CN102922248A - Processing technique of shell-and-tube heat exchanger requiring whole stress-relief heat treatment - Google Patents
Processing technique of shell-and-tube heat exchanger requiring whole stress-relief heat treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102922248A CN102922248A CN2012104655412A CN201210465541A CN102922248A CN 102922248 A CN102922248 A CN 102922248A CN 2012104655412 A CN2012104655412 A CN 2012104655412A CN 201210465541 A CN201210465541 A CN 201210465541A CN 102922248 A CN102922248 A CN 102922248A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technique of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger requiring whole stress-relief heat treatment and provides the processing technique of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger requiring whole stress-relief heat treatment capable of effectively removing damage of harmomegathus deformation to a welding seam of a pipe head in the product, so that the related seam accords with the film detection requirements. The heat exchanger comprises a tube pass, a shell pass, and a pipe frame composed of a baffle plate, a pipe spacer and a tie bar, wherein the tube pass comprises a plurality of pipes; the shell pass comprises a barrel, and a pipe plate 1 and a pipe plate 2 of which the panels are provided with a plurality of holes; the processing technique comprises the following steps: 1) preparing the shell pass; 2) cutting off the barrel; 3) welding; 4) clamping a billet; 5) carrying out whole stress-relief heat treatment, and 6) connecting the barrel for the second time. According to the processing technique, the barrel is cut off before thermal treatment, and then two sections of the cut barrels are subjected to 'flexible' connection, so that the pressure-proof level and the quality of the heat exchanger are effectively ensured, and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement to the shell-and-tube heat exchanger processing technology; Relate in particular to the whole welding stress of eliminating of need, shell and tube sheet are butt weld simultaneously, and need the improvement of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger processing technology of film making flaw detection.
Background technology
Fixed tube sheet (shell) formula heat exchanger is a kind of energy-saving equipment of realizing that heat transmits between the material, is a kind of process equipment of generally using in industries such as oil, chemical industry, petrochemical industry, metallurgy, electric power, light industry, food.Along with the development of power-saving technology, application constantly enlarges in recent years, utilizes heat exchanger to carry out high temperature and low temperature heat energy and reclaims and brought significant economic benefit.
In fixed tube-sheet exchanger tube side and the shell side, flow through the fluid of different temperatures, finish heat exchange by heat exchange.In use when the temperature difference of two fluids is larger, for fear of higher thermal (temperature difference) stress, usually on the appropriate location of shell side, increase a compensating ring (expansion joint).When housing and tube bundle heat expand not simultaneously, compensating ring occurs slowly that strain compensates the thermal expansion that causes because of thermal (temperature difference) stress.
Along with art technology requires to improve constantly, at present, to each welding position carrying out flaw detection of need making film, purpose mainly is the intensity in order to ensure each welding position.But after welding processing, because welding stress is residual, need carry out the stress-removal heat treatment step, otherwise weld defect is not enough to remedy the effect of aforementioned compensating ring.More crucial is, when carrying out the stress-removal heat treatment step, as shown in Figure 6, pipe 1 and shell that sealing connects as one, because materials variances, size difference can cause thermal expansion different (general pipe can produce rapidly axial expansion), and then so that the welding position is impaired.This problem has become that this area needs to be resolved hurrily and technical barrier that clear and definite solution is not arranged always.
