CN102926356A - Debris-flow drainage canal with energy dissipation and drainage functions and application thereof - Google Patents
Debris-flow drainage canal with energy dissipation and drainage functions and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102926356A CN102926356A CN2012104735703A CN201210473570A CN102926356A CN 102926356 A CN102926356 A CN 102926356A CN 2012104735703 A CN2012104735703 A CN 2012104735703A CN 201210473570 A CN201210473570 A CN 201210473570A CN 102926356 A CN102926356 A CN 102926356A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a debris-flow drainage canal with energy dissipation and drainage functions and an application of the debris-flow drainage canal with energy dissipation and drainage functions. The drainage canal comprises a fully-lining drainage canal bottom plate and drainage canal side walls on two sides of the drainage canal bottom plate; the drainage canal bottom plate is in the shape of continuously-connected multiple-stage steps, the steps are provided with grooves; the width of the grooves on the top surfaces of the steps increases gradually along the flow direction of the debris flow, and the width of the grooves on the vertical surfaces of the steps decreases gradually; and the maximum width of the grooves on the top surfaces of the steps coincide with the maximum width B on the vertical surfaces of the steps. Compared wit the prior art, the step shape design is adopted to dissipate the energy of the debris flow all the way and the groove design is adopted to drain the debris flow, so the debris-flow drainage canal disclosed by the invention has high efficiency and good drainage capacity. By adjusting the height and the length of the steps and the size and the shape of grooves, the debris-flow drainagedrainage canal can be used for preventing the debris flow with any gradient and any nature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of debris flow technology, particularly relate to a kind of debris flow drainage groove of leading based on ladder energy dissipating and groove row, and in any gradient and the arbitrarily application in the fluid properties situation.
Background technology
China is the country on mountain more than, and the topographic and geologic complicated condition in mountain area, the mountain torrents mud-rock flow that forms under some extreme weather conditions have brought to local people's production and life and had a strong impact on.Therefore, debris flow work promotes that for assuring the safety for life and property of the people socio-economic development is significant.Debris flow drainage groove is the important engineering of a class in the debris flow control works, and according to the geographic and geomorphic conditions of the local flowing area of mud flow and in conjunction with the characteristics of mud-rock flow self, many experts and scholar have proposed various types of drainage groove structures.
At present, the form of structure that debris flow drainage groove is commonly used is Dongchuan groove (soft basic settling tank) and V-type groove, and is significantly not enough but these two kinds of grooveds exist in Practical Project uses.Dongchuan groove is to utilize the cross rib sill part mud-rock flow of blocking, by strong agitation, the blending between mud-rock flow and the ditch bed material, and its most of kinetic energy of cancellation, thus reduce the flow velocity of letting out under the mud-rock flow in the process; But because mud-rock flow is in motion process downstream, its energy has obtained most subduing, and flow velocity reduces gradually, causes very likely depositing, and then causes the inefficacy of drainage groove function; Therefore, Dongchuan groove exists row to lead deficiency, can't be applicable to gradient less than 5% defective.The V-type groove then adopts full lining cutting mode, has reduced the frictional resistance of mud-rock flow and bottom land, is conducive to the speed-raising in the mud-rock flow traveling process, so that mud-rock flow can pass through smoothly, so the phenomenon of alluvial is rare in the groove; But owing to lack necessary energy-dissipating installation, debris flow drainage leads that flow velocity constantly increases in the process, and the bulky grain in the mud-rock flow fluid has strong corrasion to drainage groove, is easy to cause the damage inactivation of bottom land; Therefore, the V-type groove exist energy dissipating not enough, can't be applicable to gradient greater than 20% defective.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and lead, have simultaneously higher energy dissipation rate and good row leads ability, energy dissipating row leads the muddy water stream drainage groove of taking into account based on ladder energy dissipating and groove row, and in any gradient, the arbitrarily application in the debris flow of fluid properties.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of energy dissipating row that the present invention proposes leads the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, and comprises the drainage groove base plate of full lining cutting and the drainage groove side wall of both sides thereof.Described drainage groove base plate is continuously continuous consist of stepped of some grades of steps, step is provided with groove, the width of groove on the step end face flows to along mud-rock flow and becomes gradually large, the width of groove on the step vertical plane diminishes from high to low gradually, and groove overlaps with the Breadth Maximum B of groove on the step vertical plane at the Breadth Maximum on the step end face.When mud-rock flow is flowed through drainage groove of the present invention, in vertical direction, owing to there is step, huge adjustment appears in the mud-rock flow streamline, by the interaction between the interaction between the mud-rock flow internal particle and mud-rock flow and the bottom land, the most of energy that can the cancellation mud-rock flow has; Flowing on the direction, because step is provided with groove, therefore on the one-level step, the mud-rock flow at diverse location place has different flow velocitys, and there is obvious shearing motion in mud-rock flow inside, helps subduing of mud-rock flow energy.Simultaneously, because groove has been clipped the part of step even whole height, the mud-rock flow energy in the groove is subdued limited, so the groove on the step can prevent the alluvial of mud-rock flow at the bottom of the step type slot.That groove adopts is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, flow to front wide and rear narrow structure along mud-rock flow mainly is the conveyance capacity that affects mud-rock flow in order to prevent boulder in the mud-rock flow to be stuck in the groove.
