CN102917771A - 用于生产液态二氧化碳的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于生产液态二氧化碳的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN102917771A
CN102917771A CN2011800268607A CN201180026860A CN102917771A CN 102917771 A CN102917771 A CN 102917771A CN 2011800268607 A CN2011800268607 A CN 2011800268607A CN 201180026860 A CN201180026860 A CN 201180026860A CN 102917771 A CN102917771 A CN 102917771A
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carbon dioxide
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A·布里格利亚
A·吉亚尔
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于生产富含二氧化碳的液体的设备，所述设备包括：分离单元（10），其包括使用溶剂进行物理洗涤的塔和用于冷却所述分离单元的流体的装置；用于压缩和液化来自所述分离单元的富含二氧化碳的气体（4）的单元（12），该压缩和液化单元包括：用于冷却压缩操作的上游和/或下游的气体的装置；单个制冷循环，其使用二氧化碳作为制冷剂，适用于向如下的装置提供制冷：用于冷却所述分离单元的流体的装置，和用于冷却所述压缩操作的上游和/或下游的气体的装置；以及，用于将来自所述液化单元的液体的一部分传送至所述制冷循环的装置。

Description

用于生产液态二氧化碳的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于生产富含二氧化碳的液体的方法和设备。本发明特别适用于基于物理吸收原理的气体分离和净化工艺（该工艺需要在0℃以下操作，诸如工艺或者
Figure BDA00002498331800012
工艺，其中为了诸如固碳（séquestration）、EOR（提高石油采收率）等目的，必须以液态形式或者压缩的形式生产二氧化碳），或者任何其它的专门用于减少二氧化碳排放的应用。
背景技术
在基于物理吸收原理的气体分离和净化单元中——其需要在0℃以下操作，诸如
Figure BDA00002498331800013
工艺或者
Figure BDA00002498331800014
工艺，需要提供大量的制冷负荷从而工艺有效地运转。该制冷任务通常由制冷单元提供，其中该制冷单元操作诸如氨或丙烯等的工艺外部的流体。
在通过预燃烧工艺减少二氧化碳排放的情况下，必须将分离出的二氧化碳生产为用于陆运、河运或海运的液态形式或者用于管道运输的压缩形式。这些工艺也需要与待液化的流体（二氧化碳）合作的压缩机从而提供生产液态或压缩形式的二氧化碳所需的热平衡。
图1示出了现有技术中的设备。类型的气体分离和净化单元10分离包含二氧化碳的待处理的气体1，从而生产净化气体2和富含二氧化碳的气体。通过使用制冷剂3、3’的外部制冷单元11来冷却分离单元10。二氧化碳在液化器12中液化从而生产液态二氧化碳5。
发明内容
根据本发明的目的，提供了一种用于生产富含二氧化碳的液体作为最终产品的方法，其中：
i）在低于0℃的温度下利用溶剂通过物理洗涤分离包含二氧化碳的进料气体；
ii）冷却所述步骤i）中的物理洗涤所需的所述溶剂；
iii）通过根据步骤i）的分离而生产富含二氧化碳的气体，所述富含二氧化碳的气体被压缩和液化；
iv）所述富含二氧化碳的气体在步骤iii）的压缩操作的上游和/或下游被冷却；以及
v）使用二氧化碳作为制冷剂的单个制冷循环为步骤iv）的冷却操作提供制冷和为步骤i）所需的冷却操作提供制冷，其中用作制冷剂的二氧化碳的至少一部分来自步骤iii）的液化操作。
根据其它可选的方面：
-相同的制冷循环用于冷却所述压缩操作的上游和/或下游的富含二氧化碳的气体；
-相同的制冷循环用于冷却所述洗涤操作的上游的溶剂；
-所述溶剂是甲醇；
-所述富含二氧化碳的气体在步骤iii）的压缩操作之后被液化。
根据本发明的另一个目的，提供了一种用于生产富含二氧化碳的液体作为最终产品的设备，所述设备包括：
i）分离单元，其包括使用溶剂进行物理洗涤的塔和用于冷却所述分离单元的流体的装置；
ii）用于压缩和液化来自所述分离单元的富含二氧化碳的气体以便生产液态二氧化碳作为最终产品的压缩和液化单元，该压缩和液化单元包括用于在压缩操作的上游和/或下游冷却气体的装置；
iii）使用二氧化碳作为制冷剂的单个制冷循环，其适用于向如下的装置提供制冷：用于冷却所述分离单元的流体的装置和用于在压缩操作的上游和/或下游冷却富含二氧化碳的气体的装置；以及
iv）用于将来自所述液化单元的液态二氧化碳的一部分传送至所述制冷循环的装置。
可选地，所述设备包括利用所述制冷循环在洗涤操作的上游冷却溶剂的装置。
本发明在于利用单个制冷循环向例如
Figure BDA00002498331800031
类型的气体分离和净化单元所需的冷却提供制冷，特别是用于冷却洗涤用溶剂，以及用于冷却来自所述气体分离和净化单元的富含二氧化碳的气体流。
具体实施方式
这种方法通过组合这些功能减少投资。以下将参考图2更加详细地说明本发明。
Figure BDA00002498331800032
类型的用于在低于0℃的温度下使用溶剂通过物理洗涤来分离和净化气体的单元10分离包含二氧化碳的待处理的气体1，从而生产净化气体2和富含二氧化碳的气体4。借助于使用制冷剂103、103’——来自用于处理富含二氧化碳的气体4的单元12——的循环来冷却分离单元10。二氧化碳处理单元12是压缩单元C和之后的生产液态二氧化碳5的液化单元L。由压缩单元C压缩的富含二氧化碳的气体通过单元L液化从而生产最终产品5。所形成的液体的一部分103可借助于热交换器E1、E2冷却压缩单元C的下游和/或上游的被压缩流。
特别是，被传送至单元10的制冷剂103能够用于冷却在该方法的洗涤步骤中使用的溶剂流。
相同的流体可用于冷却单元12中的压缩操作的上游和/或下游的二氧化碳。
所述的流体是二氧化碳并且来自于在单元12中被处理的气体4。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于生产富含二氧化碳的液体作为最终产品的方法，其中：
i）在低于0℃的温度下利用溶剂通过物理洗涤分离包含二氧化碳的进料气体；
ii）冷却所述步骤i）中的物理洗涤所需的所述溶剂；
iii）通过根据步骤i）的分离而生产富含二氧化碳的气体，所述富含二氧化碳的气体被压缩和液化；
iv）在步骤iii）的压缩操作的上游和/或下游冷却所述富含二氧化碳的气体；
v）使用二氧化碳作为制冷剂的单个制冷循环为步骤iv）的冷却操作提供制冷和为步骤i）所需的冷却操作提供制冷，其中用作制冷剂的二氧化碳的至少一部分来自步骤iii）的液化操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，相同的制冷循环用于冷却洗涤操作上游的溶剂。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述溶剂是甲醇。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述富含二氧化碳的气体在步骤iii）的压缩操作之后被液化。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在步骤iii）的压缩操作的上游通过所述制冷循环冷却所述富含二氧化碳的气体。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在步骤iii）的压缩操作的下游通过所述制冷循环冷却所述富含二氧化碳的气体。
7.一种用于生产富含二氧化碳的液体作为最终产品的设备，所述设备包括：
i）分离单元（10），其包括使用溶剂进行物理洗涤的塔和用于冷却所述分离单元的流体的装置；
ii）用于压缩和液化来自所述分离单元的富含二氧化碳的气体（4）的压缩和液化单元（12，C，L），所述压缩和液化单元包括用于在压缩操作的上游和/或下游冷却所述富含二氧化碳的气体的装置（E1，E2）；
iii）使用二氧化碳作为制冷剂的单个制冷循环（103，103’），其适用于向下列装置提供制冷：用于冷却所述分离单元的流体的装置和用于在压缩操作的上游和/或下游冷却所述富含二氧化碳的气体的装置；以及
iv）用于将来自所述分离单元和液化单元的富含二氧化碳的液体的一部分传送至所述制冷循环的装置。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备，其中，所述制冷循环适用于在所述富含二氧化碳的气体的压缩的上游提供制冷。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的设备，其中，所述制冷循环适用于在所述富含二氧化碳的气体的压缩的下游提供制冷。
10.如权利要求7至9中的任一项所述的设备，其中，所述设备包括借助于所述制冷循环在所述洗涤操作的上游冷却溶剂的装置。
CN2011800268607A 2010-06-01 2011-05-06 用于生产液态二氧化碳的方法和设备 Pending CN102917771A (zh)

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