CN102917225A - Method for quickly selecting HEVC (high-efficiency video coding) inframe coding units - Google Patents

Method for quickly selecting HEVC (high-efficiency video coding) inframe coding units Download PDF

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CN102917225A
CN102917225A CN2012104119519A CN201210411951A CN102917225A CN 102917225 A CN102917225 A CN 102917225A CN 2012104119519 A CN2012104119519 A CN 2012104119519A CN 201210411951 A CN201210411951 A CN 201210411951A CN 102917225 A CN102917225 A CN 102917225A
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李宏亮
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for quickly selecting HEVC (high-efficiency video coding) inframe coding units. Rate-distortion cost of each CU (coding unit), obtained by absolute error and SAD (sum of absolute difference) approximately, is related to non-uniformized gradient histogram of each CU. The higher the similarity degree of the non-uniformized gradient histograms of two equal-scale CUs is, the more possibly equal splitflags are. The method is a method for realizing quick selection of the CUs by utilizing the template matching mode on the basis of the non-uniformized gradient histograms, and accordingly, improving coding speed of the HEVC inframe prediction method. Whether each CU is required to be split into four smaller CUs or not is judged by utilizing the non-uniformized gradient histograms as features. On the condition of meeting template matching requirements, a step of comparing rate distortion cost of codes one by one is omitted.

Description

HEVC intraframe coding unit fast selecting method
Technical field
The present invention proposes in high-performance video coding (High Efficiency Video Coding, HEVC) technology, the technology of particularly in coding predict coding unit being selected.
Background technology
Be accompanied by development and the maturation of high-definition video technology, emerged in large numbers the application of a large amount of HD videos in people's daily life.User's welcome and favor have been subject to about the various application of HD video.Yet higher resolution brings larger data volume so that HD video requires higher to the compression performance of coding and decoding video algorithm.Present video encoding and decoding standard (as H.264/AVC waiting) often can not satisfy HD video well to the requirement of compression performance.For satisfying new Video Applications to the requirement of encoding and decoding standard, the Video coding combination and cooperation group of ITU-T/ISO/IEC (Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding, JCT-VC) is formulating new video encoding and decoding standard HEVC of future generation a few days ago.For being applicable to the real-time application of video technique, we need to improve the coding rate of HEVC.The present invention mainly is devoted to improve the intraframe coding speed of HEVC, reduces computation complexity.
At present, mainly contain the fast algorithm of a class HEVC intraframe coding.Namely based on the quick selection of prediction direction.This method has by the gradient information of current block judges prediction direction; Also there is the prediction direction of utilizing adjacent block to come auxiliary judgment to arrive the prediction direction of current block.Yet these methods are to improve intraframe coding speed by the quick selection that realizes prediction direction mostly.Trial does not go to deal with problems from the angle of the quick selection of coding unit (CU, Coding Unit).In fact, the yardstick of CU has 64x64,32x32,16x16,8x8 during intraframe coding.To the maximum coding unit (LCU) of each 64x64 when encoding, need to be from yardstick 64x64 to 8x8 down travel through according to quad-tree structure and carry out rate-distortion optimization, choose only CU yardstick.Because the smallest dimension of CU is 8x8, can not down be divided into less CU for 8x8CU again.But the predicting unit that can be divided into 4 4x4 of 8x8CU (Prediction Unit, PU) is encoded.If we can fast prediction go out final intraframe coding CU yardstick, in the infra-frame prediction process, just can save so the forecasting process of a lot of CU.
In the existing HEVC intraframe coding process, be by minimum from the 64x64(degree of depth to the coding of each LCU) travel through according to quad-tree structure to the CU of 8x8 yardstick.Each CU has one to cut apart identifier (splitflag) in ergodic process.This splitflag is used for judging whether current C U needs to be divided into four more CU of small scale, i.e. the rate distortion costs J after cutting apart the split coding of CU under calculating and the more current size SplitWith the rate distortion costs J of not cutting apart the unsplit coding UnsplitSize; As rate distortion costs J UnsplitLess than or equal to rate distortion costs J Split, then current CU is no longer cut apart, and the identifier of cutting apart of this CU of mark is unsplit; As rate distortion costs J UnsplitGreater than rate distortion costs J SplitThen current CU also need be cut apart, the identifier of cutting apart of this this CU of mark is split, and continue the utilization rate distortion cost and judge after this CU is cut apart, whether also need further cut apart, until maximum to the smallest dimension 8x8(degree of depth) judge complete, the cutting apart identifier and determine of current C U, preserve the corresponding coded message that the coded message of cutting apart mode corresponding to identifier is upgraded current LCU.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of method of the quick selection HEVC intraframe coding unit based on template matches.