The CN102233500A that the 2011.11.09 of State Intellectual Property Office announces, title " a kind of technique for large-scale tube sheet welding and heat treatment control distortion ", the process of being out of shape in a kind of controlled working is disclosed, comprise the two large divisions in its technical scheme, the one, the processing step of control tube sheet welding distortion, the 2nd, the processing step of control tube sheet heat treatment deformation, what wherein second portion was taked is that furnace temperature, heat treatment temperature, tapping temperature are advanced in control heat treatment, and the technological means of programming rate.But explore in this technical scheme process, in the material of each parts, when difference appears in size, be difficult to determine concrete technical parameter.So that be difficult to carry out in actual applications.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above problem, provide a kind of in the heat treatment process that eliminates stress, can effectively eliminate harmomegathus distortion to tube head girth weld damage in the product, disappear and answer the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger so that relevant weld seam meets the need integral body of film making flaw detection requirement.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: described heat exchanger comprises tube side, shell side, and the pipe support that is made of deflection plate, distance sink tube and lacing wire; Described tube side comprises some pipes, and described shell side comprises that cylindrical shell and plate face offer the tube sheet one, two in some holes;
Described processing technology is carried out according to the following steps:
1), shell side preparation; Described cylindrical shell and tube sheet one, two are welded as one have the integral body of twice Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld;
2), cylindrical shell blocks; Offer a tear perpendicular to tubular axis, so that described cylindrical shell is divided into cylindrical shell one and cylindrical shell two, and offer respectively bevel for welding in tear both sides cylindrical shell one peristoma, cylindrical shell two peristomas, to the flaw detection of making film of the described Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld of twice in the step 1), stand-by;
3), welding; Take one of described cylindrical shell one or cylindrical shell two as the basis is installed, install described pipe support, in described pipe support and aforementioned installation basis, wear described some pipes; Another cylindrical shell of fit again, the positional precision of setting up each described pipe and described cylindrical shell one and cylindrical shell two is carried out Tube-sheet Welding, so that described cylindrical shell one with tube sheet one, be integrated with cylindrical shell two and some Guan Lian of tube sheet two, gets base substrate; To the some tube head girth joints that form after the welding of the described base substrate upper perforated plate flaw detection of making film;
4), clamping base substrate; Adopt the described base substrate of a guiding connection device clamping;
Described guiding connection device comprises chuck one, chuck two and some guiding pin rods, some described guiding pin rods are fixedly connected on the described chuck one, offer on the described chuck two and described guiding pin rod guide pin hole one to one, described chuck one and chuck two are flexibly connected by described guiding pin rod;
Clamp method is: the chuck one in the described guiding connection device is fixedly connected on the peristoma place of described cylindrical shell one, chuck two is fixedly connected on the peristoma place of described cylindrical shell two; Guiding pin rod between described chuck one and the chuck two is so that described cylindrical shell one and cylindrical shell two concentrics;
5), integral body disappears and answers heat treatment; To be inserted in the heat treatment furnace body by the base substrate of described guiding connection device clamping, eliminate the tempering heat treatment of welding stress;
6), the cylindrical shell secondary connects; After heat treatment was complete, the welding to tear was finished in cooling.
Disappearing to answer in described integral body also has bearing device in the heat treatment step, described bearing device comprises roller, cushion block and backing plate, and described backing plate is shelved on the bottom surface in the described body of heater, and described roller is located at described backing plate end face; The bottom of the described chuck one of the upper support of described roller and chuck two; Described cushion block is arranged between described roller and described cylindrical shell one, the cylindrical shell two; So that two described chucks and cylindrical shell one, two keep concentric and level.
Described shell side has import and outlet, and described tear is opened between import and the outlet, is partial to an end of described import.
When the cylindrical shell secondary connects, described tear is carried out spot welding fix; Then remove described guiding connection device, finish the welding to tear, make described tear girth joint.
Described tear girth joint is carried out the part to disappear and answers heat treatment.
Be welded with concave harmomegathus circle at described tear place.
The inner surface of described concave harmomegathus circle is provided with at least twice oblique groove, so that the medium in the described shell side forms eddy flow when mobile.
The present invention is at pipe, when the shell material is steel alloy, and the heating rate that respects fully this assortment pipe when temper is much higher than the shell-side cylinder heating rate, and then so that rate of deformation has the fact of notable difference.Before heat-treating, cylindrical shell is blocked (this moment, tube side and shell side still were connected as a single entity); Then adopt guiding connection device that the two-section cylindrical shell after blocking is carried out " flexibility " and connect, give to carry out the space (this variable in distance that the axial stretching of pipe causes) of variable in distance between the two; Guarantee that simultaneously concentricity, phase difference between the two-section cylindrical shell are constant.Like this, when heat treatment, can effectively avoid the damage of tube head girth joint, cylinder end and Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld.After the heat treatment, the cylindrical shell of consistent size is welded again, the welding of this moment is easy to guarantee that welding quality meets the requirement of film making flaw detection because consistent size, material are consistent.The invention solves the technical barrier that this area exists all the time, effectively guaranteed voltage withstand class and the quality of heat exchanger, prolonged service life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the structural representation after the first embodiment of the present invention makes,
Fig. 3 is the structural representation after the second embodiment of the present invention makes,
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of concave harmomegathus circle among the present invention,
Fig. 5 is the left view of Fig. 4,
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of background technology state of the present invention;
1 is pipe among the figure, the 11st, and the tube head girth joint,
The 2nd, tube sheet, the 21st, tube sheet one, 22nd, tube sheet two, 23rd, the Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld,
The 3rd, cylindrical shell, the 30th, tear, the 31st, cylindrical shell one, 32nd, cylindrical shell two, 300th, the tear girth joint,
The 4th, guiding connection device, the 41st, chuck one, 42nd, chuck two, 43rd, the guiding pin rod,
The 5th, bearing device, the 51st, roller, the 52nd, cushion block, the 53rd, backing plate,
The 6th, deflection plate, the 7th, distance sink tube,
The 8th, concave harmomegathus circle, the 80th, the harmomegathus lap welding connects domatic, and the 81st, groove.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of prior art heat exchanger, and basic comprising is: tube side comprises some pipes 1, and shell side comprises tube sheet 2, cylindrical shell 3, and heat exchanger inside is provided with the pipe support that deflection plate 6, distance sink tube 7 and lacing wire consist of.Conventional making flow process this paper repeats no more at present.For the purpose that overcomes the harmomegathus stress that alternating hot and cold forms when eliminate using: on the appropriate location of shell side, increase a compensating ring (expansion joint), like this, when cylindrical shell 3 and pipe 1 thermal expansion not simultaneously, compensating ring occurs slowly that strain compensates the thermal expansion that causes because of thermal (temperature difference) stress.
