CN102928666A - Digital measurement method for phase difference of alternating current - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法,针对连续的数字采样信号,在信号过负峰值之后依次选取采样点P1、P2和P3。使P1采样值的负值在区间[P2采样值,P3采样值]内。通过插值法在P2和P3所组成的线段上求取一点P4,使得P4的数值等于P1采样值的负值,并获取P4点的虚拟发生时间。由P1的采样发生时间和P4的虚拟发生时间计算电信号的零点,由一系列电信号的过零点计算电信号的周期。最后根据不同信号的过零点时间的差异和信号周期,计算获取信号之间的相位差。本发明克服了传统的过零点检测抗干扰能力差的缺点,尤其适合于低频信号的相位差测量;实现起来数据准确、可靠、有较广泛的应用前景。
The invention discloses a digital measurement method for the phase difference of alternating current. For continuous digital sampling signals, sampling points P1, P2 and P3 are sequentially selected after the signal exceeds the negative peak value. Make the negative value of the P1 sampling value in the interval [P2 sampling value, P3 sampling value]. Calculate a point P4 on the line segment composed of P2 and P3 by interpolation method, so that the value of P4 is equal to the negative value of the sampling value of P1, and obtain the virtual occurrence time of point P4. The zero point of the electrical signal is calculated from the sampling occurrence time of P1 and the virtual occurrence time of P4, and the period of the electrical signal is calculated from a series of zero-crossing points of the electrical signal. Finally, according to the difference between the zero-crossing time of different signals and the signal period, the phase difference between the acquired signals is calculated. The invention overcomes the disadvantage of poor anti-interference ability of the traditional zero-crossing point detection, and is especially suitable for the phase difference measurement of low-frequency signals; the data is accurate and reliable when realized, and has wider application prospects.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量技术,也可以用于其它低频率信号的相位差测量。 The invention relates to a digitized measurement technology of the phase difference of alternating current, which can also be used for the phase difference measurement of other low-frequency signals. the
背景技术 Background technique
在日常生活、生产过程中常常需要测量交流电信号的相位差,测量的相位差越准确,应用的效果往往更好。在现有的相位差测量方法中,大多数采用将信号转变成方波,然后测量两个方波之间上升沿的时间差,从而得出两个信号的相位差,但这种算法易于实现但需要额外的硬件,且容易受到干扰的影响。 In daily life and production process, it is often necessary to measure the phase difference of AC signals. The more accurate the measured phase difference is, the better the application effect is. In the existing phase difference measurement methods, most of them convert the signal into a square wave, and then measure the time difference between the rising edges of the two square waves, so as to obtain the phase difference of the two signals, but this algorithm is easy to implement but Requires additional hardware and is susceptible to interference. the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中交流电信号的相位差测量精度不够准确,提出了一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a digital measurement method for the phase difference of the alternating current in view of the inaccurate measurement accuracy of the phase difference of the alternating current signal in the prior art. the
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案: The present invention adopts the following technical solutions for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法,包括以下步骤: A digital measurement method of the phase difference of alternating current, comprising the following steps:
步骤1),对被测电信号进行采样,得到被测电信号的采样值,然后生成采样信号; Step 1), sampling the electrical signal under test to obtain the sampling value of the electrical signal under test, and then generate a sampling signal;
步骤2),在被测电信号的采样信号中,当被测电信号的周波过负峰值后未到达零点时选择一个采样点作为第一采样点P1i,设该第一采样点P1i的采样时间为T1i,采样值为S1i; Step 2), in the sampling signal of the measured electrical signal, when the cycle of the measured electrical signal exceeds the negative peak value and does not reach the zero point, a sampling point is selected as the first sampling point P1 i , and the first sampling point P1 i is set as The sampling time is T1 i , and the sampling value is S1 i ;
步骤3),当被测电信号的周波越过零点后未到达正峰值时,在该段采样信号中选取连续的两个采样点,即第二采样点P2i和第三采样点P3i,设这两个点的采样时间分别是T2i和T3i,采样值分别为S2i和S3i,其中采样值S2i和S3i需满足|S2i|≤|S1i|≤|S3i|且|S2i|<|S3i|; Step 3), when the cycle of the electrical signal under test does not reach the positive peak value after crossing the zero point, select two consecutive sampling points in the sampling signal, that is, the second sampling point P2 i and the third sampling point P3 i , set The sampling times of these two points are T2 i and T3 i respectively, and the sampling values are S2 i and S3 i respectively, where the sampling values S2 i and S3 i need to satisfy |S2 i |≤|S1 i |≤|S3 i | and | S2i |<| S3i |;
步骤4),将第一采样点P1i采样值的相反值所对应的点作为虚拟采样点P4i,计算虚拟采样点P4i的虚拟发生时间
步骤5),计算过零点时间:
步骤6),重复步骤2)至步骤5)得到若干个过零点时间:Tz1,Tz2,Tz3...Tzi,Tzi+1,Tzi+2...Tzn,其中,i=1、2、…n,n为正整数;则被测电信号的周期:Tpi=Tzi+1-Tzi,因此获得的信号的周期依次为Tp1,Tp2,Tp3,...Tpn-1; Step 6), repeat step 2) to step 5) to obtain several zero-crossing times: T z1 , T z2 , T z3 ... T zi , T zi+1 , T zi+2 ... T zn , where, i=1, 2,...n, n is a positive integer; then the cycle of the electrical signal to be measured: T pi =T zi+1 -T zi , so the cycle of the obtained signal is T p1 , T p2 , T p3 , ...Tpn -1 ;
步骤7),对于两个频率相同的被测电信号,根据步骤1)至步骤6)分别得到两个被测电信号的过零点时间;再根据两个被测电信号的过零点时间的差异,以及两个被测电信号的周期,计算得到两个被测电信号之间的相位差。 Step 7), for two measured electrical signals with the same frequency, according to step 1) to step 6), get the zero-crossing time of the two measured electrical signals respectively; then according to the difference of the zero-crossing time of the two measured electrical signals , and the periods of the two measured electrical signals, the phase difference between the two measured electrical signals is calculated. the
进一步的,本发明一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法,步骤1)所述的采样是等时间间隔采样或不等时间间隔采样。 Furthermore, the present invention provides a digital measurement method for the phase difference of alternating current, the sampling in step 1) is equal time interval sampling or unequal time interval sampling. the
进一步的,本发明一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法,步骤1)所述的采样为对整周波进行采样。 Further, the present invention provides a digital measurement method for the phase difference of alternating current, the sampling in step 1) is sampling the entire cycle. the
进一步的,本发明一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法,所述步骤7)的具体步骤如下: Further, the present invention is a digital measurement method of the phase difference of alternating current, the specific steps of the step 7) are as follows:
设由步骤1)至步骤6)计算得到的第一路被测电信号的过零点时间为T1zi、第二路被测电信号的过零点时间为T2zi,则两路被测电信号的相位差的值以度数表示为: 或者以弧度表示为:
进一步的,本发明的一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法,在所述步骤3)中,当选取的第一至第三采样点的采样值符合|S2i|=|S1i|=|S3i|条件时,采取以下两种处理方案中的任意一种: Further, in the digital measurement method of the phase difference of alternating current of the present invention, in the step 3), when the sampling values of the selected first to third sampling points meet |S2 i |=|S1 i |=| S3 i |condition, take any one of the following two processing schemes:
a),重新选取第二采样点P2i和第三采样点P3i,使得第二采样点的采样值S2i和第三采样点的采样值S3i须满足|S2i|<|S3i|,然后继续步骤4)至步骤7); a), reselect the second sampling point P2 i and the third sampling point P3 i , so that the sampling value S2 i of the second sampling point and the sampling value S3 i of the third sampling point must satisfy |S2 i |<|S3 i | , and then proceed to step 4) to step 7);
b),在第二采样点P2i与第三采样点P3i的采样时间区间[T2i,T3i]上任取一点作为虚拟采样点P4i所对应的虚拟采样时间T4i,然后继续步骤5)至步骤7)。 b) Select any point on the sampling time interval [T2 i , T3 i ] between the second sampling point P2 i and the third sampling point P3 i as the virtual sampling time T4 i corresponding to the virtual sampling point P4 i , and then proceed to step 5 ) to step 7).