The present invention is that the technical scheme that the above-mentioned technology of solution adopts is, HEVC intraframe coding unit fast selecting method may further comprise the steps:
Among step 1, the maximum coding unit LCU to be predicted that in current encoded frame, extracts successively, should begin to carry out the coding unit yardstick from the degree of depth corresponding to maximum coding yardstick to LCU and judge;
Step 2, k the coding unit of calculating current encoded frame under current degree of depth i
Figure BDA00002305241300021
Non-normalized histogram of gradients, judge that the identifier of cutting apart encoded under the current degree of depth i is the coding unit number of cutting apart split in current encoded frame
Figure BDA00002305241300022
And cut apart identifier for not cutting apart the coding unit number of unsplit
Figure BDA00002305241300023
Whether all start thresholding N more than or equal to default template matches, as no, carry out judging based on the coding unit yardstick of rate distortion costs, namely enter step 3; In this way, carry out judging based on the coding unit yardstick of template matches, namely enter step 4;
Step 3, based on the coding unit yardstick determining step of rate distortion costs: to the coding unit under the current degree of depth i
Figure BDA00002305241300024
Carry out respectively that the unsplit mode is encoded, the split mode is encoded, the rate distortion costs of two kinds of coded systems size relatively, the less mode of selection rate distortion cost is for cutting apart the identifier assignment; Work as coding unit
Figure BDA00002305241300025
The identifier assignment of cutting apart be unsplit, then enter step 5; Such as coding unit
Figure BDA00002305241300026
The identifier assignment of cutting apart be split, then enter step 6;
Step 4, based on the coding unit yardstick determining step of template matches: with coding unit
Figure BDA00002305241300027
Non-normalized histogram of gradients and current encoded frame in the non-normalized histogram of gradients of the coding unit of having encoded under the current degree of depth i mate, find out and coding unit The most similar setting number l coding unit of having encoded; Judge coding unit that l has encoded whether cut apart identifier all identical, as no, return step 3; The coding unit of having encoded such as l the identifier of cutting apart be unsplit, then to coding unit
Figure BDA00002305241300029
Carry out the unsplit mode encode and corresponding coded system under the calculation rate distortion cost, enter again step 5; The coding unit of having encoded such as l the identifier of cutting apart be split, to coding unit
Figure BDA000023052413000210
Carry out the unsplit mode and encode and calculate rate distortion costs under the corresponding coded system, enter again step 6; Wherein, l≤N;
Rate distortion costs and coded message that step 5, reservation are encoded in the unsplit mode are upgraded the coding unit number that identifier is unsplit of cutting apart of having encoded under the current degree of depth i in the current encoded frame
Figure BDA000023052413000211
Figure BDA000023052413000212
Initial value is 0;
Rate distortion costs and coded message that step 6, reservation are encoded in the split mode are upgraded the coding unit number that identifier is split of cutting apart of having encoded under the current degree of depth i in the current encoded frame
Figure BDA00002305241300031
Figure BDA00002305241300032
Initial value is 0; Judge whether current degree of depth i is the degree of depth corresponding to coding yardstick 8x8, is the degree of depth corresponding to coding yardstick 8x8 such as the current degree of depth, further judges the coding unit whether current LCU needs yardstick to judge under the current degree of depth in addition again, in this way, upgrade k=k+1, return step 2, as no, enter step 7; Be not the degree of depth corresponding to 8x8 such as the current degree of depth, then upgrade current degree of depth i=i+1, return step 2;
Step 7, judge among the current LCU coding unit that whether also has coding not to finish, in this way, upgrade the degree of depth corresponding to yardstick of the coding unit that current degree of depth i finishes for next coding, as no, current LCU coding is finished, and further judges whether to arrive the postamble of current encoded frame, as arrive postamble, then current encoded frame end-of-encode, as do not arrive postamble, return step 1.
The present invention proposes the quick selection that a kind of template matches mode based on non-normalized histogram of gradients realizes CU, thereby improves the method for the coding rate of HEVC intra-frame prediction method.
Find by analysis, the rate distortion costs that is similar to each CU that obtains with absolute error and SAD is directly proportional with the difference of predict pixel and source pixel, and this proportional relation is relevant with the non-normalized histogram of gradients of CU.The CU of two equal dimensions, its non-normalized histogram of gradients similarity degree is higher, cuts apart identifier and more might equate.Therefore, the present invention utilizes non-normalized histogram of gradients to judge as feature whether each CU needs to be divided into four less CU.Satisfying under the condition of template matches, saving one by one the relatively step of encoding rate distortion cost.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, adopt the mode of template matches to predict the partitioned mode of current C U based on non-normalized histogram, computation complexity is low, Detection accuracy is high, method is simple and efficient, at the time complexity that guarantees greatly to have reduced under the prerequisite that coding quality loses hardly the HEVC infra-frame prediction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is template matches fast prediction mode example.
Embodiment
The present invention utilizes non-normalized histogram of gradients to judge as feature whether current C U needs to be divided into four less CU.Consider that in same frame of video, similar zone may be repeated.Among the CU of the same scale that the mode that we adopt a kind of template matches has been encoded in the present frame front, seek the non-normalized the most similar l of the histogram of gradients CU to current C U, judge the splitflag of current C U by the corresponding splitflag of this l CU.When the splitflag homogeneous phase while of this l CU, the splitflag of current C U also equates with the splitflag of this l CU.Otherwise when this l CU was incomplete same, current C U judged at partitioning scheme according to existing rate distortion costs manner of comparison and is split or unsplit.
As shown in Figure 1, black block cu kBe the current CU that is encoding.C={cu 0, cu 1..., cu K-1The set of the CU that encoded for present frame, consisted of by grey block and white blocks.Wherein grey block is the split piece, and white blocks is the unsplit piece.The process of template matches is exactly search and cu in C kA most similar l CU.If this l CU for splitflag identical, cu so kAlso adopt identical splitflag.Otherwise, calculate the rate distortion costs of current C U in split and unsplit situation, select splitflag by the comparing rate distortion cost.Namely
splitflag cu k = unsplit l mu = = l | | J unsplit &le; J split split l ms = = l | | J split < J unsplit - - - ( 1 )
L wherein MuAnd l MsBe respectively the CU number of unsplit and split among the CU of coupling of l.J SplitAnd J UnsplitBe respectively the rate distortion costs that current block calculates according to split and unsplit mode.
In addition, concerning the CU of each degree of depth i, if the CU that present frame has been encoded only belongs to a class, then can not distinguish well current block.Because the similar CU that finds in the time of coupling also belongs to this class.Go down successively, the CU of whole frame belongs to this class.Obviously predicated error is larger like this.So required before template matches, two classes must be not less than a definite value with reference to minimum value in the number of CU, namely default template matches starts thresholding N:
min ( l pu i , l ps i ) &GreaterEqual; N - - - ( 2 )
Wherein,
Figure BDA00002305241300043
With
Figure BDA00002305241300044
Be respectively the unsplit CU that encoded in the present frame and the number of split CU.
Since more for the CU number than small scale in the high-definition image, be so that matching effect is better, can adopt a kind of mode of similar uniform sampling according to certain step-length s CU to be carried out template sampling coupling, i.e. every s one of CU sampling of having encoded compares.In order to make the value of step-length s more flexible, step-length s is dynamic step length, and the CU number of having encoded in the size of s and the present frame is relevant:
s = max ( 1 , l pu i + l ps i T ) - - - ( 3 )
T is a control parameter, can rule of thumb regulate.
Embodiment
The present invention realizes at the HM6.0 experiment porch, and step is as follows:
Initialization step:
The 1st step: among the maximum coding unit LCU to be predicted that in current encoded frame, extracts successively, should begin to carry out the coding unit yardstick from the degree of depth corresponding to maximum coding yardstick to LCU and judge; Before the CU to each each degree of depth i of frame coded frame encodes,
Figure BDA00002305241300046
With
Figure BDA00002305241300047
Be initialized as 0;
Coding unit yardstick determining step:
The 2nd step: calculate k the coding unit of current encoded frame under current degree of depth i
Figure BDA00002305241300048
Non-normalized histogram of gradients; The identifier of cutting apart that judgement has been encoded under the current degree of depth i in current encoded frame is the coding unit number of cutting apart split
Figure BDA00002305241300049
And cut apart identifier for not cutting apart the coding unit number of unsplit
Figure BDA00002305241300051
Whether all start thresholding N more than or equal to default template matches, namely judge whether to satisfy min ( l pu i , l ps i ) &GreaterEqual; N And max ( l pu i , l ps i ) &GreaterEqual; l , As no, carry out judging based on the coding unit yardstick of rate distortion costs, namely enter step 3; In this way, carry out judging based on the coding unit yardstick of template matches, namely enter step 4;
Step 3, based on the coding unit yardstick determining step of rate distortion costs: to the coding unit under the current degree of depth i
Figure BDA00002305241300054
Carry out respectively that the unsplit mode is encoded, the split mode is encoded, the rate distortion costs of two kinds of coded systems size relatively, the less mode of selection rate distortion cost is for cutting apart the identifier assignment; Work as coding unit
Figure BDA00002305241300055
The identifier assignment of cutting apart be unsplit, then enter step 5; Such as coding unit
Figure BDA00002305241300056
The identifier assignment of cutting apart be split, then enter step 6;
Step 4, based on the coding unit yardstick determining step of template matches: with coding unit
Figure BDA00002305241300057
Non-normalized histogram of gradients and current degree of depth i in step-length s sampling current encoded frame under the non-normalized histogram of gradients of the coding unit of having encoded mate, find out and coding unit
Figure BDA00002305241300058
The most similar setting number l coding unit of having encoded; Judge coding unit that l has encoded whether cut apart identifier all identical, i.e. max (l whether Mu, l MsThe l of)==as no, returns step 3; The coding unit of having encoded such as l the identifier of cutting apart be unsplit, then to coding unit Carry out the unsplit mode encode and corresponding coded system under the calculation rate distortion cost, enter again step 5; The coding unit of having encoded such as l the identifier of cutting apart be split, to coding unit
Figure BDA000023052413000510
Carry out the unsplit mode and encode and calculate rate distortion costs under the corresponding coded system, enter again step 6; Wherein, l≤N;
The cycle criterion step:
Rate distortion costs and coded message that step 5, reservation are encoded in the unsplit mode are upgraded the coding unit number that identifier is unsplit of cutting apart of having encoded under the current degree of depth i in the current encoded frame
Rate distortion costs and coded message that step 6, reservation are encoded in the split mode are upgraded the coding unit number that identifier is split of cutting apart of having encoded under the current degree of depth i in the current encoded frame
Figure BDA000023052413000512
Judge whether current degree of depth i is the degree of depth corresponding to coding yardstick 8x8, is the degree of depth corresponding to coding yardstick 8x8 such as the current degree of depth, further judges the coding unit whether current LCU needs yardstick to judge under the current degree of depth in addition again, in this way, upgrade k=k+1, return step 2, as no, enter step 7; Be not the degree of depth corresponding to 8x8 such as the current degree of depth, then upgrade current degree of depth i=i+1, return step 2;
Step 7, judge among the current LCU coding unit that whether also has coding not to finish, in this way, upgrade the degree of depth corresponding to yardstick of the coding unit that current degree of depth i finishes for next coding, as no, current LCU coding is finished, and further judges whether to arrive the postamble of current encoded frame, as arrive postamble, then current encoded frame end-of-encode, as do not arrive postamble, return step 1.

Claims (3)

1.HEVC intraframe coding unit fast selecting method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Among step 1, the maximum coding unit LCU to be predicted that in current encoded frame, extracts successively, should begin to carry out the coding unit yardstick from the degree of depth corresponding to maximum coding yardstick to LCU and judge;
K coding unit in step 2, the calculating current encoded frame under current degree of depth i
Figure FDA00002305241200011
Non-normalized histogram of gradients, judge that the identifier of cutting apart encoded under the current degree of depth i is the coding unit number of cutting apart split in current encoded frame
Figure FDA00002305241200012
And cut apart identifier for not cutting apart the coding unit number of unsplit
Figure FDA00002305241200013
Whether all start thresholding N more than or equal to default template matches, as no, carry out judging based on the coding unit yardstick of rate distortion costs, namely enter step 3; In this way, carry out judging based on the coding unit yardstick of template matches, namely enter step 4;
Step 3, based on the coding unit yardstick determining step of rate distortion costs: to the coding unit under the current degree of depth i
Figure FDA00002305241200014
Carry out respectively that the unsplit mode is encoded, the split mode is encoded, the rate distortion costs of two kinds of coded systems size relatively, the less mode of selection rate distortion cost is for cutting apart the identifier assignment; Work as coding unit
Figure FDA00002305241200015
The identifier assignment of cutting apart be unsplit, then enter step 5; Such as coding unit
Figure FDA00002305241200016
The identifier assignment of cutting apart be split, then enter step 6;
Step 4, based on the coding unit yardstick determining step of template matches: with coding unit
Figure FDA00002305241200017
Non-normalized histogram of gradients and current encoded frame in the non-normalized histogram of gradients of the coding unit of having encoded under the current degree of depth i mate, find out and coding unit
Figure FDA00002305241200018
The most similar setting number l coding unit of having encoded; Judge coding unit that l has encoded whether cut apart identifier all identical, as no, return step 3; The coding unit of having encoded such as l the identifier of cutting apart be unsplit, then to coding unit
Figure FDA00002305241200019
Carry out the unsplit mode encode and corresponding coded system under the calculation rate distortion cost, enter again step 5; The coding unit of having encoded such as l the identifier of cutting apart be split, to coding unit
Figure FDA000023052412000110
Carry out the unsplit mode and encode and calculate rate distortion costs under the corresponding coded system, enter again step 6; Wherein, l≤N;
Rate distortion costs and coded message that step 5, reservation are encoded in the unsplit mode are upgraded the coding unit number that identifier is unsplit of cutting apart of having encoded under the current degree of depth i in the current encoded frame
Figure FDA000023052412000112
Initial value is 0;
Rate distortion costs and coded message that step 6, reservation are encoded in the split mode are upgraded the coding unit number that identifier is split of cutting apart of having encoded under the current degree of depth i in the current encoded frame
Figure FDA000023052412000113
Initial value is 0; Judge whether current degree of depth i is the degree of depth corresponding to coding yardstick 8x8, is the degree of depth corresponding to coding yardstick 8x8 such as the current degree of depth, further judges the coding unit whether current LCU needs yardstick to judge under the current degree of depth in addition again, in this way, upgrade k=k+1, return step 2, as no, enter step 7; Be not the degree of depth corresponding to 8x8 such as the current degree of depth, then upgrade current degree of depth i=i+1, return step 2;
Step 7, judge among the current LCU coding unit that whether also has coding not to finish, in this way, upgrade the degree of depth corresponding to yardstick of the coding unit that current degree of depth i finishes for next coding, as no, current LCU coding is finished, and further judges whether to arrive the postamble of current encoded frame, as arrive postamble, then current encoded frame end-of-encode, as do not arrive postamble, return step 1.
2. HEVC intraframe coding unit fast selecting method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step 4, with coding unit
Figure FDA00002305241200021
Non-normalized histogram of gradients and current encoded frame under the current degree of depth i, the non-normalized histogram of gradients of the coding unit of having encoded by dynamic step-length sampling is mated, described dynamic step length value is directly proportional with the coding unit number of having encoded.
3. HEVC intraframe coding unit fast selecting method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the concrete grammar of described dynamic step length value is: Wherein s is the dynamic step length value, and T is the control parameter.
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