But when the heat exchanger of processing alloy steel matter (tube side, shell side), remaining unusual " powerful " of welding stress for the purpose of eliminating welding stress in the processing, also need carry out the whole heat treatment of eliminating welding stress.Because the wall of pipe is thin, the wall thickness of shell can cause the heating rate of pipe, the variation that axial deformation speed is far longer than shell, and this moment is when reaching the elimination welding stress, produced again the damage of the axial force butt welded seam that the harmomegathus distortion causes, serious even can cause weld cracking, implosion; The processing hidden danger of the required elimination of this paper that Here it is.
The present invention is shown in Fig. 1-5, and described heat exchanger comprises tube side, shell side, and the pipe support that is made of deflection plate 6, distance sink tube 7 and lacing wire; Described tube side comprises some pipes 1, and described shell side comprises that cylindrical shell 3 and plate face offer the tube sheet 1 in some holes, tube sheet 2 22;
Described processing technology is carried out according to the following steps:
1), shell side preparation; Described cylindrical shell 3 and tube sheet 1, tube sheet 2 22 are welded as one have the integral body of twice Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld 23;
2), cylindrical shell blocks; Offer a tear 30 perpendicular to cylindrical shell 3 axis, so that described cylindrical shell 3 is divided into cylindrical shell 1 and cylindrical shell 2 32, described tear 30 width are 2-4mm, and offer respectively bevel for welding in tear 30 both sides cylindrical shells one 31 peristomas, cylindrical shell 2 32 peristomas, to the flaw detection of making film of the described Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld 23 of twice in the step 1), stand-by;
3), welding; Take one of described cylindrical shell 1 or cylindrical shell 2 32 as basis (such as cylindrical shell 1) is installed, install described pipe support, in described pipe support and aforementioned installation basis (being cylindrical shell 1), wear described some pipes 1; Another cylindrical shell of fit (being cylindrical shell 2 32) again, (the setting precision is this area routine techniques to set up the positional precision of described pipe 1 and described cylindrical shell 1 and cylindrical shell 2 32, repeat no more) herein, carry out Tube-sheet Welding, so that described cylindrical shell 1 with tube sheet 1, connect with the cylindrical shell 2 32 of tube sheet 2 22 and some pipes 1 and to be integrated, get base substrate; To the some tube head girth joints 11 that form after 2 welding of the described base substrate upper perforated plate flaw detection of making film;
4), clamping base substrate; Adopt the described base substrate of a guiding connection device 4 clampings, give to carry out between both (being cylindrical shell 1 and cylindrical shell 2 32) space (this variable in distance that the axial stretching of pipe causes) of variable in distance by guiding connection device 4;
Described guiding connection device 4 comprises chuck 1, chuck 2 42 and some guiding pin rods 43, some described guiding pin rods 43 are fixedly connected on the described chuck 1, offer on the described chuck 2 42 and described guiding pin rod 43 guide pin hole one to one, described chuck 1 and chuck 2 42 are flexibly connected by described guiding pin rod 43;
Clamp method is: the chuck 1 in the described guiding connection device 4 is fixedly connected on the peristoma place of described cylindrical shell 1, chuck 2 42 is fixedly connected on the peristoma place of described cylindrical shell 2 32; Guiding pin rod 43 between described chuck 1 and the chuck 2 42 is so that described cylindrical shell 1 and cylindrical shell 2 32 concentrics; Like this, when heat treatment, can effectively avoid the damage of tube head girth joint 11, cylinder end and Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld 23;
5), integral body disappears and answers heat treatment; To be inserted in the heat treatment furnace body by the base substrate of described guiding connection device 4 clampings, eliminate the tempering heat treatment of welding stress;
6), the cylindrical shell secondary connects; After heat treatment was complete, the welding to tear was finished in cooling.
