CN102925125B - 用作隔离液的原位微乳液 - Google Patents
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- C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
- C09K8/524—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning organic depositions, e.g. paraffins or asphaltenes
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
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Abstract
可在烃回收操作期间在用OBM或SBM钻井之后使用一种或多种处理液原位形成具有过量的油或水或两者的纳米乳液、细乳液、微乳液体系(Winsor III)或单相微乳液(Winsor IV)。所述具有过量的油或水或两者的纳米乳液、细乳液、微乳液体系或单相微乳液从井和井眼表面移出油和固体。在一个非限制性实施方案中,单相微乳液(SPME)或其它原位形成的流体可由极性相、非极性相、至少一种增粘剂和至少一种表面活性剂产生。
Description
本申请是中国专利申请号200880013045.5的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及在油井钻孔之后从井眼中移出或清除油基钻井液(OBM)或合成基钻井液(SBM)的方法和组合物,且更具体地,在一个非限制性实施方案中,涉及使用在处理液(fluid pill)中原位形成的与过量的油或水或两者平衡的纳米乳液、细乳液、微乳液体系(Winsor III)或单相微乳液(Winsor IV)从井眼中移出或清除OBM、SBM及其它污染物的方法和组合物。
背景
在地下油井和气井的钻井中使用的钻井液以及其它钻井液应用和钻井程序是众所周知的。在旋转钻井中,有多种对钻井液(也称为钻井泥浆或简单称为“泥浆”)所预期的作用和特性。钻井液应该运载来自钻头下面的切屑和其它微粒,将它们运输穿过环空,并容许它们在表面上分离,而同时冷却并清洁旋转钻头。钻井泥浆还打算降低钻柱与孔侧面之间的磨擦力,同时保持钻孔的暴露部分的稳定性。配制钻井液以防止地层流体从透水岩渗透而不想要的流入。钻井液还可用于收集并解释得自于钻屑、芯部和电法测井(electrical log)的信息。应了解,在本文中所要求保护的发明的范围内,术语“钻井液”还包含“钻进液”和“完井液”。
钻井液通常根据它们的基液分类。在水基泥浆中,固体颗粒悬浮在水或盐水中。油可在该水中乳化。尽管如此,该水为连续相。盐水基钻井液当然为水基泥浆(WBM),其中水性组分为盐水。油基泥浆(OBM)为相反的或颠倒的。固体颗粒悬浮在油中,且水或盐水在该油中乳化,且因此该油为连续相。油基泥浆可为全油基粗乳液或油包水粗乳液,其还被称为逆乳液。在油基泥浆中,油可由包括但不限于柴油、矿物 油、酯或α-烯烃的任何油组成。如果与通过常规炼油技术所生产的油相比,该油为合成的,则该泥浆为合成基泥浆或SBM。非水性泥浆可称作以O/SBM速记(short hand)的一类。
对于选择或使用用于油和/或气勘探的钻井液的那些人显而易见的是,所选流体的基本组分适当平衡以获得对于具体最终应用的必要特性。因为需要钻井液同时执行许多任务,所以该合乎需要的平衡并不总是容易获得。
隔离液为用于物理上分隔一种专用液体与另一专用液体的液体。专用液体通常遭受污染,因此在两者之间使用与两者相容的隔离液。常见的隔离液简单地是水,但同样典型的是溶剂基隔离液和含有大部分互溶溶剂的隔离液。然而,经常加入其它化学品以增强流体对于特定操作的性能。隔离液主要是在改变泥浆类型或从泥浆改变为完井液时使用。在前者情况下,油基流体必须与水基流体保持分隔。隔离液的其它常见用途是在固井操作期间将泥浆与水泥分隔开。对于固井来说,化学处理过的水性隔离液或隔离液序列通常将钻井泥浆与随后泵送到井下的水泥浆分隔开。清洁用隔离液同样广泛用于在钻入井眼部分之后清洁套管、提升管及其它设备。清洁用隔离液不仅从井眼中移出剩余钻井液,而且还移出切屑、加重剂颗粒(例如重晶石)及其它残留油质碎片和污染物。