Be equipped with a groove on every one-level step.Groove is symmetrical along the drainage groove center line.The shape of groove is preferably two kinds: the cross section of groove (i.e. all planes parallel with the step vertical plane) for trapezoidal, groove is trapezoidal at the step end face, and it is trapezoidal that groove also is on the step vertical plane; Or the cross section of groove (i.e. all planes parallel with the step vertical plane) be triangle, and groove is triangular in shape on the step end face, and groove is also triangular in shape on the step vertical plane.When bottom land gradient α greater than 10% the time, the cross section of groove is trapezoidal, groove is trapezoidal at the step end face; When bottom land gradient α less than or equal to 10% the time, the cross section of groove is triangle, groove is triangular in shape on the step end face, this moment, groove was a triangular pyramid, can effectively prevent the mud-rock flow alluvial, improved row and led ability.
When the cross section of groove be trapezoidal, when groove is trapezoidal at the step end face, the Breadth Maximum B of groove on the step vertical plane is more than or equal to 1/3 drainage groove width B
0, simultaneously less than or equal to the drainage groove width B
0The minimum widith b1 of groove on the step vertical plane is more than or equal to 1/4 drainage groove width B
0, simultaneously less than the drainage groove width B
0Groove equals the minimum widith b1 of groove on the step vertical plane at the minimum widith b2 on the step end face; The height h of groove on the step vertical plane is more than or equal to 1/2 shoulder height H, simultaneously less than or equal to shoulder height H; The length of groove on the step end face equals length of bench L.
When the cross section of groove be triangle, when groove is triangular in shape on the step end face, the Breadth Maximum B of groove on the step vertical plane equals the drainage groove width B
0The height h of groove on the step vertical plane equals shoulder height H; The length of groove on the step end face equals length of bench L; Minimum widith b2 on the step end face is 0 to groove at the minimum widith b1 on the step vertical plane and groove.At this moment, there is not step in the step center line, and mud-rock flow is in acceleration mode always under Action of Gravity Field, can effectively prevent the mud-rock flow alluvial.
The gradient β of step end face is more than or equal to 0, simultaneously less than bottom land gradient α (be step end face maintenance level or exist less than bottom land gradient α than small inclination).The line of step drift angles at different levels is parallel with ditch bed bed surface.In the certain situation of the upstream and downstream drainage groove discrepancy in elevation, can be by the length of adjusting the single-stage step and the numbers of steps of highly controlling drainage groove, to improve energy dissipation rate.Length of bench L and shoulder height H are mainly determined by factors such as the content of bottom land gradient α, mud-rock flow fluid properties, fluid no particulate matter and granular sizes.Owing to have vertical drop between the two-stage step, when there is the larger solid particle of particle diameter (such as erratic boulder etc.) in internal fluid, should carry out consolidation process to the next stage step surface, avoid destroying because of the bottom land that bulky grain bump step end face causes.