Disappearing to answer in described integral body also has bearing device 5 in the heat treatment step, described bearing device comprises roller 51, cushion block 52 and backing plate 53, and described backing plate 53 is shelved on the bottom surface in the described body of heater, and described roller 51 is located at described backing plate 52 end faces; The bottom of the described chuck 1 of the upper support of described roller 51 and chuck 2 42; Described cushion block 52 is arranged between described roller 51 and described cylindrical shell 1, the cylindrical shell 2 32; So that two described chucks and cylindrical shell 1, cylindrical shell 2 32 keeps concentric and levels.Need to prove that herein in chuck position and cylindrical shell position selection such scheme be inconsistent, but purpose only has one, be exactly the base substrate axis horizontal that guarantees whole words, height those skilled in the art of cushion block, backing plate can select according to concrete size.Whether use the combination of backing plate, cushion block, or backing plate, the cushion block of the cylindrical shell position those skilled in the art that are integrated can be selected according to self needs.
Described shell side has import and outlet, and described tear 30 is opened between import and the outlet, is partial to an end of described import; This puts a kind of Optimized Measures of also this case; Situation is as example in this case Fig. 1 ~ 3 to be embodied in, and import is positioned on the cylindrical shell 2 32, and tear 30 as required can be in 30 ~ 200mm scope with the distance of import.
The first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the width that tear 30 is offered is 2-4mm, after the heat treatment, cooling, spot welding, dismounting guiding connection device 4, finishes welding.Detailed process is: cooling (to environment temperature, such as 15 ~ 30 ℃), and described tear 30 is carried out spot welding fix; Then remove described guiding connection device 4, finish the welding to tear 30, make described tear girth joint 300, at this moment, because consistent size, the material of welding are consistent, be easy to guarantee that the welding quality of tear girth joint 300 meets the requirement of film making flaw detection.
In this case, although cylindrical shell one, two materials, wall thickness, diameter are identical, when being necessary, needing that also described tear girth joint 300 is carried out the part and disappear and answer heat treatment.
The second embodiment of the present invention, shown in Fig. 3 ~ 5,30 places are welded with concave harmomegathus circle 8 at described tear.The two ends of circle are processed as the inclined-plane, and both sides cylindrical shell one 31 peristomas of formation and formation tear 30, the suitable harmomegathus lap welding of the bevel for welding that cylindrical shell 2 32 peristomas are offered respectively connect domatic 80.
The inner surface of described concave harmomegathus circle 8 is provided with at least twice oblique groove 81, so that the medium in the described shell side forms eddy flow when mobile, so that the heat exchange of medium is more full and uniform in tube side and the shell side, efficient is higher.After using a period of time, need medium in the cleaning shell side, in order to discharge to greatest extent the impurity in the shell side, have at least an oblique groove 81 to be positioned at the bottommost of concave harmomegathus circle 8; Like this, in conjunction with the effect of eddy flow, it is near the axial location of shell side import in addition, can remaining impurity between harmomegathus circle and inlet side tube sheet (such as tube sheet 2 32), impurity is in the harmomegathus circle substantially towards a side of shell side outlet, is convenient to impurity and drains.