实际上,在整个井眼的完井程序中在井眼中驱替钻井液或钻进液变成澄清盐水已成为一项非常重要的过程,它导致优化的烃回收。不良驱替可导致低于计划生产率,此归因于由于泥浆残余沉积物留在包括金属和/或地层面的井眼表面上引起的地层损害。低效驱替的其它后果包括粘住装填器、完井工具定位问题、钻探设备和过滤时间增加、处理成本增加和腐蚀麻点增加。驱替液和隔离液通常含有至少一种表面活性剂、任选至少一种增粘剂,且设计成尽可能接近于“活塞流”或层流。另一方面,设计一些隔离液用来提供湍流以进一步洗掉油和油质碎片。它们可用来驱替O/SBM和WBM两者。
如果能发明帮助并改善清除残留OBM、SBM和任何碎片或其它污染 物的能力并更彻底地将其移出而不引起额外的地层损害的组合物和方法,则这将是合乎需要的。
发明概述
在一种非限制性的形式中,提供了从井眼中移出油基泥浆或合成基泥浆(O/SBM)的至少一部分的方法,包括用O/SBM在烃储层中钻井眼。将处理液泵送到该井眼中,其中所述处理液含有至少一种表面活性剂、任选至少一种增粘剂和水或盐水。所需要的处理液(pill)密度通过加入增浓剂如重晶石而获得。一旦将处理液泵送到井下并使其与OBM接触,OBM的油和油质组分将乳化到隔离液中,在井眼中形成原位乳液。该乳液接触O/SBM并基本上将其从井眼中移出。通过该方法还可移出微粒及其它碎片。可预期本文中的方法除准备用于固井操作之外在提供用于清洁套管、提升管及其它井下设备的改善的清洁用处理液、隔离液、驱替液等方面找到特殊用途。
在一个非限制性实施方案中,使用至少两种相继泵送的处理液。将第一处理液泵送到井眼中,其中该第一处理液为含有至少一种加重剂、至少一种表面活性剂、至少一种增粘剂和水或盐水的增重的驱离隔离液。盐水在本文中定义为含有一种或多种盐的水;规定术语“盐水”包括海水。在第一处理液之后,将第二处理液泵送到井眼中。第二处理液包括至少一种表面活性剂、水或盐水(即含有盐的水,例如海水)。再一次,当这些处理液接触O/SBM时,在井眼中与在井眼中遇到的残留OBM原位形成乳液。第一处理液和/或第二处理液还可含有任选的助表面活性剂。第二处理液中的表面活性剂可与第一处理液中的表面活性剂相同或不同。两种处理液的其它属性在于它们将表面的润湿性从油润湿改变为水润湿。
在一个替代的实施方案中,另外提供了包括极性相、非极性相、表面活性剂(在一种非限制性的情况下为聚甘油酯表面活性剂)和至少一种增粘剂的热力学稳定的宏观上均匀的的单相微乳液(SPME)。
附图简述
图1为在两种不同温度下作为油基泥浆与驱替隔离液A的共混物的 组成的函数的屈服点的图;且
图2为用于模拟涂有合成基泥浆的钻孔壁的玻璃烧杯的一系列八张照片,其中加入并移出两种不同的隔离液以显示它们效果。
详细描述
已经发现了通过使用原位产生的乳液,特别是微乳液,从井和井眼表面驱替并清除油基钻井液或合成基钻井液以及其它井眼污染物质的方法和组合物。该井眼通过形成原位乳液、细乳液、微乳液或纳米乳液的一种或多种相继泵送的处理液或隔离液的体系而进行清洁。在一个非限制性实施方案中,已经发现细乳液、微乳液、纳米乳液和单相乳液特别有用。
在两种相继泵送的处理液或隔离液的体系中,第一处理液为具有单一表面活性剂或表面活性剂包、加重剂、增粘剂和淡水或盐水(例如海水)的增重的驱离隔离液。在一个非限制性的变型中,在一个非限制性实例中,所述表面活性剂包可包括烷基多糖苷和聚甘油酯。第二处理液可为具有单一表面活性剂或表面活性剂包和水或盐水的清洁用隔离液。第二处理液的单一表面活性剂或表面活性剂包可与第一处理液的单一表面活性剂或表面活性剂包相同或不同。在仅使用一种处理液的实施方案中,该处理液可含有单一表面活性剂或表面活性剂包、任选至少一种增粘剂和淡水或盐水(例如海水)。可使用两种或更多种相继泵送的处理液。
所描述的隔离液的另一任选的应用是在井眼中先于水泥浆从环形空间驱替钻井液,例如以预冲洗的形式。可配制水性的先导隔离液(aqueous lead spacers)以使驱替的钻井液与水泥浆之间的混合最小化以及从环形空间清除污染物质并通过原位乳液的产生使井眼表面水润湿。