Energy dissipating of the present invention row leads the debris flow drainage groove taken into account for the fluids of different nature such as viscous mud-flow, diluted debris flow and high-sand flow under the different groove gradient conditions, all has good row to lead effect and higher energy dissipation rate; Be applicable to the debris flow of any gradient, any fluid properties.The mud-rock flow of described any fluid properties can be to contain the sand current, or diluted debris flow, or viscous mud-flow etc.Situation for viscosity lower (containing sand current or diluted debris flow), bottom land gradient large (greater than 10%) can suitably reduce length of bench L and shoulder height H, increases the quantity of step, helps subduing of mud-rock flow energy; Simultaneously, also should reduce groove and take up space, adopt the cross section be trapezoidal, on step end face and step vertical plane, all be trapezoidal groove, give full play to the advantage of ladder energy dissipating, subdue mud-rock flow kinetic energy, reduce debris flow velocity, thereby reach the purpose of safe earial drainage.And in the situation higher in viscosity, that groove gradient is less (less than or equal to 10%), by increasing length of bench L and shoulder height H, reduce numbers of steps, increase simultaneously recess space, the employing cross section is equal groove triangular in shape on triangle, step end face and the step vertical plane, give full play to the advantage that groove row leads, guarantee that drainage groove has higher discharge capacity, effectively solve the alluvial difficult problem of mud-rock flow.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt stepped design to consume the mud-rock flow energy along journey, the row who adopts simultaneously groove design to help mud-rock flow leads, so that debris flow drainage groove of the present invention had both had higher usefulness rate, has again good row and leads ability; By regulating shoulder height and length, adjusting grooves size and shape, so that debris flow drainage groove of the present invention can be used for the debris flow of any gradient, any fluid properties.
Compare with Dongchuan groove, the present invention adopts ladder energy dissipating form, without the rib sill of transverse projections, can prevent effectively that the mud-rock flow of high-speed motion is to the impact failure of drainage groove part in the groove; Because adopt full lining cutting base plate, so that the present invention has good impact-resisting wear-resisting ability, application life is more permanent, has guaranteed that simultaneously mud-rock flow has rational flow velocity, the row who has improved drainage groove leads ability.
Compare with the V-type groove, the present invention adopts stepped design, so that mud-rock flow exists phase mutual friction between mud-rock flow and the table top, collision effect when the upper level step drops into the next stage step, energy obtains part and subdues, simultaneously since the design of groove so that also have current difference with mud-rock flow on the one-level step, thereby increased phase mutual friction, blending between the mud-rock flow inside, helped subduing of energy, and unlike mud-rock flow in the V-type groove, be in acceleration mode always.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the groove cross section is trapezoidal, the debris flow drainage groove schematic top plan view of groove when the step end face is trapezoidal.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional schematic of A-A among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional schematic of C-C among Fig. 1, also is schematic cross-sectional view.
Fig. 4 is that the groove cross section is trapezoidal, the debris flow drainage groove schematic perspective view of groove when the step end face is trapezoidal.
Fig. 5 is that the groove cross section is triangle, the debris flow drainage groove schematic top plan view when groove is triangular in shape on the step end face.
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional schematic of A-A among Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional schematic of C-C among Fig. 5, also is schematic cross-sectional view.
Fig. 8 is that the groove cross section is triangle, the debris flow drainage groove schematic perspective view when groove is triangular in shape on the step end face.
Number in the figure is as follows:
1 step, 2 drainage groove side walls
The Breadth Maximum of 3 groove B grooves on the step vertical plane
B
0The height of drainage groove width h groove on the step vertical plane
The minimum widith of H shoulder height b1 groove on the step vertical plane
The minimum widith of L length of bench b2 groove on the step end face
The gradient of α bottom land gradient β step end face
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described.
Embodiment one
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4.For drainage area 0.5km
2, unit weight is 1700kg/m
3, groove gradient is that 25%(is that bottom land gradient α equals 25%) diluted debris flow, at P
2%Design standard under, the mud-rock flow flow is 20m
3/ s intends building energy dissipating row along this mud-rock flow raceway groove and leads the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account.The drainage groove initiating terminal is 48.0m with the vertical discrepancy in elevation of end, and the drainage groove total length is 198.0m.Its structure comprises the drainage groove base plate of full lining cutting and the drainage groove side wall 2 of both sides thereof, and described drainage groove base plate is continuously continuous consist of stepped of 40 grades of steps 1, and the line of step 1 drift angles at different levels is parallel with ditch bed bed surface; Be equipped with a groove 3 on every one-level step 1, groove 3 is symmetrical along the drainage groove center line, the width of groove 3 on step 1 end face flows to along mud-rock flow and becomes gradually large, the width of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane diminishes from high to low gradually, and groove 3 overlaps with the Breadth Maximum B of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane at the Breadth Maximum on step 1 end face.
Because diluted debris flow viscosity is lower, accelerating comparatively fast in the motion process downstream, so fluid itself has higher kinetic energy, when it arrives the downstream zone of protection, can cause serious destruction, so most of energy of mud-rock flow will be consumed in the drainage groove, so employing is with the ladder drainage groove of trapezoidal groove.The cross section of groove 3 is up big and down small inverted trapezoidal, groove 3 step 1 end face be flow to along mud-rock flow pre-large post-small trapezoidal; The drainage groove width B
0Be 2.0m, the Breadth Maximum B of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane is 1.2m, and the minimum widith b2 on step 1 end face is 0.8m to groove 3 at the minimum widith b1 on step 1 vertical plane and groove 3; Step 1 height H is 1.2m, and the height h of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane is 0.6m; Step 1 length L is 4.8m, and the length of groove 3 on step 1 end face is 4.8m; The gradient β of step 1 end face is 0.1.
Embodiment two
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4.The place identical with embodiment one be repeated description no longer, and difference is: mud-rock flow unit weight is 1300kg/m
3, in order to strengthen the turbulent fluctuation of debris flow body, further improve the drainage groove energy dissipation rate, 1 height of step among the embodiment one and length are reduced, increase step 1 quantity, the drainage groove base plate is continuously continuous consist of stepped of 60 grades of steps 1.Step 1 height H is 0.8m, and the height h of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane is 0.4m; Step 1 length L is 3.2m, and the length of groove 3 on step 1 end face is 3.2m; The gradient β of step 1 end face is 0.
Embodiment three
Such as Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8.For drainage area 3.5km
2, unit weight is 2200kg/m
3, groove gradient is that 8%(is that bottom land gradient α equals 8%) viscous mud-flow, at P
2%Design standard under, the mud-rock flow flow is 60m
3/ s intends building energy dissipating row along this mud-rock flow raceway groove and leads the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account.The drainage groove initiating terminal is 48.0m with the vertical discrepancy in elevation of end, and the drainage groove total length is 602.0m.Its structure comprises the drainage groove base plate of full lining cutting and the drainage groove side wall 2 of both sides thereof, and described drainage groove base plate is continuously continuous consist of stepped of 24 grades of steps 1, and the line of step 1 drift angles at different levels is parallel with ditch bed bed surface; Be equipped with a groove 3 on every one-level step 1, groove 3 is symmetrical along the drainage groove center line, the width of groove 3 on step 1 end face flows to along mud-rock flow and becomes gradually large, the width of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane diminishes from high to low gradually, and groove 3 overlaps with the Breadth Maximum B of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane at the Breadth Maximum on step 1 end face.
Because drainage groove bottom land gradient α is less than 10%, deposit in ladder in order to prevent mud-rock flow, thus adopt ladder drainage groove with triangular groove, to reduce at the bottom of the step type slot viscous flow effect to mud-rock flow.The cross section of groove 3 is up big and down small del, and groove 3 is along mud-rock flow at step 1 end face and flows to pre-large post-small triangle; The drainage groove width B
0Be 4.0m, the Breadth Maximum B of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane is 4.0m; Step 1 height H is 2.0m, and the height h of groove 3 on step 1 vertical plane is 2.0m; Step 1 length L is 25.0m, and the length of groove 3 on step 1 end face is 25.0m; The gradient β of step 1 end face is 0.
Claims (10)
1. the debris flow drainage groove of leading to take into account is arranged in an energy dissipating, comprise the drainage groove base plate of full lining cutting and the drainage groove side wall (2) of both sides thereof, it is characterized in that: described drainage groove base plate is continuously continuous consist of stepped of some grades of steps (1), step (1) is provided with groove (3), the width of groove (3) on step (1) end face flows to along mud-rock flow and becomes gradually large, the width of groove (3) on step (1) vertical plane diminishes from high to low gradually, and groove (3) overlaps with the Breadth Maximum B of groove (3) on step (1) vertical plane at the Breadth Maximum on step (1) end face.
2. energy dissipating row according to claim 1 leads the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, and it is characterized in that: be equipped with a groove (3) on every one-level step (1).
3. energy dissipating row according to claim 2 leads the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, and it is characterized in that: groove (3) is symmetrical along the drainage groove center line.
4. arrange to 3 arbitrary described energy dissipatings according to claim 1 and lead the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, it is characterized in that: the cross section of groove (3) is trapezoidal, and groove (3) is trapezoidal at step (1) end face; Or the cross section of groove (3) is triangle, and groove (3) is triangular in shape on step (1) end face.
5. energy dissipating according to claim 4 row leads the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, and it is characterized in that: when bottom land gradient α greater than 10% the time, the cross section of groove (3) is trapezoidal, groove (3) is trapezoidal at step (1) end face; When bottom land gradient α less than or equal to 10% the time, the cross section of groove (3) is triangle, groove (3) is triangular in shape on step (1) end face.
6. energy dissipating row according to claim 5 leads the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, it is characterized in that: when the cross section of groove (3) be trapezoidal, when groove (3) is trapezoidal at step (1) end face, the Breadth Maximum B of groove (3) on step (1) vertical plane is more than or equal to 1/3 drainage groove width B
0, simultaneously less than or equal to the drainage groove width B
0The minimum widith b1 of groove (3) on step (1) vertical plane is more than or equal to 1/4 drainage groove width B
0, simultaneously less than the drainage groove width B
0Groove (3) equals the minimum widith b1 of groove (3) on step (1) vertical plane at the minimum widith b2 on step (1) end face; The height h of groove (3) on step (1) vertical plane is more than or equal to 1/2 step (1) height H, simultaneously less than or equal to step (1) height H; The length of groove (3) on step (1) end face equals step (1) length L.
7. energy dissipating row according to claim 5 leads the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, it is characterized in that: when the cross section of groove (3) be triangle, when groove (3) is triangular in shape on step (1) end face, the Breadth Maximum B of groove (3) on step (1) vertical plane equals the drainage groove width B
0The height h of groove (3) on step (1) vertical plane equals step (1) height H; The length of groove (3) on step (1) end face equals step (1) length L.
8. arrange to 3 arbitrary described energy dissipatings according to claim 1 and lead the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, it is characterized in that: the gradient β of step (1) end face is more than or equal to 0, simultaneously less than bottom land gradient α; The line of steps at different levels (1) drift angle is parallel with ditch bed bed surface.
9. energy dissipating row as claimed in claim 1 leads the application of the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, and it is characterized in that: the debris flow that is applicable to any gradient, any fluid properties.
10. energy dissipating according to claim 9 row leads the application of the debris flow drainage groove of taking into account, and it is characterized in that: the mud-rock flow of described any fluid properties is for containing the sand current, or diluted debris flow, or viscous mud-flow.
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| CN103806410A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mountain torrent debris flow drainage trough of stair-double pond structure and application thereof |
| CN104631378A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-20 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Viscous debris flow rectangular drainage groove depth measuring and calculating method and application |
| CN104895013A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-09 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Calculation method for design longitudinal shrinking slope of ladder-pool debris flow drainage groove and application |
| CN107806065A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-16 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of stage beam pattern debris flow drainage groove and its application |
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| CN107806065A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-16 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of stage beam pattern debris flow drainage groove and its application |
| CN107806065B (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2023-02-28 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Stage beam flow type debris flow drainage groove and application thereof |
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