Technique effect of the present invention is: in the heat treatment process that eliminates stress, can effectively eliminate the harmomegathus distortion damaged and effectively guaranteed heat exchanger to tube head girth weld in the product voltage withstand class and quality, the need integral body that has prolonged simultaneously service life disappears and answers the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Claims (7)
1. need whole disappearing to answer the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger, described heat exchanger comprises tube side, shell side, and the pipe support that is made of deflection plate, distance sink tube and lacing wire; Described tube side comprises some pipes, and described shell side comprises that cylindrical shell and plate face offer the tube sheet one, two in some holes;
It is characterized in that, described processing technology is carried out according to the following steps:
1), shell side preparation; Described cylindrical shell and tube sheet one, two are welded as one have the integral body of twice Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld;
2), cylindrical shell blocks; Offer a tear perpendicular to tubular axis, so that described cylindrical shell is divided into cylindrical shell one and cylindrical shell two, and offer respectively bevel for welding in tear both sides cylindrical shell one peristoma, cylindrical shell two peristomas, to the flaw detection of making film of the described Tube-sheet Welding circumferential weld of twice in the step 1), stand-by;
3), welding; Take one of described cylindrical shell one or cylindrical shell two as the basis is installed, install described pipe support, in described pipe support and aforementioned installation basis, wear described some pipes; Another cylindrical shell of fit again, the positional precision of setting up each described pipe and described cylindrical shell one and cylindrical shell two is carried out Tube-sheet Welding, so that described cylindrical shell one with tube sheet one, be integrated with cylindrical shell two and some Guan Lian of tube sheet two, gets base substrate; To the some tube head girth joints that form after the welding of the described base substrate upper perforated plate flaw detection of making film;
4), clamping base substrate; Adopt the described base substrate of a guiding connection device clamping;
Described guiding connection device comprises chuck one, chuck two and some guiding pin rods, some described guiding pin rods are fixedly connected on the described chuck one, offer on the described chuck two and described guiding pin rod guide pin hole one to one, described chuck one and chuck two are flexibly connected by described guiding pin rod;
Clamp method is: the chuck one in the described guiding connection device is fixedly connected on the peristoma place of described cylindrical shell one, chuck two is fixedly connected on the peristoma place of described cylindrical shell two; Guiding pin rod between described chuck one and the chuck two is so that described cylindrical shell one and cylindrical shell two concentrics;
5), integral body disappears and answers heat treatment; To be inserted in the heat treatment furnace body by the base substrate of described guiding connection device clamping, eliminate the tempering heat treatment of welding stress;
6), the cylindrical shell secondary connects; After heat treatment was complete, the welding to tear was finished in cooling.
2. according to claim 1 need whole disappearing answered the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, disappear to answer in described integral body and also have bearing device in the heat treatment step, described bearing device comprises roller, cushion block and backing plate, described backing plate is shelved on the interior bottom surface of described body of heater, and described roller is located at described backing plate end face; The bottom of the described chuck one of the upper support of described roller and chuck two; Described cushion block is arranged between described roller and described cylindrical shell one, the cylindrical shell two; So that two described chucks and cylindrical shell one, two keep concentric and level.
3. according to claim 1 need whole disappearing answered the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, described shell side has import and outlet, and described tear is opened between import and the outlet, is partial to an end of described import.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 describedly need whole disappearing to answer the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, when the cylindrical shell secondary connects, described tear is carried out spot welding fixes; Then remove described guiding connection device, finish the welding to tear, make described tear girth joint.
5. according to claim 4ly need whole disappearing to answer the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, described tear girth joint is carried out the part disappear and answer heat treatment.
6. according to claim 1,2 or 3 describedly need whole disappearing to answer the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, be welded with concave harmomegathus circle at described tear place.
7. according to claim 6 need whole disappearing answered the processing technology of heat treatment shell-and-tube heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, the inner surface of described concave harmomegathus circle is provided with at least twice oblique groove, so that the medium in the described shell side forms eddy flow when mobile.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106624411A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Method of welding bar-tensioning plate between two workpieces large in heat treatment temperature difference |
| CN109551080A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-02 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of large diameter thin wall double tubesheet and Circumferential Welds In Cylinders welding procedure |
| CN113804043A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-17 | 抚顺化工机械设备制造有限公司 | Welding method for middle section of fixed tube-plate heat exchanger |
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| CN109551080A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-02 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of large diameter thin wall double tubesheet and Circumferential Welds In Cylinders welding procedure |
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Effective date of registration: 20160829 Address after: 225004 Jiangsu city of Yangzhou province Guangling Economic Development Zone Dong Zhuang Road No. 12 Patentee after: Yangzhou Juren Machinery Co.,Ltd. Address before: 225113 Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jintai village of Tai'an town of Guangling District No. 24 Hing Group Patentee before: Yangzhou Wanfu Pressure Container Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20210120 Address after: 225000 No.1 Huaxian Road, industrial park, Tai'an Town, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: YANGZHOU WANFU PRESSURE CONTAINER Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.12 Dongzhuang Road, Guangling Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225004 Patentee before: YANGZHOU GIANT MACHINERY Co.,Ltd. |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |