, show net result with histogram.

In above-mentioned steps b, the length value ratio of major axis and minor axis is set as 1:1,3:1,5:1,5:2,5:3,5:4,5:5,10:4 or 15:6.

The present invention has following Advantageous Effects:

The present invention can reflect the trend, tendency, growth direction, abundance etc. of the anisotropic properties, particularly tomography of geologic body well.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram determining rhombus area in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the FB(flow block) of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows the attributed graph of the model under same attribute metric when long and short axle sizes values changes; Wherein, 3a is master pattern section, and 3b is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 1:1,3c is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 3:1,3d is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 5:1, and 3e is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 5:1, and 3f is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 5:2,3g is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 5:3,3h is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 5:4, and 3i is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 5:5, and 3j is the attributed graph of major and minor axis 5:2, the attributed graph of 3k major and minor axis 10:4, the attributed graph of 3l major and minor axis 15:6.

Fig. 4 shows the rose diagram of the different angles property value change of certain some P under different noise; Wherein, 4a is the schematic diagram of a P, and 4b is the rose diagram without the lower some P that make an uproar, and 4c is the rose diagram putting P under adding 100% noise, and 4d is the rose diagram putting P under adding 200% noise.

Fig. 5 shows the seismic properties figure of the model under different attribute metric; Wherein, 5a is master pattern, and 5b is RMS amplitude attributed graph, and 5c is average absolute amplitude attributed graph, and 5d is total absolute amplitude attributed graph, and 5e is gross energy attributed graph, and 5f is average energy attributed graph.

Fig. 6 shows the result of the identification fault belt obtained by the present invention; Wherein, 6a is company's well profile of certain two mouthfuls of well, and 6b is the histogram of the different angles property value of an A, and 6c is the histogram of the different angles property value at a B place.

Fig. 7 shows the T4 layer strata slicing result obtained by the present invention; Wherein, 7a is original T4 strata slicing, and 7b is the design sketch after application the present invention.

Embodiment

Composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of attributes extraction based on rotation diamond and fault description method, comprise the following steps:

A, utilize the scope of rhombus determination data, shown in Fig. 1, if the length value of the length semiaxis of rhombus is respectively a, b, the angle of major axis and transverse axis is θ, utilizes following formula, determines the length value on rhombus 4 limits, is set as y respectively ₁, y ₂, y ₃, y ₄, wherein y ₁for length value, the y of AB ₂for length value, the y of BC ₃for length value, the y of CD ₄for the length value of DA, utilize its data determined in concrete binning range of occuring simultaneously: namely rhombus is rotated counterclockwise in process around initial point, when A point is more than or equal to D point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is less than or equal to y ₁and y ₂and be more than or equal to y ₃and y ₄data in scope; When A point is less than D point horizontal ordinate and is greater than B point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is less than or equal to y ₁and y ₄and be more than or equal to y ₂and y ₃data in scope; When A point is less than B point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is more than or equal to y ₁and y ₂and be less than or equal to y ₃and y ₄data in scope;

$y_1=a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{b\cos \mathrm{\θ}-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{-b\sin \mathrm{\θ}-a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x-a\cos \mathrm{\θ})---\left(1\right)$

$y_2=-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{b\cos \mathrm{\θ}+a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{-b\sin \mathrm{\θ}+a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x+a\cos \mathrm{\θ})---\left(2\right)$

$y_3=-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{-b\cos \mathrm{\θ}+a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{b\sin \mathrm{\θ}+a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x+a\cos \mathrm{\θ})---\left(3\right)$

$y_4=a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{-b\cos \mathrm{\θ}-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{b\sin \mathrm{\θ}-a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x-a\cos \mathrm{\θ})---\left(4\right)$

B, input geological data, provide the length value (sizes values) of rhombus major and minor axis, choose a certain sampled point in geological data, by this point centered by, do the rotation of 360 °, often rotate an angle, extraction step a determines the data in scope, and the x in step a formula is the x coordinate figure of sampled point;

C, the data extracted step b, carry out amplitude or energy generic attribute and calculate, the expression formula of average absolute amplitude, total absolute amplitude, gross energy for not to be,

Average absolute amplitude: $A_1=\frac{1}{M}\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\left|x\left(n\right)\right|---\left(5\right)$

Total absolute amplitude: $A_2=\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\left|x\left(n\right)\right|---\left(6\right)$

Gross energy: $S1=\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}^2\left(n\right)---\left(7\right)$

In formula, M represents the sampling number of data, and x (n) represents geological data;

D, calculated these all angles property value after, get maximum in these angular nature values or the minimum value property value as this point;

E, continue other sampled points of choosing in geological data, repeat step b, c, d; Until chosen institute in geological data a little, namely until scanning to have calculated in geological data property value a little, all angles property value of certain sampled point of last Output rusults and needs;

F, for fracture system along layer data, with section display minimum property value; For well point, by rose diagram display different angles rotatable property value; For fault belt, show net result with histogram.

The data result that the present invention obtains can see Fig. 7.Can find, the invention enables fracture sharpness high, tomography continuity is good, and the microfracture that can calculate well point place grows direction, can also find that conventional method shows unclear several minor faults (in Fig. 7 tag slot).

Further, inventor is also for when in the present invention, certain some influence factor changes, and these changes have done more deep research to the impact of result (model data).Such as:

One, model data different conditions when the long and short axial length angle value of rotation diamond changes in the present invention, namely the length value (ratio) of long and short axle is set to 1:1,3:1,5:1,5:2,5:3,5:4,5:5,10:4,15:6, respectively see Fig. 3.Note: effect is best when long and short axle is chosen as 5:2.

Two, show several variable condition adding certain some P different angles property value after process of making an uproar that primary model data carries out in various degree in the present invention, namely 100% noise, 200% noise have been added respectively to master pattern, see Fig. 4.Note: when signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is greater than 1, noise immunity of the present invention is better, can inclination angle, accurate Calculation tomography place.

Three, in the present invention, when calculating seismic properties, adopt different attribute metrics, obtain respective attributes figure, see Fig. 5.Note: comparatively speaking, in amplitude generic attribute, the effect of total absolute amplitude attribute is best, and in energy generic attribute, the effect of gross energy attribute is better.

Here is embody rule of the present invention example:

Inventor applies the present invention to certain work area: be illustrated in figure 6 two mouthfuls, this work area well, JingAChu (point namely in shatter belt region), and the amplitude change of different rotary angle is more violent; JingBChu then changes relatively mild, illustrates that the present invention can quantitatively judge fault belt thus; As shown in Figure 7, be this work area T4 layer original strata slicing treatment effect.Can find out, the invention enables fracture sharpness high, tomography continuity is good, and the microfracture that can calculate well point place grows direction, can also find that conventional method shows unclear several minor faults (in Fig. 7 tag slot).

The relevant technologies content do not addressed in aforesaid way is taked or uses for reference prior art to realize.

It should be noted that, under the guidance of this instructions, those skilled in the art can also make such or such easy variation pattern, such as equivalent way, or obvious mode of texturing.Above-mentioned variation pattern all should within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1., based on attributes extraction and the fault description method of rotation diamond, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

A, utilize the scope of rhombus determination data, if the length value of the long and short semiaxis of rhombus is respectively a, b, the angle of major axis and transverse axis is θ, utilizes following formula, determines the length value on rhombus 4 limits, is set as y respectively ₁, y ₂, y ₃, y ₄, utilize its data determined in concrete binning range of occuring simultaneously, namely rhombus is rotated counterclockwise in process around initial point, and when A point is more than or equal to D point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is less than or equal to y ₁and y ₂and be more than or equal to y ₃and y ₄data in scope; When A point is less than D point horizontal ordinate and is greater than B point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is less than or equal to y ₁and y ₄and be more than or equal to y ₂and y ₃data in scope; When A point is less than B point horizontal ordinate time, selection is satisfied is more than or equal to y ₁and y ₂and be less than or equal to y ₃and y ₄data in scope;

$y_1=a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{b\cos \mathrm{\θ}-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{-b\sin \mathrm{\θ}-a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x-a\cos \mathrm{\θ})$

$y_2=-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{b\cos \mathrm{\θ}+a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{-b\sin \mathrm{\θ}+a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x+a\cos \mathrm{\θ})$

$y_3=-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{-b\cos \mathrm{\θ}+a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{b\sin \mathrm{\θ}+a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x+a\cos \mathrm{\θ})$

$y_4=a\sin \mathrm{\θ}+\frac{-b\cos \mathrm{\θ}-a\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{b\sin \mathrm{\θ}-a\cos \mathrm{\θ}}(x-a\cos \mathrm{\θ})$

B, input geological data, provide the length value of the long and short axle of rhombus, choose a certain sampled point in geological data, centered by this point, do the rotation of 360 °, often rotate an angle, extraction step a determines the data in scope, and the x in step a formula is the x coordinate figure of sampled point;

C, the data extracted step b, carry out amplitude or energy generic attribute calculates, and the expression formula of average absolute amplitude, total absolute amplitude, gross energy is respectively:

Average absolute amplitude: $A_1=\frac{1}{M}\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\left|x\left(n\right)\right|$

Total absolute amplitude: $A_2=\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\left|x\left(n\right)\right|$

Gross energy: $S1=\underset{n=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}^2\left(n\right)$

In formula, M represents the sampling number of data, and x (n) represents geological data;

D, calculated these all angles property value after, get wherein maximum or minimum value as the property value of this sampled point;

E, continue other sampled points of choosing in geological data, repeat step b, c, d; Until chosen all sampled points in geological data;

F, for fracture system along layer data, with section display minimum property value; For well point, by rose diagram display different angles rotatable property value; For fault belt, show net result with histogram.

2. a kind of attributes extraction based on rotation diamond according to claim 1 and fault description method, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned steps b, the length value ratio of major axis and minor axis is set as 1:1,3:1,5:1,5:2,5:3,5:4,5:5,10:4 or 15:6.