更具体地,O/SBM与极性相(通常为水)和表面活性剂接触将OBM或SBM转化为纳米乳液、细乳液、微乳液(Winsor III)和/或单相微乳液(SPME)如Winsor IV或类似化学的,如将要更加详细地描述的。单相微乳液可定义为双连续水包油(O/W)或油包水(W/O)的。在本发明现象的 一种非限制性的解释中,O/W SPME接触油基泥浆并形成水连续的(水包油)微乳液。该接触可通过以正常或常规方式流通井而实现,该方式是指泵送流体穿过包括钻孔和所有构成主要体系的地表罐的整个活性流体体系。在一些非限制性的实施方案中,可获得益处而不流通井或基本不流通井,但在很多情况下可以预期的是流通井可改善总体结果。如所说明的,同时已经发现微乳液、细乳液或纳米乳液可在井下原位形成。也就是说,不必在地表形成微乳液并将其泵送到井下。
更具体地,本文中的方法和组合物包括使用原位形成的流体如微乳液来移出油基泥浆(OBM)或合成油基泥浆(SBM),其包括由这些泥浆形成的残留油质碎片及其它污染物(如来自重晶石加重剂),和将这些表面和颗粒的润湿性从油润湿性逆转为水润湿性并消除或最小化在用SBM或OBM钻的油井中的井眼损害。当至少一种表面活性剂和极性相(通常为水,但不限于水)接触OBM或SBM并使O/SBM的非极性物质溶解时,可形成原位流体(例如微乳液、纳米乳液等)。在本文中应理解术语OBM包含SBM。
形成原位流体的益处之一在于清洁用流体在配制中不需要任何油或溶剂,当与井下OBM或SBM接触时,这赋予更高的油结合能力或清洁能力。另一益处在于固体颗粒及其它污染物质(如果存在的话)由油润湿性转变为水润湿性。因为在流体例如微乳液或纳米乳液的原位形成期间,接触了OBM(或SBM)并使微粒和碎片由油润湿性转变为水润湿性,所以表面活性剂或表面活性剂共混物和极性相(例如水)还可含有一种或多种增粘剂。在很多情况下,表面活性剂可为表面活性剂共混物且经常为表面活性剂-助表面活性剂混合物,其中该助表面活性剂为短的两亲性物质如醇(在非限定性实例中,为以它们的不同异构体形式存在的丙醇、丁醇、戊醇)以及二醇和乙氧基化的和丙氧基化的醇或酚。
应了解,对于本发明的方法和其组合物,没有必要认为移出所有OBM或SBM或所有污染物颗粒才是成功的。如果与不使用原位流体(例如单相微乳液)相比,使用使用原位流体(例如单相微乳液)移出了更多的O/SBM、颗粒及其它污染物,则获得了成功。或者,如果移出O/SBM、 碎片及其它污染物的至少一部分,则认为本文中的方法和组合物是成功的。在一个非限制性实施方案中,O/SBM、碎片和/或其它污染物的至少大部分(>50%)被移出,在本文上下文中认为此为基本上移出。一般来说,当然希望尽可能多地移出OBM/SBM、污染物和碎片。
与缺乏原位流体(例如SPME)的其它相同的方法和组合物相比,本文中的方法和组合物具有以下优势:通过避免完井设备(独立筛、可扩展筛、砾石充填包等)被残留碎片堵塞而降低对井的潜在损害,并因此增加烃回收和/或增加注水速率。微乳液为以下至少三种组分的热力学稳定的宏观上均匀的混合物:极性相和非极性相(通常但不限于水和有机相)和至少一种表面活性剂(经常多于一种表面活性剂,例如具有助表面活性剂如醇、二醇或酚或它们的烷氧基衍生物,特别是当使用离子表面活性剂时),如在以下参考文献中所提及:J.L.Salager和R.E.Anton,“离子微乳液(Ionic Microemulsions)”,第8章,在P.Kumar和K.L.Mittal编辑的《微乳液科技手册》(Handbook of Microemulsion Science and Technology),Marcel Dekker Inc.New York1999,第247-280页中。微乳液自发形成且明显有别于热力学不稳定的粗乳液,后者的形成依靠剧烈的混合能量。微乳液在本领域中为众所周知的,且注意力郑重地涉及S.Ezrahi、A.Aserin和N.Garti,“第7章:单相(Winsor IV)微乳液体系的聚结行为(Aggregation Behavior in One-Phase(Winsor IV)Microemulsion Systems)”,在P.Kumar和K.L.Mittal编辑的《微乳液科技手册》(Handbook of Microemulsion Science and Technology),Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1999,第185-246页中。