进一步的,本发明的一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法,在所述方案b)中,取第二采样点P2i与第三采样点P3i的采样时间区间[T2i,T3i]上的中点,计算虚拟采样点 P4i的虚拟发生时间
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比,具有以下技术效果: Compared with the prior art by adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following technical effects:
1)传统的零交法采用符号相反的两个连续点来确定零点,虽然算法物理概念清晰,但是容易受谐波、测量误差等的干扰,测量精度低。只有准确定位零点,才能计算出精确的相位差。本发明由选取的3个采样点可经过计算得出过零点。确定了信号的过零点之后,可以计算出交流信号的频率和周期。最后根据不同信号的过零点时间的差异和信号周期,计算获取信号之间的相位差。相比较传统的零交法而言,运算量有所增加,但测量的精度、抗干扰性得到了很大的提高。 1) The traditional zero-crossing method uses two consecutive points with opposite signs to determine the zero point. Although the physical concept of the algorithm is clear, it is easily disturbed by harmonics and measurement errors, and the measurement accuracy is low. Only by accurately locating the zero point can the precise phase difference be calculated. In the present invention, the zero-crossing point can be obtained through calculation from the three selected sampling points. After determining the zero crossing point of the signal, the frequency and period of the AC signal can be calculated. Finally, according to the difference between the zero-crossing time of different signals and the signal period, the phase difference between the acquired signals is calculated. Compared with the traditional zero-crossing method, the amount of calculation has increased, but the measurement accuracy and anti-interference performance have been greatly improved. the
2)本发明所涉及的采样可以是等时间间隔采样,也可以是不等时间间隔采样。 2) The sampling involved in the present invention may be sampling at equal time intervals or sampling at unequal time intervals. the
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是图1是由P1i,P2i,P3i通过插值的方式获取P4i,再进一步由T1i和T4i计算过零点的示意图; Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of obtaining P4 i by means of interpolation from P1 i , P2 i , and P3 i in Fig. 1 , and further calculating the zero-crossing point by T1 i and T4 i ;
图2是计算信号周期的示意图; Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of calculating signal period;
图3是计算两路信号相位差的示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of calculating the phase difference of two signals. the
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明: Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
本发明的实质是在信号过负峰值后选取一个采样点P1,然后在信号过零点后选择连续的两个点P2和P3,P2和P3的选取条件是P1采样值的负值在区间[P2采样值,P3采样值]内。则可以通过插值的方法在P2和P3所组成的线段上求取一点P4,使得P4的数值等于P1采样值的负值,同时可获取P4点的虚拟发生时间。由P1的采样发生时间和P4的虚拟发生时间计算电信号的零点,由一系列电信号的过零点计算电信号的周期。最后根据不同信号的过零点时间的差异和信号周期,计算获取信号之间的相位差。选取的P1不宜过于接近零点,如果接近零点的话容易受到噪声的干扰导致测量结果不够准确。 The essence of the present invention is to select a sampling point P1 after the signal crosses the negative peak value, then select two consecutive points P2 and P3 after the signal zero crossing point, the selection condition of P2 and P3 is that the negative value of the P1 sampling value is in the interval [P2 Sampled value, within P3 sampled value]. Then, a point P4 can be calculated on the line segment composed of P2 and P3 by interpolation method, so that the value of P4 is equal to the negative value of the sampling value of P1, and the virtual occurrence time of point P4 can be obtained at the same time. The zero point of the electrical signal is calculated from the sampling occurrence time of P1 and the virtual occurrence time of P4, and the period of the electrical signal is calculated from a series of zero-crossing points of the electrical signal. Finally, according to the difference between the zero-crossing time of different signals and the signal period, the phase difference between the acquired signals is calculated. The selected P1 should not be too close to the zero point, if it is close to the zero point, it is easy to be interfered by noise and the measurement result is not accurate enough. the
为获得较为精确的测量结果,建议的采样点P1的选取方案是:不宜过于接近零点。 In order to obtain a more accurate measurement result, the suggested selection scheme of the sampling point P1 is: it should not be too close to the zero point. the
本发明的特点和优点将通过实例结合附图进行详细说明。本发明的原理通过测量低频信号的相位差来进行说明,随着采样速度的提高,在一个周波内的发生的采样次数也越来越多。本发明的具体实施过程如下: The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The principle of the present invention is illustrated by measuring the phase difference of the low-frequency signal. As the sampling speed increases, the sampling times within one cycle increase. The specific implementation process of the present invention is as follows:
1.对被测信号进行采样,这里所述的采样为对整周波进行的采样。可以是等时间间隔采样,也可以是不等时间间隔采样。 1. Sampling the signal under test, the sampling mentioned here is the sampling of the whole cycle. It can be sampling at equal time intervals or sampling at unequal time intervals. the
2.在测电信号过负峰值后选择一个采样点P1i,设该采样点的采样时间为T1i,采样值为S1i;当采样信号越过零点后,在后续的采样值中选取连续的两个点P2i和P3i,设这两个点的采样时间分别是T2i和T3i,两个点的采样值分别为S2i和S3i,这两个点具有以下特点:S1i为负数,S2i和S3i同为正数,且满足|S2i|≤|S1i|≤|S3i、|S2i|<|S3i|。 2. Select a sampling point P1 i after the electrical measurement signal crosses the negative peak value, set the sampling time of this sampling point as T1 i , and the sampling value is S1 i ; when the sampling signal crosses the zero point, select continuous sampling points in the subsequent sampling values Two points P2 i and P3 i , assuming the sampling time of these two points are T2 i and T3 i respectively, the sampling values of the two points are S2 i and S3 i respectively, these two points have the following characteristics: S1 i is Negative numbers, S2 i and S3 i are both positive numbers, and satisfy |S2 i |≤|S1 i |≤|S3 i , |S2 i |<|S3 i |.
3.得到过零点的过程如下,首先需计算P4i点的虚拟发生时间T4i,由于P4i的数值等于P1i采样值的负值,则:T4i可表示为
4.具体操作可以参见图1。图1上空心园点P1i,P2i,P3i是根据要求选择出的三个点,空心三角形点P4i是经过插值后得到的虚拟点,点P4i的数值为点P1i采样值的负值。T1i是P1i的采样时间,T4i是P4i的虚拟发生时间,水平轴上的空心园点Tzi是计算后获得的过零点。 4. Refer to Figure 1 for specific operations. The hollow circle points P1 i , P2 i , and P3 i in Figure 1 are three points selected according to the requirements, and the hollow triangle point P4 i is a virtual point obtained after interpolation, and the value of point P4 i is the sampling value of point P1 i negative value. T1 i is the sampling time of P1 i , T4 i is the virtual occurrence time of P4 i , and the hollow circle point T zi on the horizontal axis is the zero-crossing point obtained after calculation.
5.得到若干个过零点时间后可进行信号周期的计算,图2中的低频信号一共存在3个负峰值,因此在负峰值出现后一共进行了3次插值并计算,水平轴上时间分别为Tz1、Tz2、Tz3的空心园点是计算得出的3个过零点,由于被测信号的周期可表示为:Tpi=Tzi+1-Tzi,因此图2中信号周期可表示为:Tp2=Tz3-Tz2、Tp1=Tz2-Tz1。 5. After obtaining several zero-crossing times, the signal period can be calculated. The low-frequency signal in Figure 2 has three negative peaks in total, so after the negative peaks appear, a total of three interpolation and calculations have been performed. The times on the horizontal axis are respectively The hollow circle points of T z1 , T z2 , and T z3 are the calculated three zero-crossing points. Since the period of the measured signal can be expressed as: T pi =T zi+1 -T zi , the signal period in Figure 2 can be Expressed as: T p2 =T z3 -T z2 , T p1 =T z2 -T z1 .
6.相位差的计算可参见图3,图中正弦波I在负峰值出现后有两个过零点,这两个过零点的时间分别为T1zi和T1zi+1,正弦波II在负峰值出现后也有两个过零点,这两个过零点的时间分别为T2zi和T2zi+1,则正弦波I和正弦波II的相位差可表示为: 或者 公式中的Tp是信号的周期,Tp可以是计算得出的信号周期的瞬时值,或者是计算得出的前几个周期值的平均值。公式也可以 写成弧度表达的形式。 6. The calculation of the phase difference can be seen in Figure 3. In the figure, the sine wave I has two zero-crossing points after the negative peak appears. The time of these two zero-crossing points is T1 zi and T1 zi+1 respectively, and the sine wave II is at the negative peak There are also two zero-crossing points after appearing, and the time of these two zero-crossing points is T2 zi and T2 zi+1 respectively, then the phase difference between sine wave I and sine wave II can be expressed as: or T p in the formula is the period of the signal, and T p can be the calculated instantaneous value of the signal period, or the calculated average value of the previous several period values. The formula can also be expressed in radians.
优选方案是所述的采样为等时间间隔采样。 The preferred solution is that the sampling is equal time interval sampling. the
综上所述,本发明所涉及的一种交流电的相位差的数字化测量方法,不需要将低频信号转换成方波,克服了传统的过零点检测抗干扰能力差的缺点,尤其适合于低频信号的相位差测量,系统检测方便,硬件开销小;该方法具有一定的抗干扰能力;实现起来简单合理,数据准确、可靠;有较广泛的应用前景。当然,本发明也可以应用于民用三相交流电的相位差测量、功角测量等等。 In summary, the digital measurement method of a phase difference of alternating current involved in the present invention does not need to convert the low-frequency signal into a square wave, overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional zero-crossing point detection and has poor anti-interference ability, and is especially suitable for low-frequency signal Phase difference measurement, system detection is convenient, hardware overhead is small; this method has a certain anti-interference ability; it is simple and reasonable to implement, and the data is accurate and reliable; it has a wider application prospect. Of course, the present invention can also be applied to phase difference measurement, power angle measurement and the like of civil three-phase alternating current. the
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CN104808060A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2015-07-29 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for digitally measuring the phase difference of electrical signals |
CN104808058A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2015-07-29 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for measuring the instantaneous phase of electrical signals |
CN104808058B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2017-12-12 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of measuring method of electric signal instantaneous phase |
CN104808060B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2017-12-15 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of digital measuring method of electrical signal phase difference |
CN109085492A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-25 | 长鑫存储技术有限公司 | Integrated circuit signal phase difference determines method and device, medium and electronic equipment |
CN109085492B (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-05-29 | 长鑫存储技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for determining phase difference of integrated circuit signal, medium, and electronic device |
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