所引用的章节描述了由Winsor定义的微乳液相制剂的类型:Winsor I、Winsor II和Wins or III。体系或制剂定义为:当其含有与过量的油相平衡的微乳液时,Winsor I;当其含有与过量的水平衡的微乳液时,Winsor II;和当其含有与过量的水和过量的油平衡的中相微乳液时,Wins or III。作者还描述了没有过量的油或过量的水的单相微乳液Winsor IV。虽然不希望受任何一种理论的限制,但认为在本方法中形成的微乳液和本方法的组合物为Winsor IV型,这基本上是指整个隔离液体系为微乳液相。“基本上”在一个非限制性实施方案中是指大于隔离液体系的50%,且或者在另一非限制性变型中,是指大于隔离液体系的50%。热力学稳定的单相Winsor IV微乳液并且可通过配方或组成方面的改变演变形成细乳液或纳米乳液,该细乳液或纳米乳液为可长时间稳定但并非如微乳液般永久稳定的具有亚微米尺寸液滴的两相体系,如在以下参考文献中所说明:J.L.Salager,在Emulsions and Emulsion Stability(乳液和乳液稳定性)中的“乳液相逆转现象(Emulsion Phase Inversion Phenomena)”,J.编辑,第2版,第4章,第185-226页,Taylor和Francis,London(2006)。
适于使用本文中的这些方法产生原位流体(例如单相微乳液)的表面活性剂包括但不必限于非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂,且尤其是它们的共混物。助溶剂或助表面活性剂如醇为在微乳液配制中使用的任选的添加剂。合适的非离子表面活性剂包括但不必限于烷基多糖苷、脱水山梨糖醇酯、甲基糖苷酯、醇乙氧基化物或聚乙二醇酯。在一个非限制性变型中,聚乙二醇酯是特别合适的。合适的阳离子表面活性剂包括但不必限于精氨酸甲酯、烷醇胺和亚烷基二酰胺。合适的阴离子表面活性剂包括但不必限于碱金属的烷基硫酸盐、烷基或烷基芳基磺酸盐、直链或支链的烷基醚硫酸盐和磺酸盐、醇聚丙氧基化的和/或聚乙氧基化的硫酸盐、烷基或烷基芳基二磺酸盐、烷基焦硫酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、直链和支链的醚硫酸盐和它们的混合物。在一个非限制性实施方案中,可使用共混物形式的至少两种表面活性剂来原位产生单相微乳液以及另一原位流体。合适的表面活性剂还可包括含有非离子间隔臂中心伸出部(spacer-arm central extension)和离子或非离子极性基团的表面活性剂。在非限制性实施方案中,该非离子间隔臂中心伸出部可为聚丙氧基化、聚乙氧基化的结果或两者的混合物。
适于本文中的方法和组合物的其它表面活性剂包括但不限于在以下文献中论述的表面活性剂:M.J.Rosen,表面活性剂和界面现象(Surfactants and I nterfacial Phenomena),第二版,John Wiley&Sons Inc.,1989;和K.Holmber,“新表面活性剂(Novel Surfactants)”,在表面活性剂科学系列(Surfactant Science Series),第74卷,Marcel Dekker Inc,New York,1998中。
在本文中的另一非限制性实施方案中,所述原位流体制剂(例如粗乳液、纳米乳液等)可含有助表面活性剂,该助表面活性剂可为具有约3至约10个碳原子的醇,在另一非限制性实施方案中,其可为具有约4至约6个碳原子的醇。合适的助表面活性剂的具体实例包括但不必限于丁醇。这些助表面活性剂可被烷氧基化,例如乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化,尽管大多数情况下应该存在充分的乙氧基化以实现所述方法的目的。在一个非限制性实施方案中,乙氧基单元的数目为约3至约15个,或者从约6个,独立地最多达约10个。
在一个非限制性变型中,可使用任选的助表面活性剂。与表面活性剂一起使用的助表面活性剂的比例难以预先确定,且一般来说且可受许多相关因素影响,所述因素包括但不必限于表面活性剂的性质、助表面活性剂的性质、待移出、驱替或以其它方式影响的钻井液的类型、井眼条件等。在一个非限制性实施方案中,合适的隔离液包括多糖苷与聚甘油酯(如自Oleon N.V.购得的PG8-10酯)的表面活性剂共混物,其具有3.4/1的游离OH/酯化OH摩尔比,任选具有被7.5或更高EO乙氧基化的烷基醇。
在另一非限制性实施方案中,所述原位流体(例如单相微乳液)含有非极性液体,其可包括合成流体,该合成流体包括但不必限于酯流体;链烷烃(如得自Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids的PARA-TEQTM流体)和异构化的烯烃(如得自Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids的ISO-TEQTM)。然而,在制备本文中的流体体系中,柴油和矿物油如ESCAID110(得自Exxon)或EDC99-DW油(得自TOTAL)也可用作非极性液体。其它合适的非极性液体包括但不必限于柠檬烯、二甲苯、互溶溶剂等。如先前提到的,原位形成所述流体(例如纳米乳液、单相微乳 液等)的优势在于需要使用更少的非极性液体(与预形成的微乳液相比),因为该非极性液体在OBM(或SBM)本身中存在。这赋予微乳液更高的能力(例如吸收油的能力)。
在相继使用两种处理液的非限制性情形中,第一处理液可为含有一种或多种加重剂的增重的驱离隔离液。加重剂是用于增加密度的高比重和精细分开的固体物质。合适的加重剂包括但不必限于重晶石、赤铁矿、艾里米特(ilemite)、菱铁矿等。
本文中的处理液、增重的驱离隔离液及其它处理液还可含有至少一种增粘剂。增粘剂为增加处理液的粘度的组分。合适的增粘剂包括但不必限于可水合的多糖例如黄原胶(其可为交联的或可为不交联的)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)或羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、粘弹性表面活性剂、合成聚合物例如聚丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺的共聚物、聚丙烯酸酯、粘土例如膨润土、海泡石和硅镁土等和它们的混合物。
应了解,待产生或形成的原位流体的量和待加入或待包括的用于原位形成的组分(极性组分和表面活性剂和助表面活性剂(如果存在的话))的量通常难以预先相当精确地确定和预测,因为它们取决于许多相关因素,所述因素包括但不必限于:盐水类型;O/SBM类型;形成的温度;所用的特定表面活性剂或表面活性剂共混物;所用的特定助表面活性剂(如果存在的话)等。尽管如此,为了给出所用量的一些意见,在一个非限制性实施方案中,原位流体(例如单相微乳液)中的非水性组分的比例可为约1至约50体积%,且在另一非限制性实施方案中,可从约5体积%独立地最高达约20体积%。
预期盐水将是原位流体(例如SPME)的常见组分,且预期任何常用盐水和产生它们的盐适于本文中的组合物和方法。虽然预期水为用于制造原位微乳液的极性液体,但应了解其它极性液体如醇和二醇可单独或与水一起使用。
进一步具体地,本文中的方法和组合物可涉及设计用来物理上改变OBM(例如逆乳液)的一步法清除隔离液。本发明的方法物理上改变O/SBM、结合到原位形成的SPME(例如)且随后进一步微乳化或吸收的任 何所得油组分或碎片的性质。在外部油转化为水中的内部乳化油加上油润湿颗粒转化为水润湿颗粒的情况下,O/SBM的大部分和任何剩余碎片或污染物被移出或微尺寸化到仅最小或减少量的损害组分保留在储层面上的程度。
在另一非限制性实施方案中,适用于产生盐水的盐包括但不必限于氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、溴化钠、溴化钙、溴化锌、甲酸钠、甲酸钾、甲酸铯和它们的组合。盐水的密度可为约8.4磅/加仑至约17磅/加仑(约1至约2kg/L),尽管在本文中的别处可给出其它密度。
所述原位流体(例如单相微乳液)处理可由不同的盐水和油共混物组成。该组合物取决于所用隔离液的所需密度和配方。
该技术不需要或不判别任何逆乳液。换句话说,单相微乳液可适用于针对任何OBM体系的驱替或清除,而与用于配制泥浆的基油类型或乳化剂无关。该多功能性容许操作人员根据井眼需要灵活配制钻井液。在一些现有方法中情况不是这样,其中需要非常具体的胺乳化剂,因为它们需要酸质子化来逆转润湿性。在一个非限制性实施方案中,所述方法和组合物在缺乏胺乳化剂如树脂胺和/或式为R-N-E(CH2CH2R′A)xH]2的胺乳化剂的情况下实施。
关于其它OBM或逆乳液去除方法的另一重要特征在于OBM乳液的油相溶解到单相微乳液(或其它原位流体如纳米乳液、细乳液或其它乳液形式)中。当与先前方法相比时,本发明的处理方法降低了形成微乳液所必需的能量。该效能减少了起下钻数目并减少完井所需的时间。
现在,本发明将在实施例中就本发明的实际实施作进一步讨论,所述实施例不打算限制本发明,而仅仅进一步举例说明本发明。此外,虽然原位流体可称为“微乳液”或“单相微乳液”,但应了解所述方法和组合物预计适用于其它原位流体,包括但不限于细乳液、纳米乳液和所有类型的微乳液。
实施例
已开发出微乳液技术(原位SPME)来配制本文中称为隔离液A的非 常有效的隔离液产品。本文中的方法和组合物的微乳液技术使用表面活性剂与水/盐水和油的组合,该组合易于从套管、工具和其它钻井设备组件中清洁油、油基泥浆产物和固体。添加剂A和B为如上所述的表面活性剂共混物,其定制设计用来配制隔离液以从套管和提升管中清洁合成基或油基泥浆残余物并水润湿它们的表面。这些体系不含有机溶剂或烃溶剂(至少直到原位形成乳液为止)且是基于水性的。
驱替程序
添加剂A
该添加剂设计用于隔离液中以从套管中推动并清除出O/SBM且启动该清洁处理而不使用溶剂。从井眼中驱替流体体系最佳通过使用高泵送速率、钻杆旋转和粘性的增重的隔离液实现。高粘度通过在高泵送速率下使隔离液能够留在“堵塞物”中或层流流动而帮助保持隔离液的完整性。隔离液可以足够大以根据泵送速率容许5-10分钟的接触时间。钻杆旋转帮助打碎可能积聚在环空的某些部分中、特别是高度倾斜的井眼中的泥浆的胶凝袋。以层流或湍流形式泵送的隔离液将移出O/SBM和残油污染的固体。在一个非限制性实施方案中,使各隔离液在井眼中流通以接触OBM或SBM,并在环空的最大直径上覆盖环空的至少500-1000英尺(152-305米)。
该粘性推动隔离液的密度通常超过钻井液密度0.2磅/加仑(0.02kg/L)。粘度可使用D增粘剂增加到约1.5的钻井液的屈服点,以使该两种流体的混合最小化。(D增粘剂是自Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids购得的高分子量黄原胶多糖。)
添加剂B
添加剂B可用于隔离液中,该隔离液为可以以湍流形式泵送以清洁并水润湿全部金属表面的近牛顿流体。包括添加剂B的隔离液为设计用来移出全部残留碎片并溶解保留在套管及其它钻井设备组件中的任何残油或合成流体的尾部隔离液。
添加剂B可直接加入到混合竖坑中并用轻质或浆式混合器轻轻搅拌。体积基于井孔构造-通常为500英尺至1000英尺(152-305米)的最大 环空体积,且通常为50-100bbl(8-16m3)。
驱替SBM的隔离液序列汇总于表I中。或MIL-CARB高纯度加重剂自Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids购得。
表I
用于驱替合成基泥浆(SBM)的隔离液序列
流变学相容性
在40℉和150℉(4℃和66℃)下对隔离液A进行流变学相容性测试。实验程序如下,且结果示于表II和III中,且绘于图1中。
实验程序
1.将12.0磅/加仑(1.4kg/L)O/SBM泥浆在量筒中测量0体积%(0mL)、10体积%(40mL)、40体积%(160mL)、70体积%(280mL)、90体积%(360mL)和100体积%(400mL),加到不锈钢圆锥形杯中。
2.将各个圆锥形杯填充至待测试的隔离液总体积为400mL。
3.将各个样品在Hamilton Beach混合器上以6000rpm混合15分钟。
4.将该流体样品分成200mL样品。
5.为了在40℉(4℃)下测试,将样品预冷却且随后在35±5℉(1.7℃±2.8℃)温度下注入冷却夹套中。
6.为了在150℉(66℃)下测试,将样品预热且随后注入温度通过热电偶调节到150±5℉(66±2.8℃)的热杯中。
7.当隔离液被冷却或加热时,将范氏(Fann)35粘度计维持在300rpm下以便混合。
8.当将隔离液冷却到40℉(4℃)或加热到150℉(66℃)时,得到范氏读数(600、300、200、100、6、3rpm值)。
9.记录10秒和10分钟凝胶。
表II
在40℉(4℃)下具有12.0磅/加仑(1.4kg/L)SBM的隔离液A
表III
在150℉(66℃)下具有12.0磅/加仑(1.4kg/L)SBM的隔离液A
这些测试(其结果绘于图1中)显示相对于100%SBM的流变学,改变SBM/隔离液共混比例没有显著增加流变性质。这些性质由此表明隔离液将从井眼中有效驱替SBM。
因为隔离液B具有类似于水的粘度,所以流变学评估显示极低塑性粘度和屈服点。这将容许在井眼中湍流流动。
隔离液有效性-烧杯测试
在测试中使用透明玻璃烧杯来模拟钻孔壁以观察隔离液A和B如何从其表面移出泥浆。实验程序如下和显示各个阶段的照片呈现在图2中。发现两种隔离液都从烧杯中有效地移出泥浆。注意与第一张相片相比,最后两张相片中烧杯的透明度。
烧杯测试的实验程序
1.称量400mL烧杯的重量并在烧杯上涂有2克常规SBM。
2.在涂有SBM的烧杯中加入隔离液A且在范氏粘度计上以100rpm 运转10分钟。
3.倒出隔离液A。
4.在该烧杯中放入隔离液B且以100rpm运转10分钟。
5.移出隔离液B。用去离子水和乙醇非常轻柔地漂洗烧杯。
6.在真空烘箱中干燥30分钟(在75℉(24℃)下)。
7.再次称量烧杯重量以测定移出的SBM的量。该测试在40℉和150℉(4℃和55℃)下运转。
在上述说明书中,本发明已参考其具体实施方案进行描述,且已在用于从烃井眼中移出油基泥浆和合成基泥浆方面提出有效的方法和组合物。然而,显然可对其做出各种改进和改变而不脱离如所附的权利要求书所阐述的本发明的广泛范围。因此,本说明书将以说明性而非限制性意义考虑。例如,落入所要求的参数范围内但在本文中在用以改善油基泥浆或合成基泥浆的移出的特定组合物中未具体指定或尝试的用于形成单相微乳液的组分和其它用于形成原位流体的组分如表面活性剂、溶剂、非极性液体等的具体组合及其比例,预期在本发明的范围内。
本发明可适当地包括公开的要素,由公开的要素组成或基本由公开的要素组成,且可在缺乏未公开的要素的情况下实施。
权利要求中到处使用的词语“包括”和“包含”应解释为“包括但不限于”。
Claims (6)
1.热力学稳定的单相微乳液,其包含极性相、非极性相、聚甘油酯表面活性剂和至少一种增粘剂。
2.权利要求1的单相微乳液,其中所述极性相为水或盐水。
3.权利要求1的单相微乳液,其中所述极性相为选自由卤化物盐水和甲酸盐盐水组成的集合的盐水。
4.权利要求1或3的单相微乳液,其中所述非极性相选自由油基泥浆、合成基泥浆、残留油质碎片和它们的组合组成的集合。
5.权利要求1或3的单相微乳液,其还包含选自由以下物质组成的集合的第二表面活性剂:
非离子表面活性剂,其选自由烷基多糖苷、脱水山梨糖醇酯、甲基糖苷酯、烷氧基化的醇和它们的混合物组成的集合;
阴离子表面活性剂,其选自由碱金属的烷基硫酸盐、烷基或烷基芳基磺酸盐、直链或支链的烷基醚硫酸盐和磺酸盐、醇聚丙氧基化的和/或聚乙氧基化的硫酸盐、烷基或烷基芳基二磺酸盐、烷基焦硫酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、直链和支链的醚硫酸盐和它们的混合物组成的集合;和
阳离子表面活性剂,其选自由精氨酸甲酯、烷醇胺和亚烷基二酰胺和它们的混合物组成的集合。
6.权利要求5的单相微乳液,其中所述烷氧基化的醇为醇乙氧基化物。
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NO20093067A (no) | 2009-11-16 |
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NO20093067L (no) | 2009-11-16 |
BRPI0811027A2 (pt) | 2014-12-09 |
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CN101675140A (zh) | 2010-03-17